수학자 이상설이 소개한 근대자연과학: <식물학(植物學)>

박영민 ( Young Min Park ),김채식 ( Chae Sik Kim ),이상구 ( Sang Gu Lee ),이재화 ( Jae Hwa Lee ) 한국수학교육학회 2011 수학교육논문집 Vol.25 No.2

본 원고는 2004년 과학사학자 박성래 교수가 독립 운동가이자 한국 근대 수학교육의 아버지로 부르기 시작한 보재 이상설(李相卨, 1870-1917)이 자연과학에 기여한 내용을 다루고 있다. 한국수학사학회지 2009년 11월 호에 자세히 소개된 〈數理〉를 쓴 시기를 전후하여, 같은 시기에 이상설이 붓으로 쓴 것으로 여겨지는 〈植物學>(이상설, 1899)은 총 4면의 초록 필사본이며, 그 대본(臺本)은 〈植物學啓蒙〉 (Edkins, 1886)으로 영국의 Joseph Edkins(艾約瑟, 1823-1905)가 번역하여 1886년에 간행한 〈西學啓蒙〉 16종 가운데 하나이다. 이상설의 〈植物學>은 이 〈植物學啓蒙〉을 읽으면서 그 책의 내용 중 당시의 조 선 학자가 모르고 있던 새로운 내용을 중심으로 메모를 한 것으로 여겨진다. 본 연구에서는 전통산학과 근대서양수학을 연결하는 〈數理〉를 저술했으며. 우리나라의 정규 교과과정에 수학과 과학을 필수과목으로 지정하고, 첫 번째 수학교과서 〈산術新書〉를 발간함으로 당대 최고의 수학자로 평가된 이상설이 쓴 〈植物學〉을 발굴하여 그 내용과 의미를 최초로 분석한다, 이를 통하여 당시 조선의 서양 과학, 특히 식물학에 대한 이해 수준을 분석하고 〈植物學〉의 원전인 〈植物學啓蒙〉 과 <西學啓蒙〉의 저자에 대하여 알아본다. 이는 당시 수학교육자가 자연과학분야에 행한 교육적 기여를 이해 하는데 필수적인 연구이다. This paper deals with contents that Sang-Seol Lee contributed to the natural science in the 19th century Korea. Prof. Sung-Rae Park, the science historian, called Sang-Seol Lee Father of the Modern Mathematics education of Korea. Sang-Seol Lee wrote a manuscript Botany with a brush in late 19th century. Botany was transcribed from Science Primers: Botany (written by J. D. Hooker), which is translated into Chinese by Joseph Edkins in 1886. The existence of Sang-Seol Lee`s book Botany was not known to Korean scientists before. In this paper, we study the contents of Botany and its original text. Also we analyze people`s level of understanding Western sciences, especially botany at that time. In addition, we study authors of 16 Primers for Western Knowledge. We study the contribution of mathematician Sang-Seol Lee to science education in the 19th century Korea.

Experimental investigation of macroscopic material nonlinear behavior and microscopic void volume fraction change for porous materials under uniaxial compression

Lee, Eun Sun,Goh, Tae Sik,Lee, Jung Sub,Heo, Jin-Young,Kim, Gi-Baek,Lee, Chi-Seung Elsevier 2019 Composites Part B, Engineering Vol.163 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The purpose of this study was to simultaneously analyze the nonlinear behavior and the void volume fraction change of polyurethane foam (PUF) under a uniaxial compressive load through micro-scale and macro-scale viewpoints. The influence of micro-scale factors on the macroscopic properties of PUF was analyzed, along with the interrelationships between micro-scale and macroscopic properties. The microstructure of PUF was observed by analyzing the density. Various micro-analyses were also conducted, including those for energy absorption, Young's modulus, and recovery behaviors. Internal structure changes such as those in density and degree of compressive strain were analyzed by measuring the void volume fraction of each region in the specimen under a uniaxial compressive load. The elastic, plateau, densification, and fracture regions of the compressive test stress-strain curve were divided, analyzed, and compared with microscopic analysis results. Based on the results of the macro-micro-scale experiment, we analyzed influence and change process of microstructures on the compressive behavior of the PUF specimen in detail. This study shows that internal and overall changes in the compression process of various porous materials can be predicted under a uniaxial compressive load.</P>

非晶質合金의 物理的 및 化學的 性質 Ⅲ. : 液體急冷法 Fe-Cr-B-Si系 및 Fe-Co-Cr-B-S系 合金의 諸特性 The Properties of Rapidly Quenched Fe-Cr-B-Si and Fe-Co-Cr-B-Si Alloys

李龍浩,姜鉉植,高錫梵,李國行,신영진,梁東翊,朴鎭夏,黃在順,이종명 全北大學校 1983 論文集 Vol.25 No.-

Some physical and chemical properties of liquid quenched Fe_75-χ Cr_χB_15Si_10(0≤χ≤6) and Fe_5Co_70-χ Cr_χB_15Si_10(0≤χ≤9) amorphous alloys are investigated. The χ dependencies of saturation magnetization B_s, coercive force H_c, magnetostriction λ, Young's modulus E, resistivity ρ and magnetoresistance ρ_mρ_m are measured with varying tension σand magnetic field H. When χ increases, B_s, H_c, λ and ρ_m decrease monotonically, while E and ρ increase monotonically. Effective moments of Cr and B_15Si_10 are estimated about -5 and -1∼-0.5 Bohr magneton respectively. Uniaxial Anisotropy of Fe_75B_15Si_10 is about 2.2×10^4 erg/c.c by thermodynamical calculation. Magnetoresitance is closely related to magnetostriction, and shows maximum value about 0.13% at magnetic saturation and no stress in Fe riched alloy. Giant ΔE effect of Fe_75B_15Si_10 alloy is about 70% by static tension experiment. Effect of the amount of Cr on the corrosion behavior of amorphous Fe_5Co70-χ Cr_χ B_15Si_10 alloys are compared by immersion tests. The addition of Cr to this alloys lowers the corrosion rate in 1N HCl, but it has a little effect in 1N H_2SO_4.

종합검진센터 내원자에서 관상동맥질환 위험요인들의 분포

이충원,이종영,박종원,윤능기,김영조,이현우,이무식,서석권 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1993 계명의대학술지 Vol.12 No.3

1991년3월부터 8월사이에 대구시에 소재한 1개의 대학병원의 종합검진센타에 내원해서 종합검진을 받은 남자 422명(69.9%)과 여자 182명(30.1%)을 대상으로 하여 심헐관계질환의 위험요인들의 전체적인 분포를 보았다. 평균 연령은 남자가 43.3(표준편차, 10.3), 여자가 44.4(표준편차, 10.8)였다. 남자에서 연령에 따라 0.05 수준에서 통계적인 유의성을 보인 위험인자는 혈청 총콜레스테롤(TC). 트리글리세라이드(TC), 고밀도 지단백콜레스테롤(HDL), 저밀도 지단백콜레스테롤(LDL), 수축기혈압, 비체중, A형행동양상이었으며 생활습관으로서는 음주, 흡연, 규칙적인 운동, 우유와 커피섭취, 수면 등이었다. 여자에서는 TC, TG, LDL, 수축기와 확장기혈압, 비체중 그리고 커피섭취와 수면 등이었다. 남자에서 총콜레스테롤의 평균은 181.7mg/dl(표준편차, 32.2), 여자는 182.5mg/이(표준편차, 42.2)였다. 대부분의 위험인자들은 구미의 수준에 미치지 못했으나 남자에서 흡연율이 전체적으로 61.8%로 높으 수준이었으며 특히, 20~29세가 72.9%, 30~39세가 75.2%로서 다른 연령군에 비해 상대적으로 높았다. 여자에서는 전체적으로 6.0%에 지나지 않았다. 확장기혈압 90mmHg 이상을 고혈압자로 정의했을 때의 유병률이 여자 전체대상자에서 24.7%로 높았으며 50-59세는 표본수가 적어서 문제가 되었으나 53.1%였다. 어떤 인구집단내에서 총콜레스테롤의 평균이 200mg/dl 미만이면 고혈압과 흡연의 인구집단의 수준에 관계없이 관상동맥질환(coronary heart disease)의 발생은 드문 것으로 보고가 되고 있으므로 당분간 관상동맥질환 발생률의 급속한 절대적인 증가는 힘드리라 사료된다. 그러나 이러한 결과는 본 연구의 대상자들이 대표성을 지니지 못하며 건강검진센터에 자발적으로 내원한 사람들이므로 해석에 주의를 요한다. Authors examined the distributions of the risk factors for the coronary heart disease in the 422 male (69.9%) and 182 female (30.1%) visitors to the health examination center of a university hospital located in Taegu March to August 1991. Mean age of males was 43.3(standard deviation, SD 10.3) and that of females was 44.4(SD 10.8). Total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL), systolic blood pressure, Quetelet index, and Type A Behavior Pattern, and some of life habit variables(alcohol intake, smoking, regular exercise, milk and coffee intake and sleeping) were statistically significant in age groups of the males(P<0.05). In the females, TC, TG and LDL, systolic and diastolic pressure, Quetelet index, coffee intake and sleeping were statistically significant in age groups (P<0.05). Mean of total cholesterol was 181.7㎎/dl(SD,32.2) in males and that of females was 182.5㎎/dl(SD,42.2). Most of the risk factors levels were lower than the Euro-Americans', while smokers were high with 61.8%, especially 72.9% in 20-29 age group and 75.2% in 30-39 age group in males. In females, smokers were just 6.0%. Hypertensives defined by more than 90mmHg diastolic pressure were 24.7% in females, particularly 53.1% in 50-59 age group, but size of the strata was rather small(N=49). In the light of the report that coronary heart disease is uncommon irrespective of population levels of smoking and hypertension, where average total blood cholesterol level in a population is low(<200mg/dl), it is not likely that the absolute increase of the number of the coronary heart disease will increase markedly in the near future. But cautions should be exercised in interpreting the results of this study due to the lack of representativeness and volunteerism. .

흰쥐 視床下部 神經細胞의 [met]^(G4635)-enkephalin과 Oxytocin 同所存在性에 關한 免疫組織化學的 硏究

李永植,李永基,張家鏞,趙斗英 서울醫大 1990 精神醫學 Vol.15 No.2

국가예방접종전산등록체계 개발을 위한 민간의료 기관 하부구조 및 환경 조사연구

이무식,김은영,이건세,이석구,홍지영,김건엽,김대경,신의철,이연경,기몽서,나백주,김영택 한국모자보건학회 2003 한국모자보건학회지 Vol.7 No.2

소아청소년 크리닉을 내원한 소아외래 환자에 관한 임상적 고찰

이영식,이길홍 중앙대부설한국의과학연구소 1991 한국의과학 Vol.23 No.4

족저압력분포 측정장비를 이용한 골프 스윙시 족저압 분석

이동기,이중숙,이범진,이훈식,김용재,박승범,주종필 한국운동역학회 2005 한국운동역학회지 Vol.15 No.1

D. K. LEE, J. S. LEE, B. J. LEE, H. S. LEE, Y. J. KIM, S. B. PARK, J. P. JOO. PIantar foot pressure analysis during golf swing motion using plantar foot pressure measurement system. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 75-89, 2005. In this study, weight carrying pattern analysis and comparison method of four foot region were suggested. We used three types of club(driver, iron7, pitching wedge). This analysis method can compare between top class golfer and beginner. And the comparison data can be used to correct the swing pose of trainee. If motion analysis system, which can measure the swing speed and instantaneous acceleration at the point of hitting a ball, is combined with this plantar foot force analysis method, new design development of golf shoes to increase comfort and ball flight distance will be available. 1. Address acting, forces concentrated in rare foot regions and lateral foot of right foot. Back swing top acting, relatively high force occurred in medial forefoot region of left foot and forefoot region of right foot. Impact acting, high force value observed in the lateral rarefoot region of left foot and medial forefoot region of right foot. Finish acting, force concentration observed on the lateral region and rarefoot region of left foot. 2. Forces were increased in address of right foot with clubs length increased. All clubs, back swing top acting, high force value observed in the lateral forefoot region of right foot. All clubs, in impact, high force value observed in the lateral rarefoot region of left foot and medial forefoot region of right foot. Finish acting, force concentration observed on the rarefoot region in driver and lateral foot region in iron on left foot. 3. Right foot forces distribution were increased in address, back swing top and left foot force distribution were increased in impact, finnish

B형 만성 활동성 간염 환자에서 Prednisolone 단기이탈 및 Alpha Interferon 병합요법의 효과

이종선,김병호,성자원,허승식,이기천,정현용,이헌영,김영건 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1991 충남의대잡지 Vol.18 No.2

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Pd withdrawal followed by recombinant alpha- Interferon 2b therapy. Nine patients were given a single daily subcutaneous injection of ^α-Interferon at a dose of 3 x 10 exp(6) units/day for first weeks and thrice weekly for next 15 weeks (maintenance) after pd tappered over 6 weeks. To evaluate the efficacy of therapy, we measured serum aminotransferase activities monthly during and after therapy, and also measured serm HBsAg, HBeAg and DNA probe before and after therapy. To evaluate the safety of therapy, all patients checked peripheral blood WBC, Hemoglobin, Platelet, BUN and Creatinine. The results were as follows : 1. In control group, the normalization of s-AST & ALT level, negative seroconversion of DNA probe & HBeAg were observed in 1/12(8%) & 7/10(17%), 0/10(0%) & 0/12(0%) at 6 months later, and maintained response in 1/11(9%) & 1/11(9%), 2/9(22%) & 2/11(18%) until 1 years later. 2. In treatment group, Serum AST and ALT returned to normal in 8/9 & 8/9 cases (89%) after 1 montns Tx. (mean serum AST : 33±8, ALT : 34±12 IU/ml) and maintained to normal response in 5/9(56%) & 6/9 cases(67%)after 6 months Tx. (mean s-AST : 55±43, ALT : 66±84 IU/ml), 3/9(33%) & 4/9 cases(44%) after 1 years Tx. It was statistically significant reponse except s-AST of after 1 years Tx. 3. In treatment group, s- HBeAg returned to normal in 3/9 cases(33%) after 1 months Tx., and maintained to normal response in 1/7 & 1/4 cases among follow up patients in after 6 & 12 months Tx. Serm DNA probe level were observed significantly negative seroconversion in 8/9 cases(89%) after 1 months Tx. (p<0.003), and maintained to negative response in 2/6 & 1/3 cases after 6 & 12 months Tx. 4. Serum AST, ALT, HBeAg and DNA probe were not significantly correlated with therapeutic response in relation to histologic diagnosis. 5. Fever and myalgia were noted in 9(100%) & 6(67%) cases. Headache, mild hair loss, anorexia, nausea, facial flushing & diarrhea were noted in few cases. Peripheral WBC(3cases) & platelet counts(3cases) were decreased transiently. This study shows that Pd withdrawal followed by recombinant alpha Interferon 2b therapy may be safe and effective in decrease the level of s-DNA probe, transaminase activity, loss of HBeAg and less adverse effect of clinical and hematologic examinations in patients with CAH type B. But it was necessary for study with large number of patients, more prolonged follow up duration and more strict control study.

경남지역의 토양 및 농작물중 게르마늄 함량

이성태,이영한,이홍재,조주식,허종수 한국환경농학회 2005 한국환경농학회지 Vol.24 No.1

양질의 기능성 농산물 생산을 위하여 게르마늄의 농업적 이용에 대한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 경남지역의 토양을 중심으로 지역, 지형, 토양유형 및 토성별 게르마늄 함량과 자연상태에서 재배한 농작물별 게르마늄 함량을 조사하여 그 분포특성을 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 토양중 게르마늄 함량을 분석할 결과 성남지역 논 토양 평균 함량은 0.24 mg/kg 이었고, 마산시, 진주시 및 하동군 지역이 0.30 mg/kg 이상으로 높았다. 지형별로는 홍적대지가 0.26 mg/kg으로 약간 높았으나 지형에 따른 큰 차이는 없었다. 토양유형별 게르마늄 함량은 보통답이 0.27 mg/kg으로 사질답과 습답에 비하여 높았으며, 토성별로는 미사질양토가 0.27 mg/kg으로 비교적 높았다. 일반농작물중 게르마늄 함량은 곡류>채소류>과일류 순으로 높았고, 쌀과 보리는 각각 약 68 및 48 μg/kg의 게르마늄을 함유하고 있었으며, 단감과 배는 각각 약 11 및 23 μg/kg으로 전반직으로 낮을 수준이었다. 채소류중 게르마늄 함량은 엽채류>근채류>과채류 순으로 높았으며 특히 상추와 열무중 게르마늄 함량이 각각 약 62 및 65 μg/kg으로서 높았다. 약용작물중 게르마늄 함량을 신선초(Angelica keiskei), 토천궁(Ligusticum chuanxiong), 인삼(Panax ginseng), 삽주(Atractylodes macrocephala), 백지(Angelica dahurica), 맥문동(Liriope platyphylla) 및 도라지(Platycodon grandiflorum)에서 100 μg/kg 이상으로 게르마늄 함량이 높았으며, 선학초(Agrimonia pilose) 및 일당귀(angelica acutiloba)의 함량은 각각 37 및 30 μg/kg으로 낮았다. To investigate the germanium content in paddy soil in Gyeongnam province, 310 paddy soil samples were collected at 19 areas in Gyeongnam, Ulsan and Busan. Contents of germanium in paddy soils were analyzed in different topographies, soil types and soil textures. Average content of germanium in Gyeongnam was 0.24 mg/kg, those of Masan, Jinju and Hadong were above 0.30 mg/kg. Germanium content with different topographies were no difference. Germanium contents in different soil types were 0.27 mg/kg in well adapted soil and 0.23 mg/kg in poorly drained soil. Germanium contents in different soil textures were 0.27 mg/kg in silt loam and 0.23 mg/kg in sandy loam. To determine germanium content on agricultural product in the field, content of germanium in cereals, vegetables and fruits were analyzed. Germanium content of agricultural product was high in the order of cereals>vegetables>fruits. In case of vegetables, germanium contents were high in the order of leaf vegetables>root vegetables>fruit vegetables. Germanium contents were high with 62 and 65 μg/kg in lettuce and young radish, respectively. To analyze the germanium content in medicinal plant, samples were collected from 19 medicinal plants at Hamyang areas. Germanium contents in Angelica keiskei, Ligusticum chuan wng, Panay ginseng and Atractylodes nacrocephala were relatively high with 100 μg/kg above.