Association of HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 Alleles with Susceptibility to IgA Nephropathy in Korean Patients

In Ji Won,Jung Kiwook,Shin Sue,Park Kyoung Un,Lee Hajeong,Song Eun Young 대한진단검사의학회 2022 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.42 No.1

Background: Associations between IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been reported in several ethnic groups. We investigated the association of HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles with the predisposition for IgAN and disease progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in Korean patients. Methods: We analyzed HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 genotypes in 399 IgAN patients between January 2000 and January 2019 using a LIFECODES sequence-specific oligonucleotide (SSO) typing kit (Immucor, Stamford, CT, USA) or a LABType SSO Typing Test (One Lambda, Canoga Park, CA, USA). Alleles with a significant difference in two-digit resolution were further analyzed using in-house sequence-based typing and sequence-specific primer PCR. As controls, 613 healthy hematopoietic stem cell donors were included. Kidney survival was analyzed in 281 IgAN patients with available clinical and laboratory data using Cox regression analysis. Where needed, P-values were adjusted using Bonferroni correction. Results: The allele frequencies of HLA-DRB1*04:05 (corrected P [Pc]<0.001), -DQB1 *04:01 (Pc=0.048), and -DQB1*03:02 (Pc=0.021) were significantly higher in IgAN patients than in controls, whereas those of HLA-DRB1*07:01, -DRB1*15:01, -DQB1*02:02, and -DQB1*06:02 (Pc<0.001 for all) were significantly lower in IgAN patients than in controls. The allele frequency of HLA-DQB1*05:03 (Pc=0.016) was significantly lower in the ESKD group than in the non-ESKD group; however, there was no significant difference for ESKD progression between these groups. Conclusions: We report novel associations of HLA-DRB1*15:01, DQB1*02:02, -DQB1*03:02, and -DQB1*04:01 with IgAN. Further studies of HLA alleles associated with IgAN progression in a larger cohort and in various ethnic groups are needed.

Palobutrazol과 Chlorocholine Cholride 處理가 水稻 幼苗의 生理的 特性에 미치는 影響

류경렬,허훈,김인현 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1995 農業科學硏究 Vol.12 No.2

This study was conducted to investigate the incidence of urolithiasis of Korean native cattle and beef cattle in abattoir and feedlot cattle. In addition, chemical composition of urinary calculi and field treatment of urolithiasis in feedlot cattle were also studied. The results obtained were as follows : A total of 365 heads(46.8%) of 780 cattle in abattoir were found to be urinary calculi, 55.9% of these in Korean native cattle and 44.3% in beef cattle, respectively. Seasonal incidences were relatively high in spring(57.9%) and winter(55.8%), while low in autumn(47.4%) and summer(28.0) Among 474 castrated growing cattle which feeding with pellet feeds, 318 heads(66.6%) were confirmed to urolithiasis by means of urine precipitation test. Morphological classifications of urinary calculi were appeared to 25-3% in irregular form, 24.0% in granular form, 20.7% in fine crystals, 18.0% in globular form and 12.0% in powdered form, respectively. Chemical compositions of urinary calculi were detected to relatively high levels of magnesium(17.565%) and silica(5.340%) due to feeding on Tong-il rice straw. In the field treatment of special formulated drugs to affected feedlot cattle, a total of 291 heads(91.5%) of 318 cattle were recovered as high as at the 4 weeks after treatment. The principal pathological changes were composed of hemorrhages, deceleration, degeneration and necrotic lesions on renal cortex and hemorrahages, chronic inflammatory lesions on renal pelvis and papillae, urethra and urinary bladder in the urinary system. Key words ; urolithiasis, urinary calculi, feedlot cattle.

최인호 소설에 나타난 종교적 세계관과 성찰의 서사

김인경 ( Kim In-kyoung ) 한성대학교 한성어문학회 2018 漢城語文學 Vol.38 No.-

본고에서는 최인호의 작가 의식을 지배하고 있는 종교적 세계관을 통해 1970~80년대의 시대에 대한 성찰을 시도하고자 했다. 먼저 ‘실존 탐구와 기독교적 사유’에서는 기독교의 윤리의식과 사상이 어떻게 작품의 주제와 연결되고 있으며, 주인물의 내적 변화에 관여하는지를 알 수 있다. 다음으로 ‘구도적 열망과 실천 자세의 모색’에서는 『길 없는 길』의 ‘경허’를 통한 참된 ‘나’와 중생을 위한 구체적인 ‘실천’에 관한 물음을 던진다. 이를 통해 현실을 직시하고 비판적으로 대처하는 실천적인 지식인의 모습을 강조한다. 이러한 고찰은 당대 사회의 부조리를 비판하고 종교적 정신으로 대안을 찾으려는 공통점이 있다. 여기에는 현실적 삶의 제한성을 극복한 본질적 삶에 대한 내적인 욕구가 반영되어 있다. 또한 개인의 구제와 사회의 구제는 불가분의 관계에 놓여 있다는 것을 다시 한 번 확인하게 한다. 이와 같이 최인호의 소설에 나타난 종교적 세계관을 통해 당대의 시대를 성찰해 보는 것은, 자본주의 근대화의 극복과 당대 시대에 대한 최인호의 문학적 고민을 알 수 있게 한다. 더 나아가 최인호의 문학세계를 폭넓게 논의해 보는 계기를 준다. This is an article about the religious outlook and mind of an author, Choi, In-ho who is one of famous writers in the 70-80's in Korea. Some of his books, The Urban Hunter and A windmill in my heart are stories that are based on an Christian recognition and ontological looking. One of his book, The Pathless Way, is a story that is based on a Buddhist idea and view. These books are reflected different religious agenda, especially Catholic or Buddhism but a similar theme what is a way of researching oneself of leading characters desperately. Among of these are stories about serious social problems. These are caused a serious capitalism and an brutal industrialism in Korea at that time. The observation of Choi, In-ho through his books proposes to solve problems of social absurdities with religious spirits. As a result, books of Choi In-ho reflect on the contemporary era through the religious world view. And then he tries to see the essence and the worth of the human-life in the modernization of capitalism society in his books. His own literary thinking is about the need of religious pure mind. He focuses Catholic ideology as well as Buddhist idea. These kind of literary thinking make his literary world view put on his books. His novels are the so-called process of finding a way. These novels are processes of the realization of himself as well as readers in social absurdities. This article will be an opportunity to discuss about novels of Choi In-ho actively.

Natural products used as a chemical library for protein–protein interaction targeted drug discovery

Jin, Xuemei,Lee, Kyungro,Kim, Nam Hee,Kim, Hyun Sil,Yook, Jong In,Choi, Jiwon,No, Kyoung Tai Elsevier 2018 Journal of molecular graphics & modelling Vol.79 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Protein–protein interactions (PPIs), which are essential for cellular processes, have been recognized as attractive therapeutic targets. Therefore, the construction of a PPI-focused chemical library is an inevitable necessity for future drug discovery. Natural products have been used as traditional medicines to treat human diseases for millennia; in addition, their molecular scaffolds have been used in diverse approved drugs and drug candidates. The recent discovery of the ability of natural products to inhibit PPIs led us to use natural products as a chemical library for PPI-targeted drug discovery. In this study, we collected natural products (NPDB) from non-commercial and in-house databases to analyze their similarities to small-molecule PPI inhibitors (iPPIs) and FDA-approved drugs by using eight molecular descriptors. Then, we evaluated the distribution of NPDB and iPPIs in the chemical space, represented by the molecular fingerprint and molecular scaffolds, to identify the promising scaffolds, which could interfere with PPIs. To investigate the ability of natural products to inhibit PPI targets, molecular docking was used. Then, we predicted a set of high-potency natural products by using the iPPI-likeness score based on a docking score-weighted model. These selected natural products showed high binding affinities to the PPI target, namely XIAP, which were validated in an <I>in vitro</I> experiment. In addition, the natural products with novel scaffolds might provide a promising starting point for further medicinal chemistry developments. Overall, our study shows the potency of natural products in targeting PPIs, which might help in the design of a PPI-focused chemical library for future drug discovery.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> This paper provides <I>in silico</I> drug discovery strategy to identify natural products capable to inhibit the protein–protein interactions. </LI> <LI> The predicted PPI inhibitor-like natural products were validated in an in vitro experiment. </LI> <LI> The XIAP inhibitor LENP0044 could be used as a potent template for further chemical optimization. </LI> <LI> Natural products can be used as potent candidates in the design of a PPI-focused chemical library for drug discovery. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Power Distance, Collectivism and Corruption: An Analysis Using Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Index and Corruption Perception Index

In-Woo Jun(In-Woo Jun),Kyoung-In Kim(Kyoung-In Kim) 한국무역연구원 2022 무역연구 Vol.18 No.6

Purpose – Among the many factors affecting corruption, cultural factors cannot be overlooked. This study examines if there is any relationship between culture and corruption. For this purpose, Hofstede’s cultural dimension index and the Corruption Perception Index (CPI) for 116 countries were used. Design/Methodology/Approach – This study used secondary data published by two institutions: Hofstede Insights and Transparency International. First, the latest Power Distance Index (PDI) and Individualism Index (IDV) of 116 countries were obtained from Hofstede Insights. Second, the latest 2021 CPI of 116 countries was gained from Transparency International. Two hypotheses were developed. To examine the relationship between the variables, a correlation analysis was adopted. Findings – According to the analysis results, hypothesis 1 received statistical support indicating more corruption tends to occur in countries with high power distance culture. Hypothesis 2 is also accepted that more corruption occurs in countries with a strong collectivism culture. Research Implications – The result of this study implies that centralization of power into the higher echelons may hinder effective communication within organization, and often leads to strategic decision-making errors and even corruption. In addition, excessive in-group collectivism is an obstacle to monitoring and blocking internally generated corruption and sometimes demands individual sacrifice.

제주특별자치도의 학교 수 변천과 영향요인 탐색

김경옥(Kyoung-Ok Kim),이인회(In-Hoi Lee) 제주학회 2022 濟州島硏究 Vol.58 No.-

본 연구의 목적은 제주의 학교 수 변화를 기반으로 학교 변천의 추이를 파악하고 그변천에 영향을 미친 핵심 요인들을 도출하는 데 있다. 이러한 연구 목적을 달성하기 위해 문헌연구와 심층면담조사를 실시하였다. 심층면담은 초·중등학교의 교장 경력이 있으며 교육청의 장학관 또는 국·과장을 역임한 전직 교원 4명을 대상으로 2020년 10 월 17일∼11월 28일 사이에 진행되었다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 제주의 학교 수 변천 추이는 태동기, 정초기, 양적 발전기, 질적 전환기의 4단계로 나타났다. 둘째, 제주 학교의 변천에 영향을 준 요인들은 정초기를 제외하고 교육정책 외적 요인이 교육정책 요인보다 크게 영향을 주었다. 이는 당시 제주가 직면한 사회적 상황, 교육과 관련한 이해집단과의 상호작용 등의 교육정책 외적 요인이 작용했기 때문인 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 해당 교육청이 향후 학교 관련 정책을 수립하는데 기초자료로 활용될 수 있다. The purpose of this study was to identify the transitional process of schools’ number and to analyze the essential factors affecting the school transition based upon the change in the number of schools in Jeju. To accomplish it, the study used literature research and interview surveys. In-depth interviews were conducted from Oct. 17th through Nov. 28th, 2020, with the former four principals who had experienced managers, directors, or supervisors of the educational office. Major results of the study are as follows: First, the transitional process of schools in Jeju was revealed in four stages of fomentation, foundation, quantitative expansion, and qualitative transition. Second, the essential factors that influenced the transition of schools in Jeju were non-policy factors rather than policy factors on all stages except for the foundation one. The results would be used as the basic resources for future policy making in the educational office.

하악골 신연술 후 생성된 신생골의 조직학적 및 면역화학적 소견

윤경인,박재억 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2001 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.23 No.3

Distraction osteogenesis(DO) can be performed in the bony defect associated with trauma, anomaly, and various kinds of disease. The gap generated by DO is filled with growing callus : during the period of distraction, the osteogenesis is continued. However, there have been few reports about expression pattern of growth factors in newly formed bone during the consolidation periods. We performed DO in the mandibular defect case and studied the expressed pattern of growth factors. Its pattern was compared to that of the same patient. BMP-2 and -4 were strongly expressed in the DO site. Particularly, BMP-4 was not expressed in the normal mature bone, but expressed in new bone in DO. However, there was no difference in the FGF-7 expression between the sites. Therefore, strong expression of BMP-4 are related to new bone formation in DO and they may not be related to the normal homeostasis in human bone. Though FGF-7 is related to the growth of keratinocyte, it may have minimal role in the DO and normal mature bone.

중수 회수 시스템에서 운전 경험

안현경,이인형 순천향대학교 부설 산업기술연구소 2005 순천향 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.11 No.2

The moisture inside the coolant and moderator system areas of Candu-type nuclear power plant is recycled to prevent the value deuterium to being lost and the harm of tritium form being spread to the natural environment. The deuterium is separated from the moisture by the successive processes such as adsorption and desorption on molecular sieve, cooling with water purification with activated carbon filer, ion exchange, and evaporation in the deuterium recovery system that consists of dryers, storage tank. filter, three ion exchange bed, evaporators, and upgrader. The water collected in the dryers in transformed from the kinds of moisture generated inside the primary system of nuclear plant and supplied with the fresh air. In addition, hydrazine can be included in the moisture such that the water might be alkaline. Unexpectedly, the solution in the storage tank followed from dryers is acidic and the deuterium water collected in the upgrader is also acidic in Wolsung nuclear unit 1. The concentration of chloride is about 500 ppm and pH is 3.8 in the storage tanks of dryers, while the white precipitation of aluminum and silica oxides exist to some degree before filter and to fair extent after ion exchange bed. Hydrazine and its derivative, ammonia are not high(less than 1ppm). Concentration of chloride was source of salt include in the fresh air. The sources of aluminum and silica oxides were products thermally decomposed from molecular sieve. The impurities decrease the removal efficiency of filtration and ion exchange and shorten sieve. The impurities decrease the removal efficiency of filtration and ion exchange and shorten the operation lifetimes of their facilities. In this case the chloride can be transferred to the upgrager in which the packing material, copper might be corroded. Therefore the fresh air should be treated completely to remove the salt. The capacity of the activated carbon filter in the purification system might be increased.

이선희 소설에 나타난 모더니즘적 특성 연구 : 식민지 근대의 이중성과 글쓰기를 중심으로

김인경(Kim, In Kyoung) 구보학회 2007 구보학보 Vol.2 No.-

본고에서는 식민지 근대의 이중성과 글쓰기를 중심으로 이선희 소설에 나타난 모더니즘적 특성을 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이선희는 고도의 심리주의 기법과 낭만성 등으로 여성들의 현실인식과 정체성 회복을 모색해 나갔다. 이러한 이선희의 소설에는 도시적 미의식과 도시적 삶에 대한 글쓰기가 주인공들이 경성을 중심으로 주변을 바라보는 눈(目), 시선을 통해 잘 나타나고 있어 여성 문학세계의 확장을 시도하고 있다. ‘외출’을 통한 자의식의 내면화와 도시공간의 탐색을 통한 이중적 현실의 확인, 그리고 미결정적 사유제시로의 정체성 모색 등은 그것을 잘 나타내 주고 있다. 이는 인간의 진정한 존재성을 내적 체험과 의식의 상황 및 흐름에서 발견하고자 하는 ‘의식의 시선’이라 하겠다. 이것은 1930년대 대표적인 여성 작가인 강경애, 박화성 소설에 나타나는 현실의 극명한 반영으로써의 글쓰기와는 다른 차별점으로, 1930년대 모더니즘 소설의 특성을 여성 작가인 이선희 소설로 확인할 수 있는 근거가 된다. 이는 식민지 근대의 이중성과 작가의 글쓰기 관계 속에서 작품의 가능성과 한계를 고찰해 보게 한다. 또한 여성의 시선에 나타나는 식민지 근대의 이중적인 모습을 살펴볼 수 있게 함으로써 이선희 문학의 본질을 좀 더 심층적으로 고찰해 볼 수 있게 한다. 또한 문학의 존재 방식을 어떻게 규율하는가에 대한 심도 있는 논의를 가능하게 하는 것으로, 글쓰기란 어떠한 방식으로든 당대의 반영이자 근대적 주체로서 작가가 생산해 낸 시대에 대한 문학적 대응임을 알 수 있게 한다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the novels by Lee Seon- hee for their modernist characteristics with a focus on the dualism and writing in the early colonial modern times. Lee can be characterized by her search for women’s perception of reality and recovery of their identities through the highly advanced techniques of psychologism and romanticism. In her novels, she attempts to expand the literary world of women through the eyes or viewpoints of the main characteristics around Seoul by making use of her urban aesthetic consciousness and writing about an urban life. Her attempts are well reflected in her internalization of her self-consciousness through “going out,” her confirmation of the dual reality in a search of urban space, and her search for an identity as uncrystalline thinking. They also represent “her eye of consciousness” to discover the true existence of humans in internal experiences and the situations and flows of consciousness. That’s what separates her writing from that of Kang Gyeong-ae and Park Hwa-seong, who were the foremost female writers in the 1930s, with extremely clear reflection of reality. It also provides the grounds to confirm the characteristics of the modernist novels in the 1930s in the novels of Lee, a female writer. It takes into consideration the potential and limitations of her works in the relations between the dualism of the early colonial modern times and a writer. It further allows for a more in- depth consideration of the nature of Lee’s literature by examining the dual aspects of the early colonial modern times seen from the female viewpoint. Making it possible to discuss how the existential methods of literature can be regulated in-depth, it suggests that writing is the reflection of contemporary days in any ways and the writer’s literary responses to the times.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1997)

김재홍,문득곤,김정수,김용준,임동진,박상훈,김희성,이민수,송기훈,김갑형,김형석,성소영,이인섭,김석우,황지환,조창근,김경문,부태성 대한화학요법학회 2000 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.18 No.3

Background : In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Methods : For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of PPNG, we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results : In 1997. 99 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 45(45.5%) were PPNG. Conclusion : The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 45.5% in 1997.