심근경색 모델 흰쥐에서 스트레스가 B-type Natriuretic Peptide 발현 및 심박변이율 변화에 미치는 영향

이삼윤(Sam Youn Lee),이미경(Mi Kyoung Lee),김남호(Nam-ho Kim),주민철(Min Cheol Joo),조항정(Hyang Jeong Jo),강지숙(Ji Sook Kang),김병숙(Byung Sook Kim),윤선식(Sun Sik Yoon),최을식(Eul Sig Choi),이문영(Moon Young Lee) 대한스트레스학회 2010 스트레스硏究 Vol.18 No.3

심박변이율의 감소는 심근 경색 환자에서 예후의 악화와 관련되어 있다. 심박변이율 중 very low frequency가 심부전환자의 예후를 판단할 수 있는 독립적 인자로서 사용이 가능하다고 보고된 바 있으며, 심실의 압력 증가에 반응해서 생성되는 B-type natriuretic peptide가 심근 경색의 예후 인자로서 사용할 수 있음 역시 보고된 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 심근경색 모델을 제작하여 일정의 회복 기간을 거친 다음 다시 일정 기간의 스트레스를 겪게 한 후 심박변이율의 변화 및 심실 조직에서의 BNP 발현 정도를 비교하여 스트레스에 의한 영향을 관찰하고자 하였다. Sprague-Dawley계 수컷 흰쥐 15마리를 대상으로 하였다. 실험동물은 인위적 스트레스 및 수술을 받지 않은 대조군(CON, n=5), 심근경색 수술을 받은 후 restraint stress를 받지 않은 군(MI+No Stress, n=5), 심근경색 수술을 받은 후 1주일 동안 restraint stress를 받은 군(MI+Stress, n=5)으로 분류하였다. 심근경색 모델 제작 직후 15분 이상 심전도의 변화를 기록하였으며, 2개월 정도 후 심근경색 수술을 받은 동물을 두 군으로 나누어 그 중 한 군에는 1주일 동안 restraint stress를 가한 후 restraint stress를 가하지 않은 동물과 심박변이율을 비교 분석하였다. 심실 조직은 좌심실 전벽 부위의 위축을 관찰할 수 있었고, 대식세포에 의하여 응고, 괴사된 심근세포의 탐식과 혈관이 풍부한 육아조직 및 섬유 변화를 볼 수 있었다. 심박변이율은 심근경색 수술을 받은 직후 심박수는 유의한 증가를 보였고, standard deviation of the normal to normal intervals (SDNN), very low frequency (VLF) 및 low frequency (LF)의 유의한 감소를 보였다. 심근경색 수술을 받았던 동물에서 두 달 정도의 회복 기간을 거친 후 스트레스를 받지 않은 군은 심박수 및 기타 심박변이율 분석에서 SDNN 값을 제외하고는 정상군과 유의한 차이를 관찰할 수 없었던 반면 1주일 동안 스트레스를 받은 군에서는 심박수가 다시 유의하게 증가했을 뿐만 아니라 SDNN, VLF 및 LF 역시 정상군과 유의한 차이를 보였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 심근경색 동물에 대해 1주일 동안 스트레스를 가한 결과 심박변이율이 감소하고 심실에서의 BNP 발현은 더욱 증가하여 악화함을 보여주고 있다. Diminished heart rate variability (HRV) is associated with less favorable prognosis after myocardial infarction (MI). It has been reported that very low frequency (VLF) power in HRV analysis is an independent risk predictor in patients with congestive heart failure and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) can be used as a prognostic factor of MI. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether stress has an effect to the changes of BNP expression and/or heart rate variability in MI model in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups: control group (CON), MI group (MI+No Stress), and MI followed by stress group (MI+Stress). MI+Stress group rats were raised for a two month recovery period after the operation, followed by being exposed to restraint stress for 2 hours per day for 1 week. Electrocardiogram was recorded after the operation and the last day after 1 week of stress. The frequency components of HRV were calculated in the frequency domain such as VLF, low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF) and so on. In HRV analysis, standard deviation of the normal to normal intervals (SDNN) was significantly reduced in both groups compared to the control group. VLF and LF also were significantly reduced in MI+Stress group compared to the control groups. In addition, BNP expression in western blotting was shown the strongest bands in MI+ Stress group among experimental groups. These results suggest that BNP and HRV were aggravated by stress in MI rat model. (Korean J Str Res 2010;18:275∼285)

남자대학생의 흡연태도와 행동에 관한 연구

강경진,김정미,민혜영,안소진,오경숙,은경희,이현,이희선,홍주미,김수지 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2003 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.37

There have been so many researches about problems of cigarettes and relation of smoking and heath since 1950's and generally known that smoking is one of the worst factor of increasing disease and mortality. No matter what such many proofs about various problems of smoking have been researched, smoking rate of current male collage students has not been decreased. Besides, most of the researches about cigarette use and its addiction have been focused on the adolescent or adult women smokers or adult male, not male collage student. Therefore, the subject of this study is about smoking attitude and smoking behavior of male collage students by general features. Smoking attitude was analyzed by modifying 'Guidelines for the content of tobacco smoking surveys of the general population'(WHO, 1982). Two hundred of male collage students participated to the distributed questionnaire for one week in May. The smoking attitude was categorized into duration of smoking and number of cigarette per day(CPD), and nicotine dependency, investigated by Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire(FTQ) (Fagerstorm & Schneider, 1989). All statistics were performed by procedure of SAS according to number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and ANOVA. The results are as follows: 1. Smoking attitude level was mean 25.73±5.15 marks, ranging from 13 to 39 marks of the total 40 marks. 2. Duration of cigarettes, number of cigarette per day, and nicotine dependency were mean 5.14±2.84 years, 12.88±6.85 pieces, and 4.78±1.69, respectively. 3. Smoking attitude showed significance according to general features such as marital state and allowance, but the significance according to marital state is not valuable because the numerical difference is so big between married one and single that they cannot be compared with each other. 4. Duration of smoking was significant according to general features such as age and allowance. 5. Smoking amount showed significance the factors of age only. 6. ll1ere was no significance in nicotine dependency according to general features. As a result, smoking attitude of male collage student in this study shows moderate level. Smoking attitude and duration is significant according to allowance, and smoking amount is significant according to age. Nicotine dependency according to general features is not significant but comparing with the preceding study about adult male, male collage students in this study are respectively more nicotine-dependent than adult male smokers. In conclusion, the right allowance usage strategies and effective heath education focused on the young are needed. In addition, helpful programs and information spreading strategies are necessary for establishing higher level of smoking attitude. At last, systemic regulations in daily living for ""anti-nico-dependent"" and perspective reforming of male university student are needed for reducing nicotine dependency.

절수에 의한 Mongolian Gerbil 장기중량변화에 관한 분석연구

김무강,이기훈,이강이,송치원,이경열,권효정,박미선,정승혁,이행연,김명철 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 2000 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.8 No.-

In this study, authors measured the each organ weight of the long term water deprived Mongolian gerbil, after then we calculated the mean, standard deviation, variance coefficient of the real measured organ weight and induced the organ weight change quantity, rate of quantity, deviation between measured and theological organ weight, deviation rate, sum of deviation rate, organ weight change rate, rate of organ weight by the mathematical formula. The results obtained as follow 1. The weight of the brains, lung, and testis were abruptly decreased after water deprived until the 5th day, after then slowly decreased until the 20th day. 2. The weight of the heart was decreased gradually from the first day until the 20th day. 3. The weight of the liver was abruptly decreased until the 10th day, after then the more slowly decreased until the 20th day. 4. The weight of the thymus, spleen, kidney, and pancreas were abruptly decreased until the 15th day, after then increased slowly until 20th day but the weight of the kidney was abruptly increased from the 10th day. 5. The organ weight change rate and the rate of the each day organ weight were very diversified.

아동들의 스트레스 생활사건과 대처방법 및 사회적 지지와의 관계연구

이강오,나덕미,박경애 조선의대 1995 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.20 No.2

지역사회 기혼 여성의 우울 증상에 영향을 미치는 변인 : 가족내 관계 만족 변인 및 갈등대처 방식을 중심으로

이경미,최윤경,강이헌,이민수 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.2

연구목적 본 연구는 지역사회 기혼 여성의 우울 증상을 사회적이고 대인관계적 측면에서 이해하고자 하는 맥락에서 살펴보고자 하였다. 방법 00시에 거주하는 기혼여성 632명을 대상으로 하여 Beck 우울증 척도, 결혼 전반적 불만족 척도, 자녀불만족 척도, 갈등 대처 방안 척도 등을 실시하였다. 통계방법으로는 기술통계분석, 상관, χ²검증, 일원변량분석, 단계적 중다회귀분석, 위계적 회귀분석을 사용하였다. 결과 학력, 수입, 부모의 관계, 학대경험, 시부모 관계만족, 결혼불만족, 자녀불만족, 이성적 대처, 감정 · 행동표출, 회피 행동에서 우울수준에 따른 집단간 차이가 유의미하였다. 또한 이들 변인 중 결혼불만족이 현재 우울증상에 대한 설명력이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났고, 다음으로 자녀불만족, 회피 행동, 시부모 관계만족 순이었다(총설명변량=36.1%). 갈등대처방식 중 이성적 대처와 회피가 가족관계 만족변인과 우울을 잠정적이지만 유의미하게 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 지역사회 기혼 여성의 상당수가 우울 증상을 경험하고 있어 이에 대한 치료적 개입이 시급하며 특히 부부 관계를 포함한 가족 관계에 대한 탐색 및 접근이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 특히 갈등대처방식이 유의미하게 관계 만족과 우울을 매개하므로, 우울증의 치료에 있어 효과적인 갈등 대처 방식 및 사회적 문제 해결 기술을 포함시킴으로써 치료 효과를 높일 수 있을 것으로 시사된다. Objectives : The purposes of this study were to investigate depressive symptoms among married women and to their Understand depression through social and interpersonal factors. Methods : The subjects were consisted of 632 married women who lived in 00 city. They completed the Beck Depression Inventory, Marital Global Distress Scale, Dissatisfaction with Children Scale, and Conflict-coping Method Scale. Descriptive statistics, correlation, χ²-test, ANOVA, step-wise regression, and hierarchical regression were applied to analyze the data. Results : ANOVA analysis showed the differences in education, income, experience of abuse, parent-in-law relationship, marital global distress, dissatisfaction with children, rational coping, emotion/action-expression coping, and avoidant coping among the non-depressive group, mildly depressive group, and depressive group. Step-wise regression showed that the variance of the current depressive symptoms was accounted for by marital global distress, dissatisfaction with children, avoidance coping method, and satisfaction with parent-in-law (total account=36.1%). It was found that the rational coping method and avoidance coping method significantly mediated the relationship between the satisfaction with family relation and depressive symptoms. Conclusion : Therapeutic interventions for the married women experiencing depressive symptoms showed include their marital relationship. Based on the finding that the conflict coping methods mediated the association between the depressive symptoms and the family relation satisfaction, the effective conflict coping skills or social problem solving skills should be included in the interventions for married women.

청정지역과 도시지역의 오존농도 특성 연구

장광미,강창희,서명석,허철구,박경윤,이호근,김영준 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1996 基礎科學硏究 Vol.9 No.2

A study has been performed on the characteristics of rural and urban surface ozone concentration for the period of March 1992 to February 1993. The monitoring station of rural ozone is located at Kosan, Cheju and other urban monitoring stations are located at Seoul, Pusan and Kwangju. Rural's and urban's ozone data exhibit a distinct features in many ways. First, annual mean of rural ozone concentration is very high(42 ppbv) but urban's are very low(10~15 ppbv). Second, rural ozone data shows a seasonal variation with it's maximum in spring, and minimum in summer, but urban's show a seasonal variation with it's maximum in spring, and minimum in winter. Third, diurnal variation of rural data is very small but that of urban's are very large. Fourth, monthly mean of daily minimum of rural data is not low and shows a large seasonal variation, but those of urban's data are extremely low(<3 ppbv) and have no seasonal variations.

제주도 고산에서 수용성 에어로졸의 화학적 성분 분석

장광미,이호근,강창희,허철구,박경윤,서명석 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1996 基礎科學硏究 Vol.9 No.2

Atmospheric aerosols were collected by a High Volume Tape Sampler from March 1992 to December 1993 at Kosan, Cheju, korea. The water soluble ion concentrations in aerosol were analyzed. The concentrations of cations(Na+, K+, Ca²+, Mg²+, NH₄+) were determined by an Inductively Coupled Plazma(ICP) or an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer(AAS), and those of anions(Cl-, NO₃-, SO₄²-) were analayzed by the capillary electrophoresis method. The Ca²+, SO₄²-and NO₃- concentrations in spring were higher than those in other seasons. The lowest concentrations of these elements were found in summer, largely due to scavenging by frequent rains. Especially the ca²+ concentration on April was three to four times higher than the annual mean concentration. The enrichment factor(E.F.) of each element was calculated. The annual mean E.F. values of the Ca²+, Mg²+ and Cl- in 1992 were the same as those in 1993 except K+ and SO₄²-. The correlation formula between all cations and anions for the whole period was Anions=0.759xCations+0.066.

ICR mouse 체중성장에 관한 연구

이경열,김무강,박미선,김길수 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 2001 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.9 No.-

Authors analyze the growth quantities and several factors including in the health ICR mouse by the growth formula utilizing the mean of measured ICR mouse body weight from 3 th week to 8th week. The result were as followings. 1. The variance coefficient of deviation to the mean was lower than 30 percent in all groups. 2. The growth quantities of male was larger than female in body weights of the all group, and body weight of the male and female was gradually increased from 3th week to 8th week. 3. The deviation between the measured and theological body weight of the ICR mouse was below the 2g in all groups of male and female. 4. the deviation precent to the theological growth quantities was below than 5,6% and 11% in male and female group. 5. The sum of the deviation percent of the theological growth quantities of the each group in male and female was 1.69% and 2.3%. thus measured and theological body weight was almost coincidence in all measured weeks. 6. The growth rate of the each week was larger in the 3th week in male and female, after then the growth rate of the male and female was gradually decreased. 7. The specific growth rate of the growth rate to the growth quantities in male and female was largest in the 3th week, after that the rat was gradually decreased.

한국무용 기본동작의 교수학습방법 : 한국무용 기본동작 수행시 운동강도 측정을 중심으로

공미애,심경미,김서영,강희성 이화여자대학교 교과교육연구소 2008 교과교육학연구 Vol.12 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 한국무용 기본동작 수행 시 운동강도를 생리학적 지표인 심박수와 최대산소섭취량을 직접 측정하여 한국무용학습에 정보를 제공하는데 있다. 특별한 심폐혈관계 질환이 없고, 본 논문의 목적 및 실험절차에 대한 설명을 듣고 실험참여에 동의한 10년 이상의 경력을 가진 한국모용수를 6명을 대상으로 NASA가 개발한 소형 포터블 대사측정장비(Aero Sport KB1-C)를 부착하고, 총 14분 동안 한국무용 기본동작을 실시하여 심박수와 최대산소섭취량, 에너지 소모량 등을 직접 측정한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 한국무용 기본동작 수행 시 최대 심박수는 평균 183±7.14 beat/min 이었으며, 평균 심박수는 141.4±12.27 beat/min으로 최대심박수의 72.5%에 해당하는 것이다. 한국무용 기본동작 수행 시 산소섭취량은 1.46±0.11ℓ/min(30± 1.43㎖/㎏/min)으로 58.6±3.28%VO₂max에 해당하는 것이다. 한국무용 기본동작 수행 시 평균 에너지 소모량은 7.73±1.22 Kcal/min이며, 총에너지 소모량(14분동안)은 108.17±17.05Kcal로 나타났다. 또한 평균 에너지 소모량 중에서 지방의 소모량은88.7±5.97%, 탄수화물의 소모량은 4.87±4.88%로 나타났다. 본 실험에서 한국무용 기본동작은 유산소적 운동으로써, 개인의 신체적성을 고려한 운동프로그램으로 조절하여 활용한다면 충분한 운동효과를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 앞으로 본 연구의 결과를 활용하여 에어로빅 동작과의 운동강도 수준을 비교하는 후속연구와 함께 피검자수를 늘린 연구가 필요하다. The purpose of this study is to directly measure the maximal oxygen uptake, heart rate, calory consumption and METs during Korean dance exercise as an exercise intensity. Six women Korean dancers who have the career more than 6 years were recruited as subjects. All subjects wore the NASA's potable metabolic measurement instrument(Aero Sport KB!-C) and underwent the 14 minute's korean dance exercise program twice. All data were recorded in Aero Sport KB1-C automatically. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Maximal Heart Rates(HRmax) during basic korean dance exercise were 187.0±7.14beats/min, and mean HR was 141.4±12.27 beats/min. This mean HR corresponded to 72.5%HRmax. 2. Oxygen Uptake(VO2) was 1.46 l/min(30ml/kg/min) and correspond to 58.6±3.28% VO2max. 3. Mean calory consumption was 7.73±1.22 Kcal/min and total Kcal consumption during 14minute's korean dance exercise movement was 108.2±17.05 Kcal. Fat consumed 88.7+5.97%,carbohydrate 4.87±4.88% consumed in mean energy consumption. From the discussion above results, The intensity of Korean dance exercise basic movements was sufficient to increase cardiovascular endurance. Further researches which contained more subjects were needed in the future.

일부 부인과 양성 질환자의 지방조직 및 혈청의 PCBs와 DDE 농도

박성균,이강숙,노영만,구정완,민선영,한진구,고원경,김미란,정재근,이종승,김진홍 大韓産業醫學會 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.1

목적 : 본 연구는 지방조직과 혈청의 PCBs와 DDE 농도를 측정하고, 이에 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려진 요인들과의 관련성을 평가하고자 하였다. 방법 : 유방암, 자궁내막증 등 유기염소계 화합물의 영향이 있는 것으로 알려진 호르몬 관련 질병을 제외한 부인과 환자 52명을 대상으로 지방조직과 혈청을 분석하였으며, 설문조사를 통하여 연령, 교육수준, 직업, 비만도, 흡연과 음주, 출산력, 수유력등을 조사하였다. 지방조직과 혈청의 PCBs와 DDE 농도는 가스크로마토그래피를 사용하여 측정하였다. 결과 : 지방조직의 경우, 13개 PCBs congeners 농도의 합은 중앙값이 48.29 ng/g, 기하평균값이 56.78 ng/g이었고, DDE 농도는 중앙값이 142.89ng/g, 기하평균값이 117.06 ng/g이었으며, 혈청의 경우는 PCBs congeners 농도의 합은 중앙값이 4.67 ㎍/L, 기하평균값이 4.85 ㎍/L이었고, DDE 농도는 중앙값이 1.75 ㎍/L, 기하평균값이 2.09 ㎍/L로 나타났다. 지방조직과 혈청의 DDE 농도 사이는 높은 상관성을 보였으나(r²=0.310, p=0,0002), PCBs는 상관성이 약한 것으로 나타났다(r²=0.029, p=0.2582). 영향요인을 범주화한 후 로그변환 시킨 지방조직과 혈청의 PCBs, DDE 평균의 차이를 분석한 결과, 지방조직의 DDE만이 출산자녀수(p=0.015), 초산연령 (p=0.014), 비만지수(p=0.035)와 연관성이 발견되었다 다중회귀분석의 결과 지방조직의 DDE는 출산자녀수가 적을수록, 초산연령이 늦을수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 결론 : 출산자녀수와 초산연령, 비만도가 지방조직의 DDE와 관련성을 보였으며, 또한 유기염소계 화합물의 장기간의 노출에 의한 영향을 평가하는데 있어서 혈청보다 지방조직이 더 유용한 생물지표임을 알 수 있었다. Objectives : This study was purposed to determine the levels of PCBs and DDE in adipose tissue and serum and to evaluate the relations with factors affecting these levels. Methods : We analyzed adipose tissues and sera from 52 gynecologic benign disease patients aged 27-78 years, except hormonal diseases such as breast cancer and endometriosis. We also surveyed age, education, occupation, body mass index (BMI), smoking, drinking, number of children, and duration of breastfeeding by questionnaires. Tissue and serum levels of PCBs and DDE were measured using gas chromatography. Results : The median and geometric mean levels of PCBs were 48.29 ng/g, 56.78 ng/g for adipose tissue and 4.67 ㎍/L, 4.85 ㎍/L for serum, and those of DDE were 142.89 ng/g, 117.06 ng/g for adipose tissue and 1.75 ㎍/L, 2.09 ㎍/L for serum, respectively. Adipose tissue and serum levels for DDE showed high correlation (r²=0.310, p=0.0002), but those of PCBs didn't (r²=0.029, p=0.2582). In analyses of the differences of the means of log transformed adipose tissue and serum PCBs and DDE levels for groups of potential covariates, only adipose tissue DDE levels were significantly associated with number of children (p=0.015), age at first birth (p=0.074) and BMI (p=0.035). In multiple regression analysis, adipose tissue DDE levels were significantly increased with decreasing number of children and increasing age at first birth. Conclusions : This study suggested that parity and adiposity were associated with levels of DDE in adipose tissue, and adipose tissue is a better biomarker than serum for evaluating the long-term exposure of organochlorines.