복합레진 적층계면에서 oxygen inhibition의 영향에 관한 연구

최수미,박재홍,최성철,김광철,최영철 大韓小兒齒科學會 2010 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.37 No.3

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect on oxygen inhibition layer(OIL) for the interfacial bonding between resin composite layers, including shear bond strength, fracture modes and degree of conversion. The first layer of specimen was filled with Z-250(shade A3) and was cured for 40s. The second layer of specimen was filled with same composite(shade A1) and was cured for 40s. The first layer of specimens for each group were prepared by methods as followings. Control(curing in atmospheric air), Group1(curing against Mylar strip), Group2(scrubbed with a acetonesoaked cotton), Group3(using Tescera light cup), Group4(using Tescera heat cup), Group5(stored in disti1led water for 30days at 37℃), Group6 (using bonding agent). The results were as follows: 1. There was no statistically significant different shear bond strength between control and group 1(p>0.05). 2. Group 2 showed significantly lower shear bond strength than control and group 1(p<0.05). 3. The observation of the fracture surface leads to the evidence that a major difference occurs in the case of control, group1 and group 3 samples which break mainly cohesively while the other groups break in majority adhesively. 4. The results of FTIR showed that the degree of conversion was the highest in group 2 and the lowest in control group(p<0.05). It can be concluded that an OIL is not necessary for bonding with composite resin. But if a reduced critical amount of the unreacted monomer is present, it was detrimental to bonding additional layers of composite. Further study, such as the quantitative analysis of the unreacted monomer are required. 복합레진의 적층계면에서 산소억제층(oxygen inhibition layer:이하 OIL)의 영향을 연구하기 위해, 아크릴릭 몰드(하층)에 복합레진의 shade A3를 충전한 후 표면의 조건을 달리하여 중합하였으며 상층은 shade A1으로 충전하고 중합하였다. 대조군(OIL 존재), 1군(OIL 형성억제), 2군(OIL 형성억제+레진표면의 미반응 모노머 제거), 3군(가압하에 중합), 4군(열중합), 5군(시효처리), 6군(시효처리+본딩제 도포)로 하층의 계면조건을 다르게 하였다. 전단결합강도와 파절양상, 전환률을 분석하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1. 전단결합강도 측정 결과 대조군과 제 1군 사이에 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 2. 제 2군은 대조군과 1군에 비해 낮은 결합강도를 보였다(p<0.05). 3. 제 3군은 가장 높은 결합강도를 보인 반면, 4군은 가장 낮은 결합강도를 보였다. 4. 6군은 5군보다 두 배 정도 높은 결합강도를 보였다. 5. 대조군과 1군 및 3군에서는 주로 응집성 복합레진파절이 일어난 반면 2군, 4군, 5군과 6군에서는 주로 접착성 계면파절이 일어났다. 6. FTIR로 전환률을 측정한 결과 2군에서는 50.55%로 가장 높았고, 대조군에서는 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). 전단결합강도와 전환률의 결과로 보아, OIL은 복합레진 계면의 결합에 필수적인 요인은 아니며, 표층의 미반응 모노머가 결합강도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 보인다. 향후 계면 결합강도에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 미반응 모노머의 정량적인 분석을 통한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

산부식 시간에 따른 유전치 법랑질의 부식 유형에 관한 연구

최수미,최영철,박재홍,최성철 大韓小兒齒科學會 2008 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.35 No.3

이 연구의 목적은 유전치 법랑질에서 무소주 법랑질 층이 있는 치경부에서의 적절한 산부식 시간을 알아보고자 함이다. 경희대학교 치과대학병원 소아치과에 내원한 환아에게서 발거한 치아 순면에 우식이 없는 건전한 치아 32개를 대상으로 실험 하였다. 발거된 유전치의 치경부 법랑질을 35% 인산으로 실험 1군은 15초,실험 2군은 30초,실험 3군은 45초,실험 4군은 60초간 산부식한 후 부식시간에 따른 법랑질 표면의 양상을 SEM으로 관찰하여 평가하였다. 1. 실험 1군에서는 Type 3가 75% 나타났으며 실험 2군과 3군 모두에서 Type 1이 38%, Type 2가 50%로 나타났다. 2. 실험 2군보다 실험 3군에서 산부식된 양상이 좀더 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 3. 실험 4군에서 Type 1이 25%. Type 2가 75%를 보였고 Type 3는 나타나지 않았다. 4. 실험 4군에서는 다른 실험군에서 보다 좀더 전형적인 산부식 양상을 보였다. 5. 설험군 간의 산부식 시간에 따른 부식 양상의 차이는 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 6. 산부식 시간이 길수록 부착에 유리한 Type 1과 Type 2가 주로 관찰되었으며 Type 3는 드물게 관찰되었다(p<0.05). 유전치에서 무소주 법랑질 층이 주로 존재하는 치경부 측에,와동의 변연부가 형성될 때에는 산부식 시간을 다소 길게 45∼60초 정도 하는 것이 수복물 유지를 향상시킬 것으로 여겨진다. The presence of a"prismless" layer on the enamel surface particularly on deciduous teeth has been reported by a number of workers. This structure, which appears to lack the normal prism delineations, could interfere with tag formation and hence, reduce bonding to such surfaces. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of etching times on the effect of acid etching on primary enamel with respect to the quality of etching patterns. Labial surfaces of 32 extracted or exfoliated caries-free primary anterior teeth were used. 35% phosphoric acid gel was used only cervical regions of labial surfaces for each etching time group, 15, 30, 45 and 60 seconds. The surfaces were then washed with water for 20 seconds and dried with air spray for 20 seconds. 1. The Type 3 is 75% when the 15 seconds acid etching time was used. 2. The Type 1 is 38% and Type 2 is 75% when the 30 and 45 seconds acid etching time was used. 3. The Type 1 is 25% and Type 2 is 75% when the 60 seconds acid etching time was used. 4. An etching time of 60 seconds produced a constant and regular etching pattern. 5. There is a significant difference between the groups with respect to the patterns of etch achieved(p<0.05). 6. We confirmed that the acid induced patterns(type 1, 2) became more pronounced when the application time increased(p<0.05). 45∼60 seconds was the optimal time for etching on the primary enamel.

Floristic characteristics of vascular plants and first distributional report of Pseudostellaria baekdusanensis M. Kim in Yongneup wetland protected area

Young-Chul Kim,Hyun-Hee Chae,Sang-Heock Oh,Seung-Ho Choi2,Moon-Pyo Hong3,Gi-Heum Nam,Jae-Yoon Choi,Hyun-Sook Choi,Kyu-Song Lee 한국환경생태학회 2015 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.29 No.2

Yongneup wetland protected area, the only high moor in Korea, is a core area to conserve biodiversity. Even though the Yongneup wetland protected area is relatively small, various plant species are distributed in the Yongneup wetland protected area because it includes various habitats showing different environmental gradients. Vascular plants distributed in the Yongneup wetland protected area were identified as a total of 376 taxa that is composed of 73 families, 217 genera, 322 species, 3 subspecies, 44 varieties and 7 forms. For endangered plants designated by the Ministry of Environment, 5 species including Trientalis europaea var. arctica, Lilium dauricum, Halenia corniculata, Lychnis wilfordii and Menyanthes trifoliata were found and 34 taxa were confirmed to be distributed only in the mountainous wetland habitats. Regarding naturalized plants, a total of 11 taxa were distributed, but most of them were distributed in the areas where artificial interference has occurred. And in areas inside the wetlands that are relatively well preserved, 2 species of Bidens frondosa and Erigeron annuus were observed. In this study, the occurrence and distribution of Pseudostellaria baekdusanensis M. Kim, which was recently found in Mt. Baekdu and reported as a new species, were identified in the Yongneup wetland protected area. A wetland is a very vulnerable area to drastic environmental changes and damages to its ecosystem could cause the extinction of rare plant species which are distributed only in the wetlands. Therefore, it is mandatory that current status of the Yongneup wetland protected area is evaluated and actions to prevent rapid environmental changes are taken. Fourteen separate investigations were conducted in 2013 and another four in 2014, to evaluate current status of the Yongneup wetland protected area. These investigations have provided us the basic information for future actions of conservation and restoration.

수종의 불소방출 수복재의 탈회억제 효과 및 불소침투에 관한 연구

김송이,최성철,최영철,김광철,박재홍 大韓小兒齒科學會 2010 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.37 No.3

자이오머(Giomer)는 레진강화형글라스아이오노머에 견줄 만큼 불소방출량이 많다고 하나, 우식예방 효과에 관한 연구들이 많지 않아 임상적용에 대한 근거가 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구는 자이오머(BF 군)를 포함하여 레진강화형글라스아이오노머(FF 군), 콤포머(DA 군)와 대조군인 콤포짓(FZ 군)의 우식억제 효과와 주변 치질로의 불소침투 양상을 비교하기 위하여, 공초점레이저주사현미경과 전자탐침미세분석기를 이용하여 각 수복재의 우식예방 효과를 비교하였으며, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 수복물 주위 이차 인공우식에서 법랑질 외측병변의 깊이는 FZ 군에서 가장 깊었으며, BF 군이 가장 작게 나타났다(p<0.05). 2. 수복물과 법랑질 계면에 나타난 탈회억제층의 두께를 관찰한 결과 FZ 군이 가장 작게 나타났으며, FF, DA, BF 간에는 유의성 있는 차이를 보이지 않았다(p<0.05). 3. 법랑질에 침투된 불소농도는 BF, FF, DA의 순으로 높게 나타났다. 4. 상아질에 침투된 불소농도는 DA, BF, FF의 순으로 높게 나타났으며, 이는 상아질-수복물의 접착 계면에 영향 받는 것으로 보인다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of light cured fluoride-releasing materials on the inhibition of demineralization. In addition, the pattern of fluoride uptake of adjacent tooth structure was analyzed with EPMA. Eighty intact premolars were restored with Filtek Z250(control group, composite), Fuji Filling LC(RMGI), Dyract AP (compomer) and Beautifil II(giomer). Restored teeth were stored in distilled water for 30 days. Thensixty teeth(n=15) were exposed to demineralizing solution(pH 4.3). Demineralized teeth were bisected and polished. The specimens were observed with confocal laser scanning microscope. The depth of outer lesion and the thickness of inhibition zone were measured. Remained twenty teeth(n=5) were bisected for fluoride uptake analysis. The fluoride analysis were taken at enamel-restoration interface and dentin-restoration interface by electron probe micro-analyzer. The results are as follows: 1. The depth of outer lesion of Fuji Filling LC, Dyract AP, Beautifil II was shallower than that of Filtek Z250 at the margin of restoration(p<0.05). 2. The thickness of caries inhibition zone of Fuji Filling LC, Dyract AP, Beautifil II was greater than that of Filtek Z250 at the margin of restoration(p<0.05). 3. Fuji Filling LC, Dyract AP, Beautifil II groups showed the greater fluoride uptake into enamel and dentine around restoration than Filtek Z250 group. 4. In dentin the difference of fluoride concentration were greater than in enamel, and Dyract AP showed the greatest fluoride concentration in dentin.

전치부의 경미한 공간부조화 개선을 위한 가철성 장치의 적용 예

곽아람,최영철,박재홍,최성철,김광철 大韓小兒齒科學會 2007 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.34 No.4

골격성 부조화가 없는 I급 부정교합은 치아-악궁 간의 크기 차이에 의한 총생(crowding)이나 공극(spacing)이 주된 문제점이다. 이와 같은 경미한 공간 부조화를 개선시키고자 할 때,치열의 종류,치아-악궁크기 부조화의 양,환자의 협조도,또는 환자의 요구 등에 따라 치료 방법은 다양할 수 있다. 본 증례보고에서는 I급 구치부 관계를 지니면서 전치부의 치아-악궁크기 부조화의 양이 크지 않은 영구치열에서 상하 악 전치부의 경미한 총생이나 공극이 관찰되는 경우에 사용할 수 있는 clear aligner와 spring aligner 장치의 이용에 관하여 보고하고자 한다. 이와 같은 장치들의 임상 적용에는 몇 가지 제한적인 조건이 있기는 하지만,잘 선택된 증례에서는 매우 유용하며 편리하게 이용될 수 있다. 특히 총생이 존재하는 경우에는 이를 해소시킬 공간이 치열 내에서 확보되어야 하므로,확실한 분석과 진단으로 치아 인접면 삭제의 양을 정확히 결정하여 각 치아들의 근심면과 원심면에서의 삭제의 양이 균등히 이루어질 수 있도록 하는 것이 바람직하다. 또한 치간에 공극이 존재하는 경우에는 배열 후 치열궁 둘레의 감소와 함께 상하악 전치부 간의 over-jet 문제가 생길 수 있어 대합치열과의 교합관계에 신중을 기하여야 한다. Class I malocclusion without skeletal problem results from tooth size/arch-size discrepancies, either evidenced by crowding, or spacing problems. Treatment method can be chosen according to dentition, the amount of arch discrepancy, patient compliance, or patient demands. We report of clear aligner and spring aligner that can be applicated in cases of permanent dentition with minimal arch discrepancy in anterior segment. There are some limits of application, but these are very useful appliances in the selective case. When crowding exists, definitive analysis and diagnosis should be made before starting treatment because certain amount of space must be obtained somewhere in the dentition to resolve the crowding. Therefore, appliance should be applied when lacking space is small. Also, in cases with spacing arch circumference is reduced after alignment so no problem in intermaxilla occlusal relationship must be confirmed. In case with crowding, judicious removal of interproximal enamel is indicated.

구순구개열 환아에서의 치조골이식

조해성,박재홍,김광철,최성철,이긍호,최영철 대한소아치과학회 2007 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.34 No.1

치조파열 및 구개열과 같은 선천성 기형은 이환된 환자에게 기능적, 심미적으로 많은 문제점을 야기하므로 정상으로 회복시켜 주는 것은 중요한 문제이다. 장기간 방치될 경우 영양장애, 구강위생 불량, 호흡기 간염, 언어 장애, 악안면 변형, 그리고 정신적인 문제 등이 복합적으로 발생할 수 있다. 따라서 구순구개열 환자의 치료는 여러 전문 치료 분야의 복합적인 접근이 필요하다. 골이식은 구순구개열 환자에 있어 중요한 치과치료 단계이다. 치아의 맹출과 치열의 안정화를 위해 치열궁은 골격손이 없이 완전해져야 한다. 또한 치열궁의 파열이 있는 부위로는 정상적인 교정적 치아이동이 곤란하다. 따라서 구순구개열 환자에 있어 골이식은 광범위하게 적용되고 있는 외과적 술식이다. 치조골을 이식함으로써 치조열은 안정화되고, 견치 또는 절치가 이식부위로 이동할 수 있게 된다. 그리고 골 이식 후, 교정을 통해 치조열 부위의 공간을 폐쇄함으로써 보철 치료 없이 치열을 재형성할 수 있다. 골이식술에는 다양한 이식재료가 사용되었다. 자가골을 이식할 경우 장골이 가장 선호되며, 그 밖에 경골, 늑골, 두개골, 하악골을 이용하기도 한다. 그리고 골이식은 골이식 시기에 따라 일차골이식, 조기 이차골이식, 이차골이식, 만기 이차골이식으로 구분할 수 있다. 이차골이식은 혼합치열기 말경에 시행되는 것을 말하며 가장 좋은 것으로 받아들여지고 있다. 영구 견치가 맹출되기 전에 이차골이식을 시행하면 인접치아의 맹출과 보존에 도움이 된다. 본 증례에서는 치조구개파열 환자의 장골에서 골을 채취하여 골 이식을 시행한 후, 골이 채워진 이식 부위에 인접 치아가 성공적으로 이동하거나 치축이 개선되고 교정치료를 통해 치열궁 배열의 만족스러운 결과를 얻었기에 이를 보고하는 바이다 Cleft lip and palate are congenital craniofacial malformation. Reconstruction of dental arch in patient with alveolo-palatal clefts is very important, because they have many problems in functions and esthetics. Malnutrition, poor oral hygiene, respiratory infections, speech malfunctions, maxillofacial deformity, and psychological problems may be occured without proper treatment during the long period of management of the cleft lip and palate. So the treatment should be managed with a multidisciplinary approach. Bone grafting is a consequential step in the dental rehabilitation of the cleft lip and palate patient. A complete alveolar arch should be achieved of the teeth to erupt in and to form a stable dentition. And the presence of the cleft complicate the orthodontic treatment. Therefore bone grafting in patients with cleft lip and palate is a widely adopted surgical procedure. Grafted bone stabilizes the alveolar process and allows the canine or incisor to move into the graft site. After the bone grafting, orthodontic closure of the maxillary arch has become a common practice for achieving dental reconstruction without any prosthodontic treatment. Various grafting materials have been used in alveolar clefts. Iliac bone is most widely fovoured, but tibia, rib, cranial bone, mandible have also been used. And according to its time of occurrence, the bone graft may be divided into primary, early secondary, secondary, late secondary. Bone grafting is called secondary when performed later, at the end of the mixed dentition. It is the most accepted procedure and has become part of treatment of protocol. A secondary bone graft is performed preferably before the eruption of the permanent canine in order to provide adequate periodontal support for the eruption and preservation of the teeth adjacent to the cleft. In this report, we report here on a patient with unilateral cleft lip and palate, who underwent iliac bone graft. The cleft was fully obliterated by grafted bone in the region of the alveolar process. The presence of bone permitted physiologic tooth movement and the orthodontic movement of adjacent tooth into the former cleft area. Satisfactory arch alignment could be achieved in by subsequent orthodontic treatment.

열공형과 비열공형 피질하 혈관성 치매에서 위험인자의 차이에 관한 비교 연구

배희준,정지향,유경호,나덕렬,김상윤,최경규,양동원,손의주,이상도,김재우,박경원,김응규,이재홍,박미영,한일우,함동석,최문성,하충건,최성혜,이애영,이병철,한설희 대한치매학회 2003 Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders Vol.2 No.2

Backgrounds and Objectives: Vascular dementia is a group of dementing disoders arising from various stroke syndrome. Among these. subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD) is regarded as a relatively distinct clinical entity. However, MRI patterns of SIVD are not homogenous. In some patients, lacunes are dominant, and in others, subcortical white matter changes are. This study was designed to compare risk factor profiles between SIVD with and without multiple lacunes. Methods: We divided 47 subjects (22 males, mean age. 68 years) recruited from VADAPET (Multicenter Trial For Evaluation Of The Changes In the PET Images Of Subcortical Vascular Dementia Patient) study into two groups one with more than 5 lacunes in deep gray matter (lacune group) and the other with 5 or less(non-lacune group) Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of two groups were compared. Results: Nineteen of 47 patients (40%) belonged to the lacune group. The lacune and non-lacune groups d d not differ in the following variables: age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia heart disease, history of stroke or TIA, history of trauma or major surgery, family history of hypertension stroke, or dementia, age at diagnosis of dementia, body mass index, white blood cell count, ESR, CRP, fibrinogen, hemoglobin A1C, total cholesterol. LDL cholesterol creatinine, proteinuria, glucosuria, and microhematuria. However, male sex, smoking alcohol. hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol were possibly associated more with lacune group SIVD than with non-lacune group (p<0 1) Multivariate analyses revealed that smoking, hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol were independent predictors of SIVD with multiple lacunes Conclusion: Our study suggests that SIVD with multiple lacunes may be significantly different in smoking habits hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol from SIVD without multiple lacunes.

농촌지역 노인들의 우울증상에 관련된 요인들의 특성

송미숙,전기홍,송현종,김정은,박승구,신상건,이동훈,정성현,최연주,최완철,최민규,황재철,홍지만 아주대학교 1997 아주의학 Vol.2 No.2

This study was performed to identify risk factors for depression among the elderly in a rural area. A survey was done for the elderly living in Gosam-myenn, Ansung-kun during the period of July 28, 1997 and July 30, 1997. Demographic and sodoeconornic characteristics, and functional and health Status were assessed using a structured questionnaire, and the level of depression was measured by GDS score. The data obtained were analyzed by frequencies, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression, and the results were as follows: 1. The total sample consisted of 133 elderly. Of them, 47 elderly (35.4%) showed significant depressive Symptoms. 2. The GDS score was the highest for the group over 85 years of age (p < 0.05). Those living alone or widowed showed lower GDS score than those living with someone or married (p < 0.05). 3. The GDS score was the highest in the absolutely dependent group, followed by the partially dependent group, and the independent group (p < 0.01). The elderly who perceived their health Status as excellent showed the lowest GDS score. In contrast, those who had more than five chronic diseases showed the highest GDS score. 4. The elderly receiving financial and emotional support from their family or friends showed lower GDS score compared to those without any support. 5. The economically dependent group showed higher GDS score than that of independent group. 6. The elderly who involved in leisure activities showed lower GDS score than those without any involvement. 7. In terms of risk factors for depression, we found that perceived health Status, subjective economic Status, leisure activities, living arrangement and financial support were inversely associated with GDS score, whereas labor support was positively associated with GDS score. Based upon the above findings, this study suggests that these risk factors for depression in the elderly should be taken into consideration for a comprehensive mental health program for the elderly living in the rural area.

동충하초균의 균종과 접종방법에 따른 자실체형성특징

최재희,박진철,김성만,김용철,이충열,박현철,최인수 밀양대학교 농업기술개발연구소 2000 農業技術開發硏究所報 Vol.4 No.1

Effects of photoperiod(23L or 24D) to the growth of the silkworn vegetable wasp and plant worm were investigated. Exposure of the fungi to 24L photoperiod for at least 3 days accelerated the formation of the spore, but the growth of the fruiting bodies was inhibited. On the contrary, 24D photoperiod inhibited the spore formation, but accelerated the growth of fruiting bodies. Accordingly to harvest high quality silkworm vegetable wasp and plant worm, it is suggested that recommendable light condition for production of longer fruiting bodies is 24D photoperiod during the cultivation.

관상동맥조영술중 비이온성 조영제 Iodixanol (Visipaque®)에 의해 발생한 아나필락시양 반응 1예

최원욱,조정수,김성철,김상훈,안영수,최재웅 대한내과학회 2004 대한내과학회지 Vol.66 No.1

흉통을 주소로 내원한 45세 남자에서 관상동맥조영술 중 비이온성 조영제에 의하여 아나필락시양 반응이 발생한 증례를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다. Radiocontrast agent infusion is the most common cause of non-IgE mediated anaphylactoid reaction in the modern medical procedures. The newer lower-osmolar nonionic contrast agents cause significantly lower adverse reactions than the high-osmolar ones. However, anaphylactoid reaction to nonionic contrast agent can cause life-threatening events and even death has been rarely reported. Iodixanol (Visipaque®) is a nonionic, dimeric contrast agent, which is currently used in cardiac catheterization. Here we report a case of anaphylactoid reaction to Iodixanol, a nonionic radiocontrast agent, during cardiac catheterization. A 45-year-old male patient underwent cardiac catheterization for evaluation of substernal pain during exercise. Five minutes after this contrast injection to the left coronary artery, he complained itching and dizziness. Subsequently, generalized urticaria, cyanosis and hypotension were developed. His coronary angiogram showed normal findings. He was treated with intravenous fluids, intravenous diphenhydramine, sucutaneous epinephrine and sympathomimetics and one hour later he recovered. This case suggests that anaphylactoid reaction to a radiocontrast media, iodixanol, should be considered in the list of differential diagnoses for cardiopulmonary arrest during cardiac catheterization.