Performance Evaluation of Early Streamer Emission Lightning Air Terminal

Choi, Sang-Won,Her, Yong The Korean Society of Safety 2006 International Journal of Safety Vol.5 No.2

Studies have claimed that ESE (Early Streamer Emission) air terminals offer a vastly increased zone of protection over that of traditional lightning rods (Franklin rods) by causing the emission of an upward streamer/leader: The upward streamer/leader will propagate towards the tip of the downward leader at an early stage in the attachment process.. This paper shows the results of a performance evaluation test of a particular type of the ESE air terminal (called "ElecHippo") with a simple rod tested at the Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI). The corona emission current of the ElecHippo made by Yong-Jin Enterprise Corp. has also been measured at the Occupational Safety & Health Research Institute (OSHRI). The results show that the ElecHippo meets the French standard of NFC 17-102-1995. The results also verify the ESE performance by measuring the ion emission current generated in the discharge electrode gap as a function of the capacitance and inductance of the equipped devices. Finally, we propose a new method for grounding the system to reduce the lightning damage by combining the ESE air terminal, the early discharge earth plate, the lightning strike recorder and the surge protection device.

온수배관을 이용한 온실의 난방성능

윤용철(Yong Cheol Yoon),신익수(Yik Soo Shin),김현태(Hyeon Tae Kim),배승범(Seoung Beom Bae),최진식(Jin Sik Choi),서원명(Won Myung Suh) (사)한국생물환경조절학회 2012 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.21 No.2

본 연구는 온실의 난방 에너지 절감을 목적으로 온실 내부에 알루미늄 온수배관을 설치하여 난방효과에 대한 기초자료를 구축하고자 수행되었다. 그 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 전체 실험을 포함하여 온실내의 높이별 온도편차는 4.0~7.0℃ 정도의 범위로서 그 차이가 크게 나타났다. 팬코일유니트(FCU)를 작동시킨 경우가 작동시키지 않은 경우에 비해 유출입수의 온도차가 3.3℃ 정도 크고, 소비전력량은 36.2~40.1% 정도 증가하였으며, 시간당 방열량은 44.6~52.0% 정도 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 실험기간동안 순환유량은 0.48~0.49L · s<SUP>?1</SUP> 정도의 범위에 있었고, 평균유속은 1.53~1.56m · s<SUP>?1</SUP> 정도였다. 유출입수의 평균 온도차는 6.24~11.50℃이었다. 최저 외기온 ?14.0~?0.6℃ 범위에서 설정온도별 방열량은 135,930~307,150㎉ 정도의 범위로서 시간당 9,610~19,630㎉ · h<SUP>?1</SUP> 정도의 범위에 있었다. 이것은 최대난방부하의 약 23~53% 정도의 난방에너지를 공급할 수 있을 것으로 나타났다. 전체 방열량과 소비전력량은 각각 2,548,306㎉ 및 3,075.7㎾h이다. 화석연료인 경유로 난방할 경우, 소요되는 경유의 총 소비량은 281.6L 정도이고 비용은 321,000won인 것으로 나타났다. 농가용 전력요금을 적용하면 전력사용에 대한 총비용은 110,730won 정도로서 경유 소비 비용의 33.5% 정도로 나타났다. 실험구의 온도가 대조구보다 약 8.3~14.6℃ 정도 높게 나타났다. This research was conducted to obtain basic data with regard to the heating performance that would be produced by installing an aluminum hot water pipe inside the greenhouse with the goal of reducing the heating energy in greenhouse. The research results are summarized as follows. The degree of difference in relation to the temperature by height within the greenhouse during the entire experiment was significant - within the range of 4.0~7.0℃. The temperature difference between incoming and outgoing water was about 3.3℃ greater when FCU was activated compared to when it was not activated. Meanwhile, the amount of energy consumed increased about 36.2~40.1%. The amount of pyrexia per hour also increased by 44.6~52.0%. During the experiment period, circulated flux was within the range of 0.48~0.49 L · s<SUP>?1</SUP> while average fluid speed was 1.53~1.56 m · s<SUP>?1</SUP>. The average temperature difference between incoming and outgoing water was 6.24~11.50℃. The amount of heating value by each set temperature within the minimum outdoor temperature range of ?14.0~?0.6℃ was 135,930~307,150 ㎉, and the range was within the 9,610~19,630 ㎉ · h<SUP>?1</SUP> per hour. This demonstrated that about 23~53% heating energy of the maximum heating load could be supplied. Total radiating value and amount of energy consumed were 2,548,306 ㎉ and 3,075.7 ㎾h, respectively. When heating takes place using oil, which is a fossil fuel, the total amount of light oil consumed was 281.6 L while the cost was 321,000 won. When the electricity cost for farms is applied, the total cost was about 110,730 won, which is about 33.5% of the cost required compared to oil consumption. The temperature at in the experiment area was about 8.3~14.6℃ higher compared to that of the control area.

주요우울증이 근로자의 생산성에 미치는 영향 : WHO-HPQ(Health and Work Performance Questionnaire)를 이용한 예비연구

김원,황태연,함병주,이준석,최병휘,김세주,서용진,강은호,우종민 大韓神經精神醫學會 2007 신경정신의학 Vol.46 No.6

Objectives : Major depressive disorder (MDD) causes patients' distress and makes socioeconomic burden, both directly and indirectly. We used the concept of lost productive time (LPT) to estimate the indirect costs and calculated both absenteeism and presenteeism among workers with MDD. Mcthods : Depression group was recruited from workers visiting psychiatric outpatient clinic who had MDD without major physical or mental disorders (N= 106). Age and sex matched healthy control group was also recruited through advertisement (M=100). All participants completed a interview using WHO Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ), Job Stress Measurement Scale for Korean Employees, and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Statistical analysis was performed with independent t-test or χ² test as characteristics of values (p=0.05). Results : The number of absence (0.94-day/month vs. 0.10-day/month, P=0.015) andthe numberofearly leaving (2.56-day/month vs. 0.24-day/month, P<0.001) were significantly higher in the depression group. Depression group evaluated their Perfor-mance level much lower than controls with significant value (5.16 vs. 7.62, P<0.001). In addition, depression group estimated their performance level during the last 4 weeks lower compared to the level of past 1-year (5.16 vs 6.63, P<0.001). The estimated costs of absenteeism in depression group were higher than controls by 2,520,000 Korean Won per year, and those of presenteeism were also higher by 4,880,000 Korean Won per year. The total costs of LPT in depression group were higher than controls by 7,400,000 Korean Won, which corresponds to 26% ofmean annual salary. In addition, the level of occupational stress, such as high demand and interpersonal conflict, was higher in the depression group. Conclusion : Major depressive disorder costs substantial productivity loss to workers and their company. Presenteeism imposes more time cost than absenteeism. Effectiveness trials are needed to devise cost-effective programs for the early detection and treatment of depression at the workplace.

우심방을 침범한 거대 비호지킨씨 림프종 1예

강상범,진승원,이은경,박용현,최용호,김용주,박준철,김재형,홍순조,최규보,권종범,원용순,박건,이은희 대한순환기학회 2000 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.30 No.4

T 세포활성항원 CTLA-4의 기능에 관한 연구 : T 세포에서 표적세포 살해능과 CTLA-4 발현과의 연관성 Target Cytotoxicity of T Cell Correlates with CTLA-4 Production

노만택,조양자,김용식,최용,조보현,최장원,정용훈 大韓免疫學會 1996 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.18 No.4

CTLA-4, a T cell activation antigen and a homologue of CD28, was originally identified as a gene by a series of reverse genetic approaches. While CD28 molecule has been characterized well as a stimulator of T-cell function via enhanced lymphokines production and stablilization of those mRNA, most of the functions of CTLA-4 remain unknown. It has been widely accepted that CTLA-4 functions as an immune suppressor which is down-regualting the function of CD28. We previously showed that 34 KD form of this antigen mainly expressed CD8+ subset, a cytotoxic or suppressor, of activated peripheral blood lymphocyte. Based on our previous finding this study was conducted to further characterize immunological function of CTLA-4 especially in terms of involvement of this molecule in T-cell effector function mediating target cell cytotoxicity. 4 human T cell clones with different target cytotoxicities were employed in this study. NBL46 (CD4+) and NBL77 (CD8+) were cytotoxic and NBL32 (CD4+) and NBL58 (CD 8+) were non-cytotoxic to target LBF cell in target cell chromium release assay. And in Western blot assay 34 kD antigen was detected in NBL46 (CD4+) and NBL77 (CD8+) clones but not in NBL32 (CD4+) and NBL58 (CD8+) clones. It was summarized that expression of the CTLA-4 antigen was associated with cytotoxicity but not with subset phenotypes of T cells. In conclusion CD8+ T subset of PHA-stimulated PBL was major and only CTLA-4 producer and this molecule was induced during mid to late stage of T cell activation. The cytotoxicity of T cell clones to its target cell was directly correlated with its CTLA-4 production and vice versa. And it was highly suggested that primary function of CTLA-4 may involved in T cell effector function which mediates target cell killing.

차량용 단말기를 위한 임베디드 리눅스 기반의 플래쉬 파일 시스템에 대한 연구

최용운,신정훈,홍원기,이용두 대구대학교 정보통신연구소 2004 情報通信硏究 Vol.3 No.1

최근 유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅 환경으로 컴퓨팅 패러다임이 변화함에 따라 차량이 가정과 사무실에 이어 제 3의 컴퓨팅 환경으로 자리매김하고 있다. 차량이라는 제한된 환경에서 컴퓨팅 환경을 구축하기 위하여 디스크 형태의 저장매체를 대신해 플래쉬 메모리가 저장 매체로 부상하고 있다. 그러나 플래쉬 메모리를 저장 매체로 사용하기 위해서는 수행시간이 비교적 길고 수명이 제한되어 있다는 제약이 따른다. 이러한 제약을 극복하기 위해 본 논문에서는 차량용 단말기를 위한 플래쉬 파일 시스템에 관하여 분석하고 임베디드 리눅스 시스템 상에서 JFFS2를 이용한 루트파일 시스템 구축 방법에 관하여 제안 한다. The advent of the ubiquitous computing makes the vehicle considered as an alternative computing environment substituting the home and the office. Flash memory is one of the appropriate storage media to build a computing environment within a car, which offers restricted computing space. In general, the flash memory has the characteristics of long memory access time and short life-cycle time, compared to the SRAM and the DRAM. In this paper, embedded linux based file system is examined to overcome the flash memory's restrictions for the Auto-PC and proposed how to build root file system using jffs2 on the embedded linux system.

치아 순면 형태가 측색 기기를 이용한 치아 색상 측정 결과에 미치는 영향

최용진,박수정,조현구,황윤찬,오원만,박병주,황인남 대한치과보존학회 2007 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.32 No.5

7두의 개에서 배설성 요로조영술을 통한 신장 기능 평가

최윤정,이기자,최형준,이용진,박성준,송근호,정성목,최호정,이영원 忠南大學校 獸醫科大學 動物醫科學硏究所 2005 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.13 No.-

Excretory urography is a type of contrast study used to verify and localize upper urinary tract disease. It is an inexpensive and easy way to visualize of anatomic and functional status of the kidney and has been used as a primary imaging modality for the evaluation of urinary tract abnormalities. We describe urological signs of 7 dogs who examined with excretory urography and ultrasonography. Six cases were referred to veterinary medical teaching hospital. Chungnam national university (VMTH, CNU) to evaluate renal function after the treatment for renal failure and one case was referred showing hematuria. In case 1, 2 and 4, blood test and urinalysis was normal and the results of excretory urography presented that renal function were normal range. In case 3, the results of urinalysis, ultrasonography, and excretory urography except blood test presented abnormal kidney and hydronephrosis was diagnosed. In case 5 and 6, blood test, urinalysis, ultrasonography and excretory urography indicated renal failure. In case 7, blood test, urinalysis and ultrasonography presented partially abnormal signs, however, the results of excretory urography was normal range.

일부 병원에 내원한 암환자들의 대체의학 사용에 관한 연구

최윤정,정해원,최수용 대한보건협회 1998 대한보건연구 Vol.24 No.1

대체의학은 말 그대로 다른 것을 의미하며 효과와 안전성이 과학적으로 증명되지 않았거나 과학적으로 효과가 없다고 증명된 치료법으로 병원에서 널리 시술되지 않거나 정규 의학 교육과정에서 가르치지 않는 치료이다. 본 연구의 목적은 암환자를 대상으로 하여 대체의학 사용양상을 평가하고 대체의학 사용과 관련된 암환자 특성을 기술하는 데 있다. 조사대상자는 서울에 소재한 원사력병원에서 1997년 8월에서 그 해 10월 사이에 병원에 입원한 환자 중 암으로 최종 진단받은 308명을 대상으로 하였다. 본 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 조사대상자 308명 중 63.0%(194명)이 대체의학을 사용한 경험이 있었다. 2. 대체요법 종류별 사용률은 식이 및 영양요법이 52.3%로 가장 높았으며, 그 다음이 약초요법(44.8%), 한방요법(12.7%), 신체 정신요법(10.4%) 그리고 약물요법(6.8%)의 순이었다. 3. 암이환 기간이 길수록 대체요법의 사용이 많았다.(P<0.01) 4. 치료상태가 무이거나 수술만 받은 경우에 비하여 방사선요법, 약물요법, 병행요법을 받은 경우 대체요법의 사용이 4.3(95% CI: 2.3∼8.3)배 높았다. 5. 경제수준이 '상'인 경우가 '중'이나 '하'인 경우에 비하여 대체의요법 사용이 3.3(95% CI: 1.02-8.9)배 높게 나타났다. 6. 대체요법으로 소요된 평균 비용은 187만원이었다. 7. 사용자의 대체의학에 대한 기대는 큰 편이었다(66.3%). 8. 대체요법을 사용하게 된 경로로는 43.5%가 이웃 및 다른 암환자, 22,1%는 미디어(신문·잡지), 20.9%는 가족이나 친척으로부터 이었다. 9. 대체요법의 부작용을 경험한 적이 있다고 한 암환자는 8.8%이였다. Alternative medicines include all of the approaches and techniques that until the past few years were not taught in medical school and residency training nor reported in the medical journals that most physicians ordinarily read. The aim of this study is to assess the patterns of alternative medicines and to describe the characteristics of cancer patients used alternative medicines. The subjects were 308 patients with cancer who had been diagnosed as cancers admitted at Korea Cancer Center Hospital from August to October in 1997. The results of this study were summarized as follows : 1. 194 patients(63.0%) among 308 cancer patients had used alternative medicines. 2. The rate of alternative therapy use was 52.3% for diet and nutritions, 44.8% for herbal medicines, 12.7% for oriental medicines, 10.4% for mind-body interventions and 6.8% for pharmacological and biologic treatments. 3. Alternative therapy users had longer morbidity periods than non-users.(P<0.01) 4. The odds ratio for cancer patients with conventional treatments such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy and combined therapies was 4.3(95% CI: 2.3-8.3) compared with patients with non-treatment and surgery. 5. The odds ratio for cancer patients with high class in economic status is 3.3(95% CI: 1.02-8.9) compared with patients with low and middle class. 6. The average cost of alternative therapies was 1.870 thousands won. 7. Expectation of the use of alternative therapies was relatively high. 8. Information sources for using alternative therapies received from neighbors or other cancer patients(43.5%), media(22.1%) and, family and their relatives(20.9%). 9. 8.8% of alternative therapy users had ever experienced side effect or adverse effect.

마이크로머시닝을 이용한 Bump형 Probe Card의 제조

최원익,김용대,심준환,이종현 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1998 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.9 No.1

Probe card is the most important part of testing IC chips. This work was related to silicon vertical probe card which enabled to simultaneously test multiple semiconductor chips. We presented Bump-type vertical probe card. It was fabricated by dry etching using RIE technique, isotropic etching, and bulk-micromachining on SDB wafer. The process used in this work was very simple and reproducible, which had good controllability in the probe card dimension and spacing. It is expected that the fabricated probe card can reduce testing time, can promote productivity and enables bum-in test.