태음인 알러지 鼻炎 患者 / 이경열

이경열 체형사상학회 2015 체형사상학회지 Vol.- No.38

화랑곡나방의 방제를 위한 열과 규조토 혼용처리 상승효과

김한나,구진모,유연수,이경열 한국응용곤충학회 2014 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.04

화랑곡나방(Plodia interpunctella)은 전 세계적으로 분포하고 있는 저장, 가공 농산물의 해충으로서 심각한 피해를 끼치고 있으며, 기존의 열처리 방법은 50-60℃의 조건에서 48시간 이상 고온처리가 요구된다. 그러나 이 조건은 비용 및 시간이 많이 들므로 개선할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 열처리의 효율을 높이기 위하여 규조토를 복합처리 함으로 기존의 열처리 조건보다 훨씬 더 효과적이고 경제적인 방법을 개발하고자 하였다. 화랑곡나방의 발육단계 중 열 저항성이 가장 큰 방황기 유충을 대상으로 상온(25℃)과 40℃의 조건으로 규조토를 혼용처리 하였다. 실험 결과 방황기 유충은 25℃에서 24시간 후 살충률이 0%, 40℃에서는 28.3%였다. 방황기 유충에 4 ㎎/L의 규조토를 처리하였을 경우, 25℃에서 0%와 40℃에서 100%의 살충률을 관찰하였다. 즉, 규조토와 함께 열처리를 할 경우 살충 효능이 증가했다. 이 효과는 스트레스 유전자 shsp, hsp70, hsp90 발현 패턴에서도 살충률 실험결과와 같은 패턴으로 관찰 된다. 본 연구를 통하여 열처리 시 규조토를 혼용함으로써 기존의 열처리 조건보다 낮은 온도에서 저장 곡물 해충의 방제효과를 증가시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

뇌졸중 예방에 좋은 식생활

이경열 연세대학교 의과대학 혈관대사연구소 2016 We & You Vol.3 No.1

경동맥 질환의 진단과 관리

이경열 연세대학교 의과대학 혈관대사연구소 2014 We & You Vol.1 No.2

Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 와 Sodium Lauroyl Glutamate에 의한 피부 자극반응

이경열,신경열,박천욱,이철헌 ( Kyung Ywal Lee,Kyung Yul Shin,Chun Wook Park,Cheol Heon Lee ) 대한피부과학회 1997 대한피부과학회지 Vol.35 No.3

Background: Sodium lauryl sulfate(SLS) is the most widely utilized model for studying acute and cumulative irritation. Sodium lauroyl glutamate(SLG) has exhibited a low irritation potential and an anti-irritating effect on other anionic surfactants. Objective : Our study was done to compare the skin irritancy of SLS and SLG using non-in- vasive techniques. Methods : Patches with 1% SLS and SLG solution were applied to the volar forearm of 20 healthy volunteers for 24 h. Finn chambers with 8mm(20pl) and 12mm(60pl) inner diameters were used. Visual scores, transepidermal water loss(TEWL) and an erythema(E)-index were measured at 30 min after removal of the patches, and every 24hours(h) up to 4 days. Results : The results are summarized as follows. 1. Visual scores were 0.20+0.30(8mm) and 0.73+0.34(12mm) at 24 h after removal of 1% SLS and were 0.15+0.29(8mm) and 0.30+0.41(12mm) at 24 h after removal of 1% SLG. They were increased at 30 min and 24 h after removal and decreased towards normal at 4 days after removal. By chamber size, the skin response with large Firin chamber(12mm) increased more significantly than with the small Finn chamber(8mm). In the small Finn chamber, there were no significant differences in the skin response between 1% SLS and 1% SLG. In the large Finn chamber, the skin response with 1% SLS increased more significantly than with 1% SLG. 2. TEWL values were 11.14+4.77(8mm) and 20.48+10.61(12mm) at 24 h after removal of 1 % SLS and were 10.38+3.99 and 14.87+7.46 at 24 h after removal of 1% SLG. They were increased at 30 min after removal and decreased towards normal 4 days after removal. By chamber size, their results were the same as the visual scores. Also, on comparison between 1% SLS and 1% SLG, their results were the same as the visual scores. 3. E-index was 10.05+2.70(8mm) and 11.15+2.56(12mm) at 24 h after removal of 1% SLS and was 10.15+2.16 and 10.60+2.26 at 24 h after removal of 1% SLG. They were increased at 30 min after removal and decreased towards normal 4 days after removal. By chamber size, their results were the same as the visual scores. In the small and large Finn chamber, there were no significant differences in the skin response between 1% SLS and 1% SLG. Conclusion : SLS is more irritating than SLG. The large Finn chamber may be more suitable to yield positive irritant reactions than the small Finn chamber. Also, TEWL measurements may be a more accurate and sensitive method than the E-index. (Kor J Dermatol 1997;35(3): 491-498)

절수에 의한 mongolian gerbil의 체중 변화에 관한 연구

이경열,송치원,김무강,조성환,류시윤,김상근,박배근 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 1996 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.4 No.-

Recently, the mongolian gerbils have been used in neurology and the study of water metabolism because of their easy onset of epileptic seizure and typical resistance to water deprivation. The sebaceous glands which are under the control of the gonadal hrmones are differently developed from the other laboratory animals. However the physiological data on the changes of body weight following water deprivation in mongolian gerbils is not available until now. In order to investigate the effect of the water deprivation on the body weight, the animals were deprived of water for 15 days. The body weights were measured daily by the torsion balance. The mean, the standard deviation, the standard error and the coefficient of variance of the body weights were calculated. The correlation was examined. The potential regression equation was y = 61.5458 - 2.0533 * x + 0.0487 * x^2. The regression coefficient was 0.993. The results obtained were as follows : 1. The body weights of the mongolian gerbils were continuously decrased from the 1st day to the 15th day after the water deprivation. 2. The mean body weight on the water deprivation was 63.0±7.00g and that at the 15th day was 41.4 ± 5.42g. 3. The coefficients of the variance showed the highest (13.09) at the 15th day and the lowest (10.10) at the 10th day. the coefficients of the variance kept decreasing until the 10th day and thereafter gradually increased until the 15th day. 4. The changing rate of the body weight kept continuously decreasing from the 1st day to the 15th day showing the daily loss of 1.0 - 3.3%. 5.The deviations (M - QBW) between the measured values (m) and the theorical values (QBW) using the regression equation showed the highest (1.494) at the 1st day and the lowest (0.053) at the 13th day. 6. The sum of the devitions was 0.179 and that of the deviation square was 1.15. The sum of the deviation rates between the mesaured body weights and the theorical ones was 0.484. 7. The daily body weight loss showed the highest at the 1st day by 2.053g and the lowest at the 15th day by 0.591g. 8. The specific body weight changing rates which were the rate of the body weight changing velocity to the changed body weight were decreased from 0.033% at the 1st day to 0.014% at the 15th day.

IMO 제54차 항해안전전문위원회(NAV) 참석결과 보고

이경열,Lee, Gyeong-Yeol 선박안전기술공단 2009 선박안전 Vol.26 No.-

메타버스 공간의 신종범죄와 형사입법대책: 메타버스 범죄 2.0을 중심으로

이경열,이준영 한국형사정책학회 2023 형사정책 Vol.34 No.4

메타버스는 현실세계와 가상세계 공간이 상호작용함으로써 생긴 새로운 플랫폼의 형태로 기존의 온라인 공간이나 게임 등과는 차이점이 존재한다. 사용자는 메타버스의 네가지 유형에 따라 서로 다른 편의성과 유희성을 제공하는 서비스를 누리면서 현실세계의 사회·경제·문화 활동의 영역을 가상세계와 온라인 공간으로 확장할수 있게 됐다. 사용자는 메타버스 공간에서 아바타를 통해 현실과 같은 의사소통이가능하고, 사용자 자신의 창작물을 만들어 낼 수 있으며, 세계 속에 구현된 독자적인경제 체계에 따라 특정 아이템을 매매하는 등의 거래도 가능하다. 뿐만 아니라 현실세계로 가상의 영상을 덧입히거나 현실세계를 그대로 모방한 가상의 세계를 창조하는 등 온라인과 오프라인의 영역이 새롭게 병합하고 있다. 하지만 메타버스 기술이 발전하면서 새로운 유형의 범죄 역시 증가하고 있는데, 기존의 형사법으로 다스릴 수 있는 부분도 존재하나 완전히 새롭게 등장하는 유형역시 존재한다. 이에 새롭게 등장하게 될 미래의 가상세계 범죄 즉, 메타버스 범죄2.0은 단순히 공간이 기존 사이버‧온라인 공간에서 메타버스 공간으로 이동한 범죄에서 벗어나 메타버스에서만 발생할 수 있는 특정 유형의 범죄를 가리킨다. 이에 메타버스 범죄 2.0의 규율을 위한 가상세계 법률에 대한 요구가 계속해서 늘어나고 있다. 그중 메타버스에서 가장 다양한 형태로 발생하는 지식재산권 침해 문제의 새로운 모습은 어떻고 기존의 법률로서 과연 규율할 수 있는지 탐구해볼 것이다. 특히 메타버스 기술의 핵심 요소인 NFT가 블록체인 및 가상화폐 기술과 지식재산권, 게임물 등에 결합했을 때 생길 시사점과 새로운 영역인 P2E를 중점으로 파악해볼 것이다. 나아가 아바타에 인공지능기술을 적용했을 때의 인격권 부여의 문제점 등에 대한법철학적 탐구가 필요하다. 메타버스에서만 발생할 수 있는 새로운 유형의 성범죄에대해서 탐구해보고 메타버스 속 아바타들이 새로운 ‘인공지능 아바타’로 거듭나게된다면 생길 수 있는 문제들을 자세히 검토해야 한다. 메타버스 범죄 2.0은 새롭게나타나는 범죄에 대해서 뿐만 아니라 기존 형사법으로 규율하지 못했던 부분에 대한해답, 기존에 형벌로서 제한하고 있던 영역에 대한 비판적 고찰, 법률적인 인간의 의미 등 다양한 측면에서 현실세계를 규율할 수 있는 형사법에 대한 탐구의 수단이 될것이다.

경합범의 여죄에 대한 정당한 처벌과일사부재리 원칙에 관한 연구

이경열 한국형사법학회 2007 刑事法硏究 Vol.19 No.1

berlegungen zur richtigen Bildung einer Strafe und dem Grundsatz “ne bis in idem” bei retrospektiver Konkurrenz*攀 * This work was supported by Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by Korea Government (MOEHRD, Basic Research Promotion Fund)(KRF-2005-003-B00339).

미납벌금의 대체형으로서 사회봉사명령의 도입 문제 -‘벌금미납자의 사회봉사명령집행에 관한 특례법안’에 대한 검토를 중심으로-

이경열 한국외국어대학교 법학연구소 2009 외법논집 Vol.33 No.1

Under the present law, a penalty defaulter works at a prison workshop within a given period. However, as the imprisonment for the punishment of failure to pay the penalty lead to unusual results of restoring imprisonment on the fine default just from the fine penalty that intended to avoid a short-term bad effect, people without economic strength end up with sentencing imprisonment on the fine default, and the defaulter rather favor a suspended sentence on imprisonment. Recently, after accepting criticism on regarding imprisonment on the fine default as the restoring execution, government submitted an exemption law to the National Assembly in order to introduce community service instead of imprisonment for the defaulter on economic grounds. The exemption law includes a procedure that a public prosecutor approves the community service applied by a penalty defaulter to execute a sentence to perform community service in advance of imprisonment. However, the exemption law asking approval of a public prosecutor is quite different comparing with previous suggestion intended to introduce community service order system as an alternative execution instead of imprisonment on the fine default. Nevertheless, a strong insistence on whether a public prosecutor or a court of justice approves it confronts each other. As mentioned above, the main point of theoretical and practical confrontation exists in whether community service is an alternative execution of fine penalty or a new restoring execution on the fine default. Considering foreign legislative examples and hands-on-background, several prior legislative managements that are not mentioned in the exemption law are prerequisite at least in understanding all of the exemption law procedures as implied in the exemption law. Even if that a public prosecutor admits and executes community service by a penalty defaulter according to the rules of the exemption law without prior legislative managements may be of advantage to the people without economic strength, changing a judicial decision without a court of justice being involved in the case will be unjust. Furthermore, rather than just introducing the community service order system as a restoring execution of imprisonment on the fine default, it needs to make decision on whether the exemption law is to be induced or not after taking everything into consideration, such as daily fines system, monthly installment of fines system, and suspended sentence system for fine penalty, which have been discussed as improvement plans. Currently, the Ministry of Justice proceeds to revise laws to improve the whole punishment system. Like the exemption law, rather than preparing for a special case for punishment law as an alternative mean of imprisonment, it will be an adequate scheme to make the purpose of legislation for the exemption law to be prescribed in penal code by investigating and connecting the legislative project to legal exchange work of the Ministry of Justice.