3T Multi Voxel Spectroscopy에서 SENSE와 NEX 변화에 따른 정상인 뇌 대사물질 변화 분석

성열훈,임재동,이재현,조성봉,우동철,최보영,Seong, Yeol-Hun,Rhim, Jae-Dong,Lee, Jae-Hyun,Cho, Sung-Bong,Woo, Dong-Chul,Choe, Bo-Young 한국의학물리학회 2008 의학물리 Vol.19 No.4

자기공명분광법(magnetic resonance spectroscopy: MRS)은 인체내 대사물질을 정량분석하여 병변의 조기진단 및 정밀진단에 도움을 주고 있으며, 최근 임상에 이용되고 있는 자기공명분광법은 single voxel spectroscopy (SVS) 기법과 multi voxel spectroscopy (MVS) 기법이 있다. 본 연구에서는 SENSE와 NEX를 변화시킨 multi voxel spectroscopy (MVS)의 데이터와 기존 single voxel spectroscopy (SVS)의 데이터를 비교 분석하여, 각각의 데이터의 유의성 차이를 평가하고자 하였다. 정상 성인 지원자 13명(남자: 5명, 여자: 8명, 평균 41세, 표준편차 11.65세)을 대상으로 chemical shift image (CSI)를 이용한 MVS검사를 시행하였다. 장비는 3.0T Achieva Release Version 2.1 (Philips Medical System, Netherland)을 이용하였고, 8 channel head coil을 사용하여 brain thalamus 부위에서 CSI spectrum을 1 slice 획득하였다. Scan parameter로는 FOV (field of view): $230{\times}184mm^2$, TR (time to repetition): 2000 msec, TE (time to echo): 288 msec, matrix: $15{\times}12$, VOI(view of interest): $110{\times}110mm^2$, voxel size: $15{\times}15{\times}15mm^3$로 하였다. SENSE factor (S)와 NEX (N)는 S1*N1, S2*N1, S2*N2, S3*N2로 변화하여 스펙트럼을 획득하였고, 각 scan time은 5분 54초, 3분 32초, 6분 20초, 4분 20초였다. 얻은 모든 MRS 데이터는 jMRUI 3.0 Version 프로그램에서 분석하였고, SENSE factor와 NEX를 변화시켜 얻은 MVS data 그룹들이 정상 성인 뇌 대사물질의 변화에 영향을 주는지 검증하기 위해 그룹 간에 ANOVA분석을 실행하여 P 값이 0.05보다 크게 나오면 그룹들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없다고 분석하였다. NAA/Cr과 Cho/Cr의 상대적 비율은 MV와 SVS사이에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 즉, SENSE factor와 NEX를 변화시켜 얻은 MVS data에서 정상 성인 뇌조직의 대사물질의 변화를 관찰한 결과, S1*N1의 NAA/Cr은 $1.45{\pm}0.03$, Cho/Cr은 $0.88{\pm}0.03$이고, S2*N1의 NAA/Cr은 $1.44{\pm}0.03$, Cho/Cr은 $0.87{\pm}0.05$, S2*N2의 NAA/Cr은 $1.43{\pm}0.02$, Cho/Cr은 $0.87{\pm}0.04$이며, S3*N2의 NAA/Cr은 $1.45{\pm}0.03$, Cho/Cr은 $0.87{\pm}0.03$으로 나타났다(F-value : 1.37, D.F : 3, P-value : 0.262). 그러나 데이터의 질을 측정하기 위한 MVS 데이터의 NAA Peak line-width는 SVS 데이터의 NAA Peak line-width 보다 약 3배 정도 넓었다. 본 연구에서는 MVS에서 SENSE factor와 NEX 값을 다양하게 변화시킨 MVS의 데이터와 SVS의 데이터가 큰 차이가 없음을 확인하였다. 즉, 어는 특정 부위의 뇌 조직의 대사물질은 MVS와 SVS 기법 모두 큰 차이가 없음을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러므로 MVS는 SVS보다 광범한 부위를 짧은 시간 안에 검사할 수 있으므로 매우 유용한 방법이라고 사료된다. To evaluate the metabolic changes in normal adult brains due to alterations SENSE and NEX (number of excitation) by multi voxel MR Spectroscopy at 3.0 Tesla. The study group was composed of normal volunteers (5 men and 8 women) with a mean ($\pm$ standard deviation) age of 41 (${\pm}11.65$). Their ages ranged from 28 to 61 years. MR Spectroscopy was performed with a 3.0T Achieva Release Version 2.0 (Philips Medical System-Netherlands). The 8 channel head coil was employed for MRS acquisition. The 13 volunteers underwent multi voxel spectroscopy (MVS) and single voxel spectroscopy (SVS) on the thalamus area with normally gray matter. Spectral parameters were as follows: 15 mm of thickness; 230 mm of FOV (field of view); 2000 msecs of repetition time (TR); 288 msecs of echo time (TE); $110{\times}110$ mm of VOI (view of interest); $15{\times}15{\times}15$ mm of voxel size. Multi voxel spectral parameters were made using specially in alteration of SENSE factor (1~3) and 1~2 of NEX. All MRS data were processed by the jMRUI 3.0 Version. There was no significant difference in NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratio between MVS and SVS likewise the previous results by Ross and coworkers in 1994. In addition, despite the alterations of SENSE factor and NEX in MVS, the metabolite ratios were not changed (F-value : 1.37, D.F : 3, P-value : 0.262). However, line-width of NAA peak in MVS was 3 times bigger than that in SVS. In the present study, we demonstrated that the alterations of SENSE factor and NEX were not critically affective to the result of metabolic ratios in the normal brain tissue.

최근 5년간 약진으로 입원한 환자의 고찰 - 임상양상 및 검사소견(1986∼1990) -

고우석,조광현,윤재일 大韓臨床藥理學會 1993 臨床藥理學會誌 Vol.1 No.1

Cu-Al-Ni 合金에 있어서 마르텐사이트 變態에 따른 內部摩擦

趙顯麒,禹基道,金圭鎭 慶北大學校 1984 論文集 Vol.37 No.-

The internal friction measurement was carried out by the torsion pendulum method with automatic recording of the virbration patterns. The critical range of the martensitic transformation was checked by measuring the electrical resistance and by morphological observation. The extent of internal friction in the region of the peak depends on the previous rate of temperature change and decreases sharply during a few minutes of isothermal holding. The high level of internal friction found in Cu~Al-Ni alloy is likely to due to the reversible movement of interfacial and twin boundaries on exposure to alternating stresses.

백서피부의 화상 손상에 따른 효소조직화학적 변화

조백현,김영길,허우회,최석현 大韓成形外科學會 1983 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.10 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the sequential changes of enzyme activities in severely burned skin of rat at intervals of 2 hours, 8 hours, 1 day and 3 days by histochemical methods. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Acid phosphatase activity was found to be transient increase in dermis and mild decrease in epidermis, hair follicle and sebaceous gland at 2 hour after burning. The activity was not seen in skin after 8 hours. 2. Alkaline phosphatase was found to be decreased in blood vessel and dermal papillae of hair follicle at 2 hour after burning and then was progressively decreased after 8 hours. 3.α-naphtyl acetate esterase activity was found to be decreased in epidermis, dermis and hair follicle at 2 hours after burning and was not seen in skin after 8 hours. There was no significant changes in sebaceous gland after burning.

면역억제제를 사용치 않은 동소성 간이식 실험견의 조직병리소견

조원현,최순옥,김인호,임태진,김성수,박준희,김우석,김현철,최규택,김진모,권건영 大韓移植學會 1994 Korean Journal of Transplantation Vol.8 No.1

禮의 희랍적 일면

趙宇鉉 연세대학교 인문과학연구소 1981 人文科學 Vol.45 No.-

The Greek nomos and our li share some similarity: both are social conventions. In their origin, both first had something to do with religion and magic, and then have begun to mean manners and customs. In the execution of both nom˙os and li love is requisite. Aristotle said that righteousness as a logical manifestation needs philia, and Confucius said that jen is indispensable in carrying out li. However, neither nomos nor li was socialy equalitarian. Righteousness of nomos was given to free men, and li was applied to highranked persons. Nomos and li became equalitarian only after Christianity and democracy.

기능상실한 이식신의 절제

조원현,남창우,김천일,주일,박성배,김현철 大韓移植學會 1994 Korean Journal of Transplantation Vol.8 No.1

양극성 정동장애와 혈청 Inositol-1-phosphatase 활성도 변화

조현주,김영철,우행원,연규월,조기승 대한생물치료정신의학회 1998 생물치료정신의학 Vol.4 No.2

Objects : Several lines of possibilites have been oroposed about the etiology of bipolar attective disorder in biological, genetic and psychosocial aspect. The purpose of this study is to inspect the etiology of bipolar affective disorder in biological aspect by measuring the changes of serum inositol-1-phosphatase activity and investing a causal relationship between clinical symptoms and serum inositol-1-phosphatase activities in patients with bipolar affective disorder. Methods : The subjects were 18 inpatients who met DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for bipolar I affective disorder, manic episode and 15 normal controls. Inositol-1-phosphatase activities were measured in serum by using spectrophotometer. Clinical symptoms of patients were assessed by YMRS at admission day and after 2 weeks lithium treatment. Results : 1) Inositol-1-phosphatase activities of the patients were increased to about 2 times as compared with those of normal controls. And the activity levels were decreased gradually to the normal at 14 days. 2) Young's Mania Rating Scale(YMRS) scores were decreased significantly by lithium treatment. 3) Statistical significance could not be found between the change of YMRS scores and the levels of inositol-1-phosphatase activity. Conclusion : In this study, statistical significance could not be found between clinical improvement and inositol-1-phosphatase activities, but the fact that lithium treatment improve the clinical manifestation shown by YMRS score changes, and reverse the increased inositol-1-phosphatase activities suggests the strong association between pathophysiology of bipolar affective disorders and inositide metabolism.

처리기 메쉬를 이용한 정규화된 재귀규칙의 증명-이론적 의미 계산

조우현,박승섭 釜慶大學校 1998 釜慶大學校 論文集 Vol.3 No.2

A deductive database consists of facts stored in the extensional database and rules representing the intensional database. Because of the difficulty of evaluating rules, many parallel evaluation algorithms for rules have been presented. This paper proposes a new paradigm to evaluate linear recursion rules which contain transitive dependency by using a mesh of processors. An evaluation of normalized rules is a computation of the proof-theoretic meaning of a collection of rules. The normalized recursion rule which contains transitive dependency is defined, the existence of an equivalent expression for the rule is proved, a paradigm using transitive closure operations for parallel evaluation of normalized rule based on the equivalent expression is proposed, and the comparative performances of the parallel evaluation algorithms are presented.

면역학적 특성에 따른 yeast cytochrome c의 구조에 관한 연구

조경환,우기민,조만희,이상한,박현경,김창세 순천향의학연구소 2000 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.6 No.2

The antiserum against yeast cytochrome c and horse heart cytochrome c was reacted immunologically with those from various species. The results were as followings; 1. The antiserum against horse heart cytochrome c was reacted immunologically with heart cytochrome c of horse, cow, rabbit, mouse, chicken, pigeon, frog, tuna, and guanaco, and were not with yeast and neurospora cytochrome c. 2. However, antiserum against yeast cytochrome c was only reacted immunologically with yeast cytochrome c, and was not mammals and vertebrates horse, cow, rabbit, mouse, chicken, pigeon, frog, tuna, guanaco, even neurospora 3. CNBr-digested peptides of horse heart cytochrome c were obtained 5 peaks, Ⅰ(1-80), Ⅱ(1-65), Ⅲ(66-104), Ⅳ(81-104), Ⅴ(66-80), and other peptide (1-50). Among them peptides Ⅰ and Ⅱ were weakly reacted immunologically with antiserum against horse heart cytochrome c. CNBr-digested peptides of horse heart cytochrome c were not reacted with antiserum against yeast cytochrome c. 4. From the above, the immunologically positive cross reaction was thought to be related with Ω loop D.