광릉수목원 혼합림에서 복사 에너지의 계절 변화 특성

김연희,조경숙,김현탁,엄향희,최병철 한국대기환경학회 2003 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.19 No.3

The measurement of the radiation energy, trunk temperature, leaf area index(LAI), air temperature,vapor pressure, and precipitation has been conducted under a mixed forest at Kwangneung Arboretum during the period of 2001. Characteristics of the diurnal and seasonal variation of the radiative energy were investigated. The aerodynamic roughness length was determined as about 1.6m and the mean albedo was about 0.1. The downward shortwave radiation was linearly correlated with the net radiation and its correlation coefficient was about 0.96. From this linear relation, the heating coefficient was calculated and its annual mean value was about 0.21. The albedo and heating coefficient was varied with season, surface characteristics, and meteorogical conditions. The diurnal and seasonal variations of radiation energy were discussed in terms of the surface characteristics and meteorological conditions. In the daytime, during clear skies, net raditaion was cominated by the shortwave radiation. In presence of clouds and fog, the radiation energy was diminished. At night, the net radiation was entirely dominated due to the net longwave radiation. There was no distinct diurnal variation in net radiation flux during the overcast or rainy days. The net radiation was strongest in spring and weakest in winter. The seasonal development in leaf area was also reflected in a strong seasonal pattern of the radiation energy balance. The timing, duration, and maximum leaf area and trunk temperature were found to be an important control on radiation energy budget. The trunk temperature was either equal or warmer than air temperature during most of the growing season because the canopy could absorb a substantial amount of sunlight. After autumn(after the middle of October), the trunk temperature was consistently cooler than air temperature.

정밀토양도를 이용한 유효강우량 산정에 관한 연구

김경탁,최윤석 한국지리정보학회 2004 한국지리정보학회지 Vol.7 No.2

유역의 유출량을 계산하는 유출모의를 위해서는 직접유출에 기여하는 강우량인 유효강우량을 산정해야한다. 본 연구에서는 SCS CN방법을 이용하여 유효강우량을 산정하기 위해 필요한 유역의 지형자료와 토지피복도 및 토양도 중 정밀토양도의 이용에 관한 내용을 기술하고 있다. 우리나라의 정밀토양도를 SCS CN방법에 적용하기 위해서는 SCS 수문학적 토양군으로의 재분류가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 정밀토양도를 SCS의 수문학적 토양군으로 분류할 때 허기술과 정정화(1987)의 분류기준과 정정화 등(1995)의 분류기준을 적용하여 유출모의를 수행하여 그 결과를 비교 검토하였다. 대상유역은 IHP 시범유역인 위천 유역과 평창강 유역을 선정하였다. 유출모의는 HEC-1을 이용하였으며 지형인자의 계산은 WMS v6.1을 사용하였다. 대상유역에 대하여 유출모의를 수행한결과 정밀토양도의 분류방법에 따론 유출모의 결과의 차이는 유역에 따라서 달리 나타날 수 있으나, 정정화 등(1995)이 제시한 기준에 의해서 분류된 정밀토양도를 이용할 경우 대상유역으로 선정한 두 지역에서 모두 실측치에 좀더 근접한 결과를 도출할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. For the simulation of flow phenomenon that calculate basin outflow, it is required to estimate effective precipitation which contributes to direct runoff. This paper is focused on using detailed soil map which is one of the data required to estimate effective precipitation by SCS CN method. Korean detailed soil map must be reclassified as SCS hydrologic soil group when it is applied to SCS CN method. In this study, Korean detailed soil maps which are reclassified as SCS hydrologic soil group by the methods of Her and Jung (1987) and lung et al. (1995) are applied to flow simulation and the results are analyzed. The study sites are Wichon watershed and Pyungchang river basin which are studied by International Hydrological Program (IHP) . HEC-1 and WMS v6. 1 are used to simulate flow phenomenon and calculate geographic parameters. The difference of flow analysis results from each soil reclassification method is different from each sites. But the results of flow analysis approximate observed data by using Jung et al. (1995) method more than Her and Jung (1987) method.

GIS를 이용한 토양침식 위험지역 분석

김주훈,김경탁,연규방 한국지리정보학회 2003 한국지리정보학회지 Vol.6 No.2

본 연구는 유역의 DEM 자료와 토양도, 토지이용도 등의 수치자료를 이용하여 유역에서 발생하는 토양유실량을 분석하고 이를 바탕으로 유역의 토양침식 위험지역을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 토양유실량 분석을 위한 모형은 RUSLE를 이용하였으며, 연구대상유역으로는 금강의 제2지류인 무심천 유역으로 하였다. 수문자료는 청주관측소의 연평균 강우량 자료를 이용하였고, 지형 특성에 관계된 자료는 환경부의 DEM, 농업과학기술원의 정밀토양도(1/25,000) 및 건설교통부의 토지이용현황도 자료를 이용하였다. 이들 수치자료를 이용하여 토양침식 위험지역 분석을 위한 주제도를 작성하였고, 유역의 토양유실량 및 침식 위험지역을 분석하였다. 분석결과 나대지 및 인공녹지 지역이 토양유실량이 많았으며, 산림지역의 경우에는 경사도가 토양유실에 미치는 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 침식위험지역에 대한 분석은 유역의 지면경사도가 20도 이상인 지역과 토지피복상태가 나대지 및 인공녹지로 분류되는 지역 중 약 8.5%인 193,730.3㎡가 침식위험지역으로 나타났다. The prupose of this study is to analyze soil erosion quantity of a basin by using DEM, soil map and landuse map and to find a soil erosion hazard zone in a basin based on this data. In this study, RUSLE was used to analyze soil loss quantity and the research area chosen in Mushim stream which branches off the Geum river. This study used a mean annual precipitation of Cheongju Meteorological Observation was used as a hydrological data DEM, the detailed soil map(1/25,000), the landuse map collected respectively from Ministry Environment, National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology and Ministry of Construction and Transportation. The subject map was drawn to analyze soil erosion hazard zone by using the above data and maps. According to the results of the analysis, a lot of soil loss shows in a bare area. In case of a forest, a slope has a lot of influence on soil loss. The integration and analysis of the above gave the result that 193,730. 3㎡ corresponding to 8.5% of the places of which the slope is over 20 degree in a bare area was found to have a higher chance of soil erosion.

노인에서 신체질환과 불면증 간의 전향적 연관성

김재민,김성완,양수진,김선영,배경열,조준영,윤탁,신일선,윤진상 大韓神經精神醫學會 2008 신경정신의학 Vol.47 No.5

Objectives : This study aimed to investigate the associations between physical disorders and prevalent/incident insomnia m a community dwelling older population. Methods : 1,204 people aged 65 or over evaluated at baseline. Insomnia was defined as difficulty in initiation or maintenance of sleep on at least three nights per week over the last month. Reported physical disorders covering 11 common and generally chronic health problems were ascertained. Covariates included were age, gender, education, housing, Past occupation, current employment, and depression. Of 879 without insomnia at baseline, 651 (74%) were followed 2 years later, and incident insomnia was evaluated. Results : Prevalent insomnia was significantly associated with 10 of 11 physical disorders. Incident insomnia was associated with 2 physical disorders : eyesight problems and hearing difficulty. Both prevalent and incident insomnia were significantly associated with increased number of physical disorders. Conclusion : Certain physical disorders were comorbid and precipitating factors of insomnia in elders.

하천 네트워크 기반의 유역관리시스템 개발을 위한 프레임워크 공간 DB 구축에 관한 연구

김경탁,최윤석,김주훈 한국지리정보학회 2004 한국지리정보학회지 Vol.7 No.2

유역의 공간 DB를 DEM을 이용하여 구축할 경우에는 DEM으로부터 유역의 수문학적 지형특성 인자를 손쉽게 추출할 수 있으며, 이들이 자동으로 공간 DB의 속성으로 입력되어 관리될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 유역정보를 관리하기 위한 기반정보인 프레임워크 공간 BB의 구축방안에 대하여 기술하였다. 이를 위하여 프레임워크 공간 데이터의 범위를 설정하고, 이들의 상호 연관관계를 정의하였으며 실제 유역을 대상으로 프레임워크 공간 DB를 구축하였다. 한편 본 연구에서는 순수국내기술로 수자원 공간자료 생성 및 수자원 시스템 개발 모듈인 HyGIS(Hydrological Geographic Information System)를 개발하였다. HyGIS를 이용하여 수문학적 지형특성인자 및 공간자료를 추출하였으며, 이들 자료를 실제 유역의 프레임워크 공간 BB를 구축하는 기본 데이터로 이용하였다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 과정을 통하여 하천 네트워크 기반의 유역관리시스템 개발을 위한 프레임워크 공간 DB의 구축방안을 제시하고자 한다. When watershed spatial database is constructed from DEM, hydrological geographic characteristics of watershed can be easily extracted. And the characteristics can be assigned and managed as the attribute of spatial database. In this study the scheme of constructing framework spatial database which is basic information for managing watershed information is examined. We established framework spatial data and defined the relationship of the data. And framework spatial database of test site was constructed. In this study, HyGIS (Hydrological Geographic Information System) which is developed by domestic technology for making hydrological spatial data and developing water resources system is used. Hydrological geographic characteristics and spatial data is extracted by HyGIS. And the data from HyGIS is used for constructing framework spatial database of test site. Finally, this study suggests the strategy of constructing framework spatial database for developing watershed management system based on river network.

LPCD법에 의한 Tin박막의 전계 에미터 어레이 제작

조경제,이상윤,류정탁,김연보,이진호 大邱大學校 科學技術硏究所 2001 科學技術硏究 Vol.8 No.2

Using low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD), TiN thin films as field emitter array were fabricated. In this Work, a method was transfered to a substrate and the wet-etching of the silicon substrate instead of fabricated method of mold shape was using in generally but we have fabricated gated field emitter tips as using mold shape of the new method that using a side wall space structure. Following sequences such as LPCVD method of a gate electrod and gate oxide on a silicon substrate and defesited BPSG thin film as a high temperature was flowed by the mold shape of a sharpen, the TiN as a materials of emitter tips was deposited after was bounded by anodic bonding and the wet-etching of the silicon substrate by using KOII solution, the last have fabricated a gated field emitter arrays of a sharpen. These emitters were estmated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.

태아 26예에서 신장단위의 미세구조적 발달

김혜영,주의탁,김경용,이원복 대한해부학회 1995 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.28 No.2

신경병증성 통증 모델쥐 뒤뿌리신경절의 Nitric Oxide Synthase 아형 및 NADPH-diaphorase 발현에 관한 연구

정성균,김수일,양은진,류택근,권오유,박경란,이영호,김원식 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.2

Injury to peripheral nerve somtimes lead to neuropathic pain. Nitric oxide(NO) is increased in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of neuropathic pain models, and L-NAME, a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, reduces neuropathic pain. However, it is not known that underlying mechanism of NO involvement in development and maintanence of neuropathic pain. It was found that there were three NOS isoforms-nNOS, eNOS, and iNOS. It is also necessary to investigate NOS isoforms in neuropathic pain. The aim of this study is to investigate NOS isoforms and NADPH-diaphorase expressions and underlying mechanism of NO involvement in neuropathic pain. The 5^th lambar (L5) DRG were obtaind after tight ligation of L5 an L6 spinal nerves for 7 days. Toluidine blue stain, immunohistochemistry for nNOS, eNOS, and iNOS, and NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry were performed. All specimens were observed under light microscope. nNOS expression was increased significantly in the cytoplasm of the DRG of ligated side at 7 day post-ligation (7D PL). eNOS expression was also increased in the blood vessel, a few neurons or satellite cells, and cell membrane of Schwann cells in the DRG of ligated side at 7D PL. iNOS expression was increased in a few blood vessels and cytoplasm of small neurons in the DRG of ligated side at 7D PL. NADPH-diaphorase expression was increased significantly in the neurons of the DRG of ligate side at 7D PL, but NADPH-diaphorase expressions were weak or absent in the blood vessel and Schwann cell in the contralateral DRG and the DRG of ligated side at 7D PL. It is suggested that NOS isoforms may be closely related to development and mantanence of neuropathic pain in order of nNOS>eNOS>iNOS.

집적화된 실리콘 압력센서의 출력전압 보상파라미터 추출 및 그 특성

이보나,김건년,박효덕,신상모,이경탁,김찬,권혁채,이상조,박현주 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1998 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.9 No.1

An integrated silicon pressure sensor has been designed, fabricated and tested. The signal conditioning circuits were designed to include calibration and temperature compensation of output voltage through trimming of diffusion and ion-implanted resistors. Before trimming of resistors, the compensation parameters such as pressure sensitivity, temperature coefficient of pressure sensitivity, temperature coefficient of piezoresistors and pressure sensitivity of piezoresistors were measured. Then offset voltage, span, and temperature coefficients of offset voltage and span were calibrated by trimming of resistors. The measured output voltage met our design specification and simulation value above room temperature. But, the measured output voltage at -30°C deviated from our design specification and simulation value because the offset voltages were found to vary randomly as a function of temperature.

충남 서북부지역 여성의 질세포진 검사에 대한 임상적 고찰

이석민,선우재근,장경택,서수형,김민관,배동한 순천향의학연구소 1996 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.2 No.2

Pap smear were performed to 30,294 women living in the north-west of Chung-nam. The result are summarized below 1. Positive vaginal cytology was 1.09 percent. 2. 72 percents women in their 30's and 40's experienced vaginal cytology. 3. Vaginal cytology was performed at a decreasing rate as age increases. 4. Positive cytology rate is 2.42% higher than average for elderly women over the age of 65. The present date indicates that pap smear is being widely recognized to be important but they needs to be continued advocacy for pap smear.