소아 야뇨증에 대한 임상적 고찰

김승수,곽병곤,김영대,김우경,김영균,이종국 白中央醫療院 2005 仁濟醫學 Vol.26 No.1

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of enuretic children and to evaluate the efficacy of treatments. Methods: Our study subjects enrolled were 52 children with nocturnal enuresis, who visited outpatient clinic of pediatrics in Seoul Paik Hospital and Ilsan Paik Hospital, during the period from October 1998 to August 2004. The data of gender, age, family history, symptom, clinical type of enuresis and drug therapy were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Results: The male : female ratio was 2.25 : 1. The mean age at diagnosis was 6.8 years with an age range from 4.3 years to 12.5 years. Fourty five cases(86.5%) were diagnosed as primary enuresis and 7 cases(13.5%) were diagnosed as secondary enuresis. A family history of enuresis was noted in 5 cases(9.6%) including 4 cases with parental enuresis history. The accompanying urinary symptoms were urgency(11.5%), frequency (7.7%), and dysuria(2.0%). Conclusion: We found frequent occurrences of enuresis in boys and primary type and an occasional association with a family history of enuresis. The two main treatment modalities were behavior control with an alarm system and drug therapy with imipramine, desmopressin, or oxybutynin. We recommend continuous drug medications to control nocturnal enuresis along with encouragement.

Easy Preparation of Readily Self-Assembled High-Performance Graphene Oxide Fibers

Kim, Yern Seung,Kang, Jong Hun,Kim, Taehoon,Jung, Yeonsu,Lee, Kunsil,Oh, Jun Young,Park, Jisoo,Park, Chong Rae American Chemical Society 2014 Chemistry of materials Vol.26 No.19

<P>Graphene oxide (GO) was recently reported to assemble into one-dimensional fiber precursors that can be used to produce next-generation multifunctional graphene-based materials. This study describes the facile fabrication of GO fibers with excellent mechanical properties, utilizing a diamine cross-linker that forms ion bridges between the GO layers. Organic co-coagulants and postdrawing processes, which are usually employed in typical GO spinning processes, were not used here. The GO layers readily aligned along the spinning axis, and the GO formed closely packed structures in the fibers. The fibers displayed a Young’s modulus of 26.6 GPa and a maximal tensile strength of 384.3 MPa. The interlayer microstructure of the GO sheets could be tuned by modifying the structures of the cross-linking diamine groups, yielding a range of mechanical properties. These observations suggested that our newly developed GO fiber synthesis method could allow applications of graphene-based fibrous materials through GO surface chemistry modification approaches.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/cmatex/2014/cmatex.2014.26.issue-19/cm502614w/production/images/medium/cm-2014-02614w_0008.gif'></P>

Quantitative comparison of mRNA expression of glucosyltransferase(GTF) between xylitol-resistant(X^(R)) and xylitol-sensitive(X^(s)) mutans streptococci

Kim, Chong-Chul,Lee, Mi-Na,Kim, Young-Jae,Lee, Sung-Hoon 大韓小兒齒科學會 2006 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.33 No.1

Since the long-term exposure of mutans streptococci to xylitol is known to select for xylitol-resistant(X^(R)) natural mutants, the occurrence and survival of such X^(R) strains were performed in batch culture methods. The aim of the study was to compare the differentiation and quantification of mRNA expression of the gtf genes of X^(R) and X^(S) mutans streptococci. Using a real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, the expression of each gtf was determined. In X^(R) strains, the relative levels of transcription of gtfB and gtfC were decreased while that of gtfD was increased, suggesting the presence of independent promoters. It also suggested that mutation related to production of glucosyltransferase occurred under the exposure of xylitol could explain the caries-preventive mechanisms of xylitol. 자일리톨에 장기간 노출된 mutans streptococci는 자일리톨에 내성이 발현되어 자일리톨 내성균주가 생성된다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 mutans streptococci에서 자일리톨 내성균주와 감성균주의 gtf 유전자 발현량을 각각의 유전자별로 정량적으로 분석하고 비교하는 것이다. 실시간 역전사 중합효소연쇄반응법을 이용하여 각각의 gtf 발현을 조사한 결과 gtfD는 증가한 반면. gtfB와 gtfC는 감소하였는데 이는 각 유전자의 독립된 조절기전이 존재함을 보여주는 것이다. 또한 자일리톨에 노출된 mutans streptococci에서의 glucosyltransferase와 연관된 유전자변형이 자일리톨의 치아우식증 예방효과의 작용기전 중 하나임을 알 수 있었다.

수평 매복된 상악 중절치의 교정적 견인 : 증례 보고

김미니,김영재,김정욱,장기택,김종철,한세현,이상훈 大韓小兒齒科學會 2008 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.35 No.4

본 증례는 수평 변위 매복과 치근 만곡을 가진 상악 중절치를 폐쇄 노출법을 이용한 교정적 견인을 시행하여 영구 전치의 기능과 심미성을 회복하였다. 상악 영구 전치가 수평으로 매복된 경우,가급적 조기에 발견하는 것이 중요하며, 촉진,시진,방사선 사진 등을 이용한 적절한 치료 계획의 수립이 필요하다. 상악 영구 전치의 매복이 조기에 적절히 치료되지 못하면 정중선의 변위,인접치의 이동에 의한 맹출 공간의 감소,치조골 높이의 차이 뿐만 아니라,이로 인한 심미적인 문제를 야기하여 소아 심리 발달에 해로운 영향을 줄 수 있기 때문이다. 매복치의 치료는 매복치의 형태,위치,상태에 따라 다양하나,주기적 관찰 방법,상부 연조직과 경조직을 단순히 제거하여 맹출을 유도하는 방법,외과적 노출 후 매복치를 교정적으로 견인하는 방법,치아 이식술,발치 등을 시행할 수 있다. 이중 이번 증례에서 시행한 매복치의 교정적 견인은 매복치의 치축이 정상 맹출로와 일치되지 않으며,주기적인 관찰 후 더 이상의 맹출이 기대되지 않을 때 시행하는 가장 일반적으로 적용되는 방법으로 매복의 심도,치아의 발육단계,만곡의 부위와 정도,수술방법과 견인방향 등을 고려하여 치료의 예후를 향상 시킬 수 있다. Maxillary central incisor impactions occur infrequently. Their origins include various local causes, such as odontoma, supernumerary teeth, space loss, and disturbances in the eruption path, also trauma and apical follicular cysts. Impacted teeth can cause serious dental and aesthetic difficulties as well as psychological problems especially in anterior regions. Although the impaction of maxillary incisor occurs less frequently than that of the maxillary canine. it is of concern to parents during the early mixed dentition stage because of the uneruption of the tooth. Forced eruption of impacted teeth should be considered in young patients because this technique can lead to suitable results from a periodontal, occlusal, and esthetic perspective at an earlier stage better than with other treatment options. This report presents the surgical and orthodontic treatment of cases with horizontally impacted and dilacerated maxillary central incisors. For each patient. we used the closed eruption method. placed an attachment on the impacted tooth on surgery, and fully closed the flap. Traction was applied immediately. The impacted tooth erupts through the healed tissue in a manner resembling normal eruption.

하악골 절제술후 재이식된 돌결자가골 재이식 : 치험 3례

김 식,김수관,김운규,김수민,류종희,이준길,조경안,김수흥,정태영,여환호 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2001 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.23 No.2

We described three cases of immediate reimplantation of a frozen-thawed autogenous mandible composed of a mixture of iliac bone, marrow, and particulate hydroxyapatite in tumors of the mandible. Acceptable outcomes were obtained in three patients who underwent immediate autogenous mandibular graft reconstruction. The conditions leading to successful outcome of the procedure are also discussed. Reimplantation of frozen autogenous lesioned mandible was performed in three patients with mandibular tumors. Two reimplanted grafts survived without complications following surgery. One case had postoperative infection that resolved with appropriate antibiotic treatment. There were no recurrences of the primary lesions. Satisfactory facial contour after surgery was achieved. These results are most promising, and we believe that, with further refinement, this technique will offer a new and acceptable modality for facial reconstruction in patients with cancer.

국내 초·중·고등학교 홈페이지의 생물 교육 정보에 관한 활용 실태 분석

김유정,김현섭,김종균,박영철 공주대학교 사범대학 과학교육연구소 1998 과학교육연구 Vol.29 No.1

인터넷은 세계적인 흐름과 정보를 필요로 하는 수요의 증가에 편승하여 교육 정치, 문화 등 사회 전반적으로 필요성이 커지고 있다. 학교 홈페이지는 인터넷 자체에 대한 교육에 활용될 수 있다. 특히 인터넷을 활용한 과학 교육은 학습자의 적극적인 참여를 유도 할 수 있으며, 학습자 스스로 교육 내용과 방법을 구성할 수 있는 열린 과학 교육의 장을 제공할 수 있다. 따라서 국내 초·중·고등학교 홈페이지의 실태와 문제점 분석은 원격 교육을 통한 효과적인 교육, 특히 생물 교육을 위해 종합적이고 분석적인 연구가 절실히 요구된다. 이러한 연구를 통해 현재 국내 학교 홈페이지의 문제점을 분석하고, 사용자들의 관심도와 그 활용 실태를 분석하여 개선 방향을 제시하는게 본 연구의 목적이다. 각 학교 홈페이지의 평가 기준에 의한 점수를 분석한 결과, 초등 학교의 경우 모든 학교가 50점 미만의 점수를 얻었고, 50점 이상의 학교는 중학교가 약 14.3%, 고등 학교가 15%로 나타났다. 선정된 학교를 지역별로 보면, 서울이 가장 많은 학교가 있었고, 그 외엔 부산, 광주, 경기도 등의 순으로 나타났다. 국내 초·중·고등학교 홈페이지는 대부분 학교 소개에 국한되어 있으며, 학습자의 참여도 대부분 하루평균 1회에서 2회로 사용 빈도가 활발치 못한 것으로 분석되었다. 교사의 학습자들에 대한 보습, 지도 효과는 거의 없는 것으로 나타났고, 정보의 효율성을 뒷받침하는 정보 교환 장소는 형식적인 게시판 정도에 불과하였으며 관련된 정보 역시 학습자들의 활용에 효율성이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 생물 정보의 경우, 초등학교는 F, G, L학교만이 과학 관련 자료를 싣고 있었다. F학교는 자연에 대한 유익한 자료들이 연결되어 있지만 구성력이 없으며 그 대부분이 외국 자료이고, G학교는 동식물에 관한 자료만 얻을 수 있었고, L학교는 과학 관련 정보가 빈약하였다. 중학교는 C, Q, R, T, U학교만이 과학 관련 자료가 연결되어 있었다. C학교는 홈페이지에서 직접 관련 자료로 이동 할 수 없는 불편한 점이 있었고 과학 관련 자료도 비체계적이어서 학습자들이 쉽게 이용할 수 없다. 자료 역시 대부분 외국 자료이므로 외국어에 능숙하지 못한 학습자들의 활용에 어려움이 따른다. T학교의 경우, Oomph!에 연결되어 과학 관련 자료를 얻을 수 있는데, 이 학교는 국내 중학교 중 가장 많은 자료가 수록되어 있었으며 분야별로 체계적이지는 못했지만 비교적 외국 자료가 적어 학습자들의 교과 활동에 도움이 되는 것으로 나타났다. 고등학교는 E, F, I, J, L, N, S, T학교가 과학 관련 자료가 연결되어 있었다. B학교는 보물창고란에 물리에 10개의 사이트, 화학에 14개, 생물에 17개, 지구과학에 15개가 연결되어 국내 고등 학교 중 가장 많은 자료를 올려놓고 있지만 보물창고란 모두 외국 자료이므로 외국어 해독 능력이 부족한 학습자들의 정보 이용에 큰 도움을 주지 못하는 것으로 분석되었다. I와 S, T학교는 분야별로 세분되지는 않았지만 개인 또는 대학에 있는 생물 관련 학과와 연결해 놓는 등 국내 학생들의 정보 활용에 어느 정도 기여하고 있었다. J학교 생물부에서 주요활동으로 하는 실험 내용과 외국 자료를 실어 놓았으나 그 지식은 일부 분야에 국한되어 있고 조직화되어 있지 않았다. 따라서 국내 초·중·고등학교 홈페이지의 생물 자료는 몇 개의 학교가 연결되어 있으나 체계적이지 못할 뿐 아니라 전문 지식이 없으며 외국 자료가 많아 국내 학습자들의 교과 활용에 어려움이 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 조사 결과를 바탕으로 학교 홈페이지의 생물 교육 정보 자료의 질적 향상을 위해 활용 실태를 분석하고 그 개선 방안을 제시하는데 의의가 있다. The necessity of the Internet has been increasing more and more in the educational, political, cultural and social areas due to the increasing need for information. Homepages established by each school can be used for Internet education. In particular, science education through Internet will induce positive participation of students and provide learners with opportunities for self-directed learning. Therefore, diagnosis and analysis through systematic and analytic research of problems of homepages created by preliminary and secondary schools are highly needed to promote efficient education, particularly in the biology education field. The purpose of this research is to suggest ways to improve school homepages in turns of user's concerns and appearances based on analyzed results. Based on the analysed results using evaluation tools, all primary schools got under 50 points, and only 14.3% of middle schools and approximately 15% of high schools got over 50 points out of a possible 100 points. In respect to regional homepage distribution, Seoul placed first in the number of schools. Pusan, Kwangju and Kyunggi Province followed. The role of most school homepages surveyed was limited to introducing their schools, and learners visit these sites only one or two times a day, and not enough educational information was revealed to be efficient. Teacher's instruction regarding homepages was found to be ineffective. In addition, info-exchange place supporting information exchange efficiency was limited to formal bulletin boards, and information relating to learning also turned out to be unhelpful to learner's usage. In the case of the primary school, only F, G and L schools uploaded data connected with science especially in the field of biology. In F school, although it links with useful data about nature, those data appear to be unsystematic and link too many foreign data. G school only provides data relating to zoology and botany, and L school loads very little science-related data. In the case of the middle school, only C, Q, R, T and U schools have data relating to science. C school has a defect in direct linking with related data in homepage. Also, users incapable of foreign language skills can not make use of the data because it is unsystematic and written in a foreign language. But T school links "Oomph!" so that student can obtain some data relating to science. This school retains more Korean data than the other domestic middle school homepages though it is unsystematic. In the case of the high school, E, F, I, J, L, N, S and T school homepages link with science data. B school loads more data than the domestic high schools, which links with 10 physics sites, 14 chemistry sites, 17 biology sites, 15 earth science sites. However, the "Treasure box" sector is composed of foreign data, which is unhelpful to learners who are not good at foreign languages. Though I, S and T school homepages do not classify the data by each field, they link with private or domestic university biology sites, so students can use them. J school loads foreign data and the texts of laboratory activities in its biology section, but they are unsystematic and limited. In conclusion, few domestic school homepages link with data relating to biology. Those data are unsystematic, have no specialized knowledge and contain too much foreign data, so there are many difficulties in using them for domestic learners. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to suggest the improvements for enhancing the quality of biology instruction information through homepages based on analysis of homepage problems for both users and owners.

肺炎樣疾患의 臨床的 觀察

김기호,홍순조,이효식,강문원,김호연,정규원,정희영,전종휘,김선무,이종무,김정진 대한의학협회 1976 대한의학협회지 Vol.19 No.4

도플러지수를 이용한 급성 심근경색증의 진단에 있어 노인 환자의 특징

김원,조규종,오세현,이영수,이은주,홍진숙,김영득,현석천,임경수 대한노인병학회 2000 Annals of geriatric medicine and research Vol.4 No.4

Myopic Bounds for the Random Yield and Nonstationary Stochastic Leadtime Demand Problem

Kim, Keun-Chong,Song, Young-Hyo The Institute of Management Hong-ik University 2001 Hongik business review Vol.4 No.-

The purpose of the current paper is to combine the results of Morton and Pentico^3) Anupindi et al.^4) for the nonstationary stochastic leadtime inventory problem with recent works of Kim^12,13) which considered the production capacity, random yields, and nonstationary demand, and a production planning model under JIT delivery contracts. We can obtain myopic, and near-myopic heuristic upper and lower bounds for the case of nonstationary stochastic leadtime demands with random yields due to the variable production capacity.

영골(靈骨).강압혈(降壓穴) 자극(刺鍼)이 혈압(血壓)에 미치는 영향(影向)

임영남,심성용,한지완,고호연,박종형,한양희,전찬용,김동우,Yim, Young-Nam,Sim, Sung-Yong,Han, Ji-Wan,Ko, Ho-Yeon,Park, Chong-Hyeong,Han, Yang-Hee,Chun, Chan-Yong,Kim, Dong-Woo 대한한방내과학회 2004 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.25 No.2

Objective : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical effect of the non-pharmacological anti-hypertension method, acupuncture, for hypertensive patients. Methods : 26 patients diagnosed with hypertension were each treated by one of three methods: an anti-hypertension drug(adalat soft capsule), venepuncture, and acupuncture. In cases of rising blood pressure, patients were treated by their one of the three methods, and blood pressure was measured at regular intervals. Result : As for the group of acupuncture treated patients on Young-gol(ling-gu) and Gang-ap-hyul(jiang-ya-xue), readings dropped 18.0mmHg in systolic blood pressure and 6.50mmHg in diastolic blood pressure. This was a greater effect than that seen in the venepuncture treated patients. Blood pressure checked one hour after acupuncture treatment showed a greater difference than blood pressure checked after thirty minutes. Conclusion : Safe reductions in blood pressure were observed through the non-pharmacological method of acupuncture on Young-gol(ling-gu) and Gang-ap-hyul(Jiang-ya-xue).