심박수에 의한 유산소작업능의 평가

김영선,정규철 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1983 中央醫大誌 Vol.8 No.4

In search for the criteria of evaluation of aerobic work capacity for the Korean young male adult, 104 healthy male college students who volunteered were subjected on treadmill walking at a speed of 2, 4, 6 and 8 km/hr with a 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% grade of inclination. The heart rate, oxygen uptake and energy cost were measured during the exercise and then regression analysis was done on all three. Heart rate was recorded automatically every 5 seconds during the exercise by a telemeter(108 system. Senoh Co. Japna). The expired air during the exercise was collected into a Douglas bag and analysed for oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide output for calculation of respiratory quotient and energy cost with Orzat gas analyzer. The following results were obtained from the study. 1. Mean values of heart rate, oxygen uptake and energy cost at resting state were 77±8.5 beats/min, 3.65±1.23ml/kg/min and 1.08±0.36kcal/kg/hr, respectively. 2. One met was defined as an unit value of oxygen uptake or energy cost for the resting state. When the subjects walked on a treadmill at a speed of 2, 4, 6 and 8 km/hr with a 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% grade of inclination, oxygen uptake and energy cost increased in proportion with the load of exercise from minimum 2.7 to maximum 15.5 Mets. 3. There were statistically significant correlation among the three parameters-heart rate, oxygen uptake and energy cost, and simple linear regression equations were derived. 4. In estimating of oxygen uptake and energy cost from heart rate during exercise, the better correlation was obtained when they were calculated in terms of unit body weight than in terms of gross amount or unit body surface area. 5. The linear regression equation of oxygen uptake(Yc : ml/kg/min) on heart rate(X: beat/min) was expressed as Yc=0.363X-24.0(S_y/x=5.35ml/kg/min) and that of energy cost(Y_c : kcal/kg/hr) on heart rate(X) as Yc=0.110X-7.27(S_y/x=1.55kcl/kg/hr) . Although the deviations of these predicted values were relatively large, standard errors of the means of theses predicted values were very small. 6. It was concluded, therefore, that oxygen uptake and energy cost could be estimated very precisely from the heart rate as a group but not so precisely as an individual basis. In evaluation of aerobic work capacity we could say that a man was of normal physical fitness if the measured values of oxygen uptake and energy cost were within the range of Yc±1S_y/x, a man of good physical fitness if the measured values were smaller than Yc-1S_y/x and a man of poor physical fitness if the measured values were larger than Yc+1Sy/x.

정상인에서 오줌으로 배설되는 수은량의 분포령

김영선,정규철 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1980 中央醫大誌 Vol.5 No.1

In order to clarify the distribution type of the urinary mercury excretion, urine specimens voided every 2 hours from 6 o'clock in the morning until 11 at night were collected from 21 healthy male volunteers who had no experience of exposure to mercury. Urinary mercury excretion was measured by dithizone colorimetric method recommended by NIOSH, method No. P & CAM 145. 1. Frequency distribution curve of mercury excretion in hourly voided specimens could be expressed by power function: y=270X^-1.57 (r^2=0.92). 2. Frequency distribution of the mercury excretion, when logarithmic transformation was done, indicated the bimodal distribution. Frequency distribution below 0.64 (ln-0.45) ㎍Hg/l was considered to be probably due to experimental errors. 3. Neglecting the data below 0.64㎍Hg/l, frequency distribution of mercury excretion transformed into logarithm was well fitted to a theoretical normal distribution of having the sample means and standard deviation (X^2=5.23, p<0.10), showing the value of skewness β_1=-0.36 and kurtosis β_2=2.66. 4. Mean and standard deviation calculated from the log­normal distribution was found to be 16.6 (ln 2.81)±2.94 (ln 1.08) ㎍Hg/l.

급성 카드뮴중독시 신조직의 Hydrogen peroxide의 생성, Catalase 및 Na^+, K^+ - ATPase활성도의 변화와 Ascorbate, Diethyldithiocarbamate(DDTC), Glutathione 및 α-Tocopherol의 방어효과

김정용,이상준,정규철 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1990 中央醫大誌 Vol.15 No.2

The effects of cadmium and protective effects of ascorbate, diethyldithiocarbarnate (DDTC), glutathione and α-tocopherol on hydrogen peroxide production, catalase and Na^+, K^+-ATPase activities in kidney of rats acutely intoxicated by cadmium were investigated. A single dose of 5mg/kg CdCI_2 were given to all Sprague-Dawley male rats by intraperitoneal injection. In addition, 1 mM/kg ascorbate in Cd + ascorbate-treated group, 500 mg/kg DDTC in Cd + DDTC-treated group, 1 mM/kg glutathione in Cd + glutathione-treated group and 0.5 mM/kg α-tocopherol in Cd + α-tocopherol-treated group were given intraperitoneally 60 min after the cadmium treatment. The saline-treated group was treated with saline only. Rats of each group were sacrificed by decapitation 48 hours after the cadmium treatment. The cadmium concentration in kidney increased with that in blood both in saline and experimental groups. Average cadmium concentrations in blood and kidney of Cd-treated rats were much higher than those in saline-treated group, but no differences were found in average cadmium concentrations in blood and kidney among Cd-treated, Cd + ascorbate-treated, Cd + DDTC-treated, Cd + glutathione -treated and Cd + α-tocopherol-treated groups. In Cd-treated group, hydrogen peroxide production and catalase activity of kidney homogenates was increased but Na^+, K^+-ATPase activity was decreased. Glutathione inhibited cadmium-induced hydrogen peroxide production most effectively. Ascorbate, DDTC and α-tocopherol also inhibited cadmium-induced hydrogen peroxide production. Catalase activity was inhibited in ascorbate-and glutathione-treated groups more than that in Cd-treated group, and no difference was found in catalase activities among Cd + DDTC-treated and Cd + α-tocopherol -treated groups. Inhibition of Na^+, K^+-ATPase activity induced by cadmium was diminished by simultaneous administration of ascorbate, DDTC, glutathione or α-tocopherol. In normal and experimental groups, hydrogen peroxide production increased with increasing cadmium concentrations and the Na^+, K^+-ATPase activity decreased with increasing hydrogen peroxide productions. These results suggest that inhibition of Na^+, K^+-ATPase activity caused by hydrogen peroxide in cadmium intoxicated rats may play a part in cadmium induced renal functional injury. Ascorbate, DDTC, glutathione and a-tocopherol exhibit protective effects against cadmium mediated inhibition of Na^+, K^+-ATPase activity and these effects brought by inhibition of cadmium-induced hydrogen peroxide production.

Alumina 첨가에 따르는 Hydroxyapatite의 기계적 성질

이승규,이동윤,이영섭,김창은 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1990 논문집 Vol.22 No.1

For the purpose of improving mechanical strength of hydroxyaptite, various amount of alumina powder were added to hydroxyaptite which were prepared by precipitation method using Ca(NO₃)₂4H₂O and (NH₄)₂HPO₄under the Ca/P mole ratio 1.67 and pH 11. Hydroxyaptite-alumina powder composite were sintered in H₂O gas atmosphere at 1150-1400℃. Adding alumina, hydroxyaptite was decomposed to β-tricalcium phosphate and co-existed with hydroxyaptite. In case of added alumina, bending strength was higher than that of hydroxyaptite. Maximum bending strength was 161MPa at 1300℃, 5.0wt% alumina. Added alumina restrained grain growth of the hydroxyaptite.

고령의 불안정성 대퇴 전자간 골절시 대퇴거 대치형 주대를 이용한 양극성 고관절 반치환술

고덕환,김규현,신주용,임신우,김동현 대한골절학회 2003 대한골절학회지 Vol.16 No.1

목 적 : 고령의 대퇴골 전자간 불안정성 분쇄골절시 대퇴거 대치형 주대를 사용하여 인공관절 치환술을 시행한 후 수술 시간, 보행 시기, 및 그 기능적 결과와 합병증을 분석하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1991년 8월부터 2001년 1월까지 본원에서 대퇴 전자간 불안정성 분쇄골절로 수술받은 75세 이상 환자중 대퇴거 대치형 주대를 이용한 양극성 고관절 반치환술을 시행받은 후 2년 이상 추시가 가능하였던 환자 20례를 대상으로 하였다. 결 과 : 수술 시간은 평균 45분이었고, 임상적 결과 분석에서 Harris Hip Score는 평균 84.7점이었다. 사각보행의 시기는 평균 8일이었으며, 전체중 부하는 평균 6.9주였다. 합병증으로 수술부위 감염 2례, 고도의 대퇴부 동통 1례 및 탈구 1례가 발생하였다. 결 론 : 고령의 환자에서 발생한 대퇴 전자간 불안정성 분쇄 골절의 치료에 있어서 대퇴거 대치형 주대를 이용한 양극성 고관절 반치환술은 비교적 조기 체중부하와 기능적 회복이 가능하고 낮은 합병증으로 좋은 치료법의 하나로 사료된다. Purpose : The purpose of this paper is to analyze the operating time, timing of ambulation, functional results and complications using the calcar replacement stem for the severely comminuted unstable intertrochanteric fractures in the eldertly patients. Materials and Methods : From August 1991 through January 2001, 20 elderly patients over the 75 year old patients had undergone bipolar hemiarthroplasty with calcar replacement stem for the treatment of unstable intertrichanteric fractures. Results : The mean operating time was 45 minutes and mean Harris Hip Score was 84.7. Ambulation with walker was started at post-operative 8 days and full weight bearing was 6.9 weeks, each. Complications were 2 cases of wound infection, 1 case of severe thigh pain and 1 case of dislocation. Conclusion : Early ambulation, functional restoration and decrease of the complications with bipolar hemiarthroplasty using calcar replacement stem for severely comminuted unstable intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients, therefore this methods seems to be one of the effective treatments.

병원단위의 임상진료지침 개발과정

신영수,김창엽,오병희,한규섭,윤병우,한준구,강영호 한국의료QA학회 1997 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.4 No.1

Background : With increased concerns about variation among physician a practice pattern and their impact on the quality of care, clinical practice guidelines have been developed by many different organizations, with differing aims and incentives. From the same point of view, there is growing interest in the development of clinical practice guidelines in Korea, but with only a few examples. As a result, there is not much exploration on the incentive and barrier to development guidelines as well as description on the development process. The purposes of this study are to describe the process of the four different clinical practice guidelines in a hospital setting, and to identify incentives and barriers in the development of guidelines. Methods : For this research, a clinical practice guideline development committee and four clinical practice guideline development teams were organized in a university hospital which has more than 1,200 beds. Twenty eight doctors, three nurses, and one technician participated as members of development teams for eight months. Four to six meetings were held, and three to seven departments in the hospital were involved. Results : The topics which developed into clinical practice guidelines were cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR), blood transfusion, anticoagulation, and angiography. The main goals set by teams were education(CPR, angiography), risk management(blood transfusion), and to enhance quality of care(anticoagulation). Among four teams, only in the team for anticoagulation guideline medical record review and pilot-testing were performed. Also literature review was not carried out systematically. However, all the guidelines were developed by multidisciplinary participation by personnels of related departments. All the team expected guidelines to be used as standard protocols in the practice. Conclusion : Experience and skill in developing process has to be improved to have a more valid and useful practice guideline. In particular, literature review and problem identification by examining medical record should be emphasized. Also further studies of the clinical outcomes of the guidelines application and changes in physicians behaviors would be required.

일부 합성피혁 근로자들의 Dimethylformamide, Methyl Ethyl Ketone, Toluene 노출에 따른 요중 대사물질

최호춘,김강윤,안선희,이영자,정규철 한국산업위생학회 2001 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.11 No.2

This study was performed to measure airborne dimethyl-formamide(DMF), methyl ethyl ketone(MEK) and toluene and their urinary metabolites concentrations and to determine the relationship between airborne and urinary concentration. Air-borne samples and their urinary metabolites were measured 98male workers who work for 8 synthetic leather factories in a portion of Kyoung-in area. Urine samples were collected at end-of-shift to estimate the exposure levels. 1. The concentration of airborne DMF by process was 8.81 ppm for wet-mixing, 15.05 ppm for wet-coating, 6.03 ppm for dry-mixing, 5.58 ppm for dry-coating, 5.37 ppm for printing, and 9.03 ppm for total. There was statistically significant difference by process. Urinary NMF concentrations of wet-mixing, Wet-coasting, Dry-mixing, dry-coating and printing were 90.55㎎/, 79.80㎎/ℓ, 39.86㎎/ℓ, 25.23㎎/ℓ, and 38.15㎎/ℓ, respec-tively, and total geometric mean was 56.24㎎/ℓ. There was statistically significant difference by process. 2. The concentration of airborne MEK by process was 1.89 ppm for wet-mixing, 1.96 ppm for wet-coating, 10.33 ppm for dry-mixing, 29.24 ppm for dry-coating, 14.98 ppm for printing, and 4.87 ppm for total. There was statistically significant difference by process. Urinary MEK concentrations of wet-mxing, wet-coating, dry-mixing, dry-coating and printing were 0.93㎎/ℓ, 0.70㎎/ℓ, 3.29㎎/ℓ, 3.29㎎/ℓ, and 1.06㎎/ℓ, res-pectively, and total geometric mean was 1.25㎎/ℓ, There was statistically significant difference by process. Urinary MEK 3.The concentration of airborne toluene by process was 0.35ppm for wet-mixing, 0.42ppm for wet-coating, 2.95ppm for dry-mixing, 11.67ppm for dry-coating, 4.88ppm for printing, 1.24ppm for total. There was statistically significant difference by process. Urinary hippuric acid concentrations of wet-mixing, wet-coating, dry-mixing, dry-coating and printing were 0.24g/g creatinine, 0.21g/g creatinine, 0.34g/g creatinine, 0.52g/g cre-atinine, and 0.29g/g creatinine, respctively and total geometric mean was 0.28g/g creatinine. There was statistically signifi-cant difference by process. 4. No. of exceeded KPEL was 40 workers(40.8%) for DMF(10ppm), 1 worker(1.0%) for MEK(200ppm), and no worker for toluene(100ppm). No. of exceeded KBEI was 62 workers(63.3%) for urinary NMF(40㎎/ℓ), 29 workers (29.6%) for uri-nary MEK, 1 worker(1.0%) for urinary hippuric acid. 5. The regression equations were Log(MMF)=0.4094* Log(DMF)+1.3587(r=0.4516) for DMF, Log(MEKU)=0.1859* Log(MEK)-0.0324(r=0.3303) for MEK, Log(HA)=0.2106* Log(Toluene)-0.5685 (r=4497) for toluene. Synthetic leather factory workers expose to 3 kinds of organic solvents which are DMF, MEK and toluene. Their Uri-nary NMF and MEK levels were higher than their concentration levels through respiratory. It seems that the urinary levels were affected skin absorption for working habit and alcohol intake.

血淸鐵 測定의 評價

李昌珪,朴仁煥,金庄泳,劉熙鍾 대한임상병리사협회 1974 임상병리사회지 Vol.6 No.1

급성충수돌기염으로 발현된 방선균증 2예

조진원,송진영,김창억,민영훈,최창순,우흥정,현인규,김종현,유기철,채승완,손진희 대한화학요법학회 2001 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.19 No.1

The Actinomyces species are normal flora of oral cavity and upper intestine characterized as gram-positive, non-spore-forming anaerobic or mjcroaerophilic rods. Actinomycosis is a chronic suppurative and granulomatous disease characterized by abscess, sinus, abundant granulation and mass. The appendix is the commonly involved site among abdominal actinomycosis. Abdominal actinomycosis is often difficult to diagnose before operation because of no reliable clinical features and infrequency of the disease. We report two cases of abdominal actinomycosis which were manifested as acute appendicitis. Those were detected Incidentally tv the pathologist after routine appendectomy. Both patients were successfully treated with appendectomy followed by proper antibiotics use.

Canine Distemper Virus 검출을 위한 정량 Real-time PCR

이승관,이창규,정운원,조경진,김현숙,강영대,서장훈 高麗大學校 倂設 保健大學 保健科學硏究所 2002 保健科學論集 Vol.28 No.2

Canine distemper virus(CDV) infection causes a fatal systemic disease in wide range of carnivore species, including domestic dogs. It has been a highly contagious disease of veterinary importance for centurise. Recently many researches show that qualitative RT-PCR for the detection of CDV was sensitive and specific method for the early and safe antemortem diagnosis of distemper by using whole blood regardless of clinical sign and pathological finding. Recently, results were correlated to clinical findings, anti-CDV neutralizing antibody titers, postmortem findings, and demonstration of CDV NP(nucleoprotein) antigen by immunohistochemistry. We have studied a quantitative real-time PCR assay for CDV in order to improve and broaden the clinical usefulness of RT-PCR assay. Total 37 samples including 9 clinically positive and 29 randomly selected ones have investigated. CDV RNA was extracted from whole blood. The isolated RNA was reverse-transcripted into cDNA followed by PCR amplification. The assay based on real-time PCR using SYBR Green I dye as quantitative method with a LightCycler. Calibration curves covered 30-3×10^(8) copies of CDV were created using cloned 240bp CDV cDNA of viral RNA. CDV was detected all in 8 positive samples whereas 8 in 29 randomly collected ones. The detection ranges of clinical CDV specimens were various from 3×10² to 3×10⁴ copies. Comparision of real-time PCR to conventional PCR showed equal sensitivity and specificity. But real-time PCR method has a merit of quantification as well as more rapid results than those of common RT-PCR. CDV can be accurately detected and quantified in the whole blood from the dog infected with CDV. This quantitative technique may improve the clinical utility of RT-PCR for the detection of CDV.