유전계보학 활용의 법적 함의

정규원,정규원 경찰대학 범죄수사연구원 2022 범죄수사학연구 Vol.8 No.1

With the progress of scientific technology in the field of genetics, the genetic information for use has been expanded and widely used for various purposes in many fields. Genetic genealogy is the use of DNA testing in combination with traditional genealogy methods to infer genetic relationships between individuals. This is currently used for not only inferring biological ancestors in their pedigree in research but also kinship testing and forensic investigation in practices. With the growing industry of DTC services, genetic genealogy is expanding, which proved its promising use by playing an important role in solving multiple cold cases in the US. However it was revealed that there were legal and ethical issues in the process regarding the control and use of genetic information generated with the informed consent of the purpose of the specific service. This situation made the discussion on issues related to the use of genetic genealogy and legal regulation in the US. In Korea, the situation is not such severe possibly due to a gap of genetic data available in countries. However, it is unpredictable for further application regarding the possible range of genetic information for use in genetic genealogy with highly advanced techniques in the future. Therefore, it is important to discuss possible risk and countermeasures able to be taken in advance. Here, we reviewed the precedent cases with potential issues in other countries, and discussed the current system in Korea. It is very important to continue discussing how to protect private information and genetic privacy, and to consider the advanced level of science and technology at the time of the discussion. 과학 기술의 발전과 함께 유전자 분석 기법의 비약적인 발전은 유전 정보 생성을 활성화시키고 있고, 이를 통해 생성된 유전 정보는 여러 분야에서 다양한 목적으로 활용되고 있다. 유전계보학은 유전자 분석과 전통적인 계보학을 결합하여 유전 정보로부터 사람들 사이의 유전학적 인척 관계를 추론하는 것으로서, 생물학적 조상 추론 연구에서 나아가 논란이 되는 인척 관계 확인이나 범죄사건의 용의자 추정 등 법률적 판단이 필요한 영역에서 활용하려는 움직임이 증가하고 있다. DTC 서비스 산업의 확대는 유전계보학의 활용을 확장시켰고, 이는 실제 미국에서 여러 미제 사건 해결에 기여함으로써 유용성을 증명하였다. 그러나 특정된 서비스의 목적 동의하에 생성된 유전 정보의 보관 및 활용과 관련하여 그 과정에서 법적·윤리적 문제가 있었음이 드러났고, 이러한 상황에 대한 대책 마련의 시급성이 높은 미국에서는 논란된 사항에 대한 분석과 함께 법적 규제 방법에 대한 논의가 시작되었다. 우리나라의 경우 실무에 유전계보학을 활용하기 위한 기반 환경이 외국과는 다르기 때문에 현재는 그 시급성이 높지는 않다. 그러나 다양한 기술 및 기법의 적용을 통해 유전 정보의 활용 가능한 범위를 예측하는 것은 쉽지 않으므로 가까운 미래 상황을 고려하여 문제 발생을 최소화할 수 있는 대책에 대해 미리 논의하는 것은 중요할 것으로 생각되었다. 본 연구에서는 해외 선례의 검토를 통해 잠재적인 사안들을 검토해 보고, 현재 우리나라의 상황에서 더 고민해 보아야 하는 사항들에 대해 논의해 보았다. 다양한 영역에서 유전 정보를 활용함에 있어서 개인의 소중한개인정보와 사생활을 보호하는 것에 대한 지속적인 논의는 매우 중요할 뿐만이 아니라 그 시점에서의 과학 기술 수준 또한 고려되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

동북아 Super Grid 구축 및 에너지협력 실현

정규원,Jeong, Gyu-Won 대한전기협회 2012 전기저널 Vol.- No.422

한-러 계통연계 추진현황 및 향후과제

정규원,Jeong, Gyu-Won 대한전기협회 2014 전기저널 Vol.- No.445

B형 간염에서 관찰되는 간세포 증식상 : 특히 포상세포에 대하여 Particularly Acinar Cells

정규원,김부성,최황,정환국,선희식,박두호 대한소화기학회 1998 대한소화기학회지 Vol.31 No.6

Background/Aims: One of the major rnorphologic characteristics of hepatitis B (HB) is a cellular regeneration. The purpose of this study is to document the proliferative state of hepatocytes in various types of HB, using immunohistochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Methods: Eighty-three cases with HB comprise 11 cases of acute hepatitis (AH), 24 cases of chronic lobular hepatitis (CLH), 34 cases of chronic active hepatitis with early cirrhosis (CAHEC) and 14 cases of circumscribed hepatie necrosis (CHN). The PCNA was tested by immunohistochemical staining using anti-PCNA antibody. Results: The expression rate and labelling index of PCNA were 27.3% and 5.3±0.9% in AH, 62.5% and 22.9±31.7% in CLH, then 47.1% and 14.1±24.2% in CAHEC, respectively. By contrast, no detectable PCNA expression was noted at all in acinar liver cells (ALC). ln our follow-up study, CHN containing ALC was developed from massive hepatic necrosis which is believed to be a state of impaired regeneration, Accordingly, the regeneration of ALC seems to be impaired. Conclusions: The false proliferating activity of ALC may he influenced by the lack in regenerating activity of precursor lesion with massive hepatic cell necrosis which is considered to be a state of impaired regeneration.

약사법 위반에 대한 법률의 착오 - 대판 2004. 1. 15, 2001도1429

정규원 대한의료법학회 2004 의료법학 Vol.5 No.2

Prediction of Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Korea, 2017

정규원,원영주,오창모,공현주,이덕형,이강현 대한암학회 2017 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.49 No.2

Purpose This study aimed to report on cancer incidence and mortality for the year 2017 in Korea in order to estimate the nation’s current cancer burden. Materials and Methods Cancer incidence data from 1999 to 2014 were obtained from the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database, and cancer mortality data from 1993 to 2015 were acquired from Statistics Korea. Cancer incidence and mortality were projected by fitting a linear regression model to observe age-specific cancer rates against observed years, and then multiplying the projected age-specific rates by the age-specific population. The Joinpoint regression model was used to determine at which year the linear trend changed significantly; we only used data of the latest trend. Results A total of 221,143 new cancer cases and 80,268 cancer deaths are expected to occur in Korea in 2017. The most common cancer sites are the colorectum, stomach, lung, thyroid, and breast. These five cancers represent half of the overall burden of cancer in Korea. For mortality, the most common sites are the lung, liver, colorectal, stomach, and pancreas. Conclusion The incidence rate of all cancers in Korea appears to have decreased mainly because of a decrease in thyroid cancer. These up-to-date estimates of the cancer burden in Korea could be an important resource for planning and evaluation of cancer-control programs.

Cancer Statistics in Korea: Incidence, Mortality, Survival, and Prevalence in 2014

정규원,원영주,오창모,공현주,이덕형,이강현,Chang-Hoon Kim,Cheol-In Yoo,Heon Kim,남해성,Jung-Sik Huh,Jung-Ho Youm,Moo-Kyung Oh,홍남수,권순석,Woo-Chul Kim,강윤식 대한암학회 2017 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.49 No.2

Purpose This study presents the 2014 nationwide cancer statistics in Korea, including cancer incidence, survival, prevalence, and mortality. Materials and Methods Cancer incidence data from 1999 to 2014 was obtained from the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database and followed until December 31, 2015. Mortality data from 1983 to 2014 were obtained from Statistics Korea. The prevalence was defined as the number of cancer patients alive on January 1, 2015, among all cancer patients diagnosed since 1999. Crude and age-standardized rates (ASRs) for incidence, mortality, prevalence, and 5-year relative survivals were also calculated. Results In 2014, 217,057 and 76,611 Koreans were newly diagnosed and died from cancer respectively. The ASRs for cancer incidence and mortality in 2014 were 270.7 and 85.1 per 100,000, respectively. The all-cancer incidence rate has increased significantly by 3.4% annually from 1999 to 2012, and started to decrease after 2012 (2012-2014; annual percent change, –6.6%). However, overall cancer mortality has decreased 2.7% annually since 2002. The 5-year relative survival rate for patients diagnosed with cancer between 2010 and 2014 was 70.3%, an improvement from the 41.2% for patients diagnosed between 1993 and 1995. Conclusion Age-standardized cancer incidence rates have decreased since 2012 and mortality rates have also declined since 2002, while 5-year survival rates have improved remarkably from 1993-1995 to 2010-2014 in Korea.

Prediction of Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Korea, 2016

정규원,원영주,오창모,공현주,조현순,이종근,이덕형,이강현 대한암학회 2016 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.48 No.2

Purpose To estimate of Korea’s current cancer burden, this study aimed to report on projected cancer incidence and mortality rates for the year 2016. Materials and Methods Cancer incidence data from 1999 to 2013 were obtained from the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database, and cancer mortality data from 1993 to 2014 were acquired from Statistics Korea. Cancer incidence in 2016 was projected by fitting a linear regression model to observed age-specific cancer incidence rates against observed years, then multiplying the projected age-specific rates by the age-specific population. The Joinpoint regression model was used to determine at which year the linear trend changed significantly. Results A total of 254,962 new cancer cases and 75,172 cancer deaths are expected to occur in Korea in 2016. The five leading primary cancer incident sites in 2016 were estimated colorectal, stomach, lung, liver and thyroid cancer in men; thyroid, breast, colorectal, stomach, and lung cancer in women. Conclusion Currently cancer is one of the foremost public health concerns in Korea. Although cancer rates are anticipated to decrease the nation’s cancer burden will continue to increase as the population ages.

Cancer Statistics in Korea: Incidence, Mortality, Survival, and Prevalence in 2015

정규원,원영주,공현주,이은숙,The Community of Population-Based Regional Cancer Registries 대한암학회 2018 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.50 No.2

Purpose This study presents the 2015 nationwide cancer statistics in Korea, including the incidence, survival, prevalence, and mortality. Materials and Methods Cancer incidence data from 1999 to 2015 was obtained from the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database and followed until December 31, 2016. Mortality data from 1983 to 2015 were obtained from Statistics Korea. The prevalence was defined as the number of cancer patients alive on January 1, 2016, among all cancer patients diagnosed since 1999. Crude and age-standardized rates (ASRs) for incidence, mortality and prevalence and 5-year relative survivals were also calculated. Results Herein, 214,701 and 76,855 Koreans were newly diagnosed and died from cancer in 2015, respectively. The ASRs for cancer incidence and mortality in 2015 were 258.9 and 82.0 per 100,000, respectively. The overall cancer incidence rate has increased significantly by 3.4% annually from 1999 to 2012, and started to decrease after 2012 (2012-2015, annual percent change, –6.1%). However, the overall cancer mortality has decreased 2.7% annually since 2002. The 5-year relative survival rate for patients diagnosed with cancer between 2011 and 2015 was 70.7%, an improvement from the 41.2% for patients diagnosed between 1993 and 1995. Conclusion Age-standardized cancer incidence rates have decreased since 2012 and mortality rates have declined since 2002; however, the 5-year survival rates have improved remarkably from 1993-1995 to 2011-2015 in Korea.

Prediction of Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Korea, 2018

정규원,원영주,공현주,이은숙 대한암학회 2018 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.50 No.2

Purpose This study aimed to report on cancer incidence and mortality for the year 2018 to estimate Korea’s current cancer burden. Materials and Methods Cancer incidence data from 1999 to 2015 were obtained from the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database, and cancer mortality data from 1993 to 2016 were acquired from Statistics Korea. Cancer incidence and mortality were projected by fitting a linear regression model to observed age-specific cancer rates against observed years, then multiplying the projected age-specific rates by the age-specific population. The Joinpoint regression model was used to determine at which year the linear trend changed significantly, we only used the data of the latest trend. Results A total of 204,909 new cancer cases and 82,155 cancer deaths are expected to occur in Korea in 2018. The most common cancer sites were lung, followed by stomach, colorectal, breast and liver. These five cancers represent half of the overall burden of cancer in Korea. For mortality, the most common sites were lung cancer, followed by liver, colorectal, stomach and pancreas. Conclusion The incidence rate of all cancer in Korea are estimated to decrease gradually, mainly due to decrease of thyroid cancer. These up-to-date estimates of the cancer burden in Korea could be an important resource for planning and evaluation of cancer-control programs.