Multiple heterologous M2 extracellular domains presented on virus-like particles confer broader and stronger M2 immunity than live influenza A virus infection

Kim, M.C.,Lee, J.S.,Kwon, Y.M.,O, E.,Lee, Y.J.,Choi, J.G.,Wang, B.Z.,Compans, R.W.,Kang, S.M. Elsevier/North-Holland 2013 Antiviral research Vol.99 No.3

The influenza M2 ectodomain (M2e) is poorly immunogenic and has some amino acid changes among isolates from different host species. We expressed a tandem repeat construct of heterologous M2e sequences (M2e5x) derived from human, swine, and avian origin influenza A viruses on virus-like particles (M2e5x VLPs) in a membrane-anchored form. Immunization of mice with M2e5x VLPs induced protective antibodies cross-reactive to antigenically different influenza A viruses and conferred cross protection. Anti-M2e antibodies induced by heterologous M2e5x VLPs showed a wider range of cross reactivity to influenza A viruses at higher levels than those by live virus infection, homologous M2e VLPs, or M2e monoclonal antibody 14C2. Fc receptors were found to be important for mediating protection by immune sera from M2e5x VLP vaccination. The present study provides evidence that heterologous recombinant M2e5x VLPs can be more effective in inducing protective M2e immunity than natural virus infection and further supports an approach for developing an effective universal influenza vaccine.

Improvement in the Electrochemical Properties of ZrMn2 Hydrides by Substitution of Elements

Song, M . Y .,Kwon, I . H .,Ahn, D . S .,Sohn, M . S . 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 2001 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.7 No.3

The hydrogen-storage properties and the electrochemical properties are investigated for the alloys ZrMn₂Nix, ZrMnNi_(1+x), Zr_(0.5)Ti_(0.5)Mn_(0.4)V_(0.6)Ni_(1-x)Fe_x and Zr_(0.5)Ti_(0.5)Mn_(0.4)V_(0.6)Ni_(0.85)M_(0.15). The C14 Laves phase forms in all the alloys ZrMn₂Ni_x (x=0.0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2). Among the alloys ZrMn₂Ni_x, ZrMn₂Ni_(0.6) has the largest discharge capacity (29 mAh/g) and a relatively good cycling performance, and shows a relatively easy activation. The C14 Laves phase also forms in all the alloys ZrMnNi_(1+x) (x=0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4). Among the alloys ZrMnNi_(1+x), ZrMnNi_(1.0) has the largest discharge capacity (42 mAh/g) and a relatively good cycling performance, and shows the easiest activation. Zr_(0.5)Ti_(0.5)Mn_(0.4)V_(0.6)Ni_(1+x)Fe_x (x=0.00, 0.15, 0.30, 0.45 and 0.60) has the C14 Laves phase hexagonal structure. Their hydrogen storage capacities do not show significant differences. The discharge capacity just after activation decreases with an increase in the amount of the substituted Fe but the cycling performance is improved. The discharge capacity after activation of the alloy with x=0.00 is about 240 mAh/g at the current density 60 mA/g. Zr_(0.5)Ti_(0.5)Mn_(0.4)V_(0.6)Ni_(0.85)M_(0.15) is the best composition with a relatively large discharge capacity and a good cycling performance. The increase in the discharge capacity of Zro.sTio.sMno.qVo.bNio,asFeo.,s with the increase in the current density (from 60 mA/g to 125 mA/g) is considered to result from the self-discharge property of the electrode. Zr_(0.5)Ti_(0.5)Mn_(0.4)V_(0.6)Ni_(0.85)M_(0.15) (M=Fe, Co, Cu, Mo and Al) alloys also have the C14 Laves phase hexagonal structure. The alloys with M=Co and Fe have relatively larger hydrogen storage capacities. The discharge capacities just after activation are relatively large in the case of the alloys with M=Co and Fe. The Zr_(0.5)Ti_(0.5)Mn_(0.4)V_(0.6)Ni_(0.85)M_(0.15) alloy is best with a relatively large discharge capacity (257 mAh/g at the current density 250 mA/g for the 12^(th) cycle) and a good cycling performance. During activation form Ni-rich and Fe-rich regions on the surface of the Zr_(0.5)Ti_(0.5)Mn_(0.4)V_(0.6)Ni_(0.85)M_(0.15) alloy. They may act as the active sites for the electrochemical reaction. With the increase in the number of charge-discharge cycles for the Zr_(0.5)Ti_(0.5)Mn_(0.4)V_(0.6)Ni_(0.85)M_(0.15) alloy, the quantities of the Zr and Fe dissolved in the electrolyte solution increase.

Supplementation of oil-based inactivated H9N2 vaccine with M2e antigen enhances resistance against heterologous H9N2 avian influenza virus infection

Park, J.K.,Lee, D.H.,Cho, C.H.,Yuk, S.S.,To, E.O.,Kwon, J.H.,Noh, J.Y.,Kim, B.Y.,Choi, S.W.,Shim, B.S.,Song, M.K.,Lee, J.B.,Park, S.Y.,Choi, I.S.,Song, C.S. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2014 Veterinary microbiology Vol.169 No.3

Avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H9N2 has been evolving rapidly and vaccine escape variants have been reported to cause circulation of infections and economic losses. In the present study, we developed and evaluated ectodomain of the AIV matrix 2 (M2e) protein as a supplementing antigen for oil-based inactivated H9N2 vaccine to increase resistance against vaccine escape variants. AIV H9N2 M2e antigen was expressed in Escherichia coli and supplemented to inactivated H9N2 oil emulsion vaccine. Specific pathogen-free chickens received a single injection of inactivated H9N2 oil emulsion vaccines with or without M2e supplementation. At three weeks post vaccination, hemagglutination inhibition tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to determine serological immune responses. Challenge study using a vaccine escape H9N2 variant was performed to evaluate the efficacy of M2e supplementation. M2e antigen supplemented in oil emulsion vaccine was highly immunogenic, and a single M2e-supplemented vaccination reduced challenge virus replication and shedding more effectively than non-supplemented vaccination.

수도의 유묘기 냉해에 관한 연구 II. 주요 신품종들의 제 3 엽기 내냉한계

권용웅,김주헌,오윤진,이문희,Kwon, Y.W.,Kim, J.H.,Oh, Y.J.,Lee, M.H. 한국작물학회 1979 한국작물학회지 Vol.24 No.2

Indica \times Japonica 교잡에 의해 육성된 수도신품종들의 유묘기 내냉한계와 내냉발현특성을 Janica품종들과 비교 고찰하고자 10개 품종을 유묘기 내냉성이 제일 약한 제 3 엽기에 주간 11\circ C야간 5\circ C의 저온조건에 0, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10일 처리한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 저온처리 전후에 주야 26\circ C / 18\circ C에서 생장한 파종 후 35일묘의 건물중이 무처리묘의 90% 이상이 되는 최장저온처리기간은 신품종들의 경우 0.8~2.8일 간으로써 특히 조생통일이 짧고 밀야 2003가 길었으며, Japonica 품종들의 경우 4.0~5.2일간으로써 신품종들보다 가역적 내냉한계기간이 배정도 길었다. 2. 저온처리에 따른 냉해발현 종료후 묘생존율이 90%이상되는 최장저온처리기간은 신품종들의 경우 3.0~5.6 일간으로써 수원 258호가 제일 짧고 수원 25001가 제일 길었으며, Japonica 품종들은 공시품종 모두 10일간 이상으로 신품종들보다 비가역적 내냉한계기간이 2~3배 이상 길었다. 3. 저온처리중 엽신변색고사율(y_1) 및 묘고사율(y_2), 저온처리 후 발현된 모신변색고사율(y_3), 묘고사율(y_4), 냉해를 받은 35일묘의 초장(y$_{5}$)과 건물중(y$_{6}$)은 모두 저온처리기간(x)과 고도로 유의한 상관성을 보였는데 특히 y_1, y_3, y$_{6}$와 높은 상관성을 보였으며, y_1~y$_{6}$들 상호간에도 모두 고도로 유의한 상관성을 보였으나 특히 y_1과 y_3, y_3와 y$_{6}$의 상관성이 컸다. 4. 냉해징상들의 발현순서와 상태들간의 상관성 분석결과로부터 가역적 및 비가역적, 직접적 및 간접적 냉해의 발생과 그들의 복합현상으로써 결과되는 관찰되는 냉해징상의 발현과정 모식도를 작성하여 그림 5에 제시하였다. 5. 수도유묘의 내냉성 평가에 있어서 가역적 피해와 비가역적 피해를 종합적으로, 그리고 정량적으로 나타내며 일반적으로 냉해를 나타내는 조사형질들 중 냉해에 가장 예민한 반응을 보이는 건물중율을 1차요인으로 취급할 것으로 제의한다. Comparative tolerance of the new rice varieties from Indicax Japonica cross to elastic and plastic chilling injuries was examined at the 3rd leaf-stage, the most sensitive stage to chilling during nursery, using a chilling chamber set 11\circ C, 13hrs. 20K lux day/5$^{\circ}C$ night. Seedlings were reared until 35 days after seeding in a 26\circ C, 13hrs. day / 18\circ C night chamber except the period of chilling treatment for 0, 3, 4, 6, 8 or 10 days. The new varieties were approximately twice susceptible to elastic injuries, and thrice susceptible to plastic injuries than the Japonica varieties in the term of chilling duration. Among the variables indicating apparant chilling injuries the reduction in dry matter responded most sensitively and differentiated well the varietal difference in chilling resistance even with shorter chilling period. Sequential aspects of the cause and effect relations involved in the development of the apparant chilling injuries are discussed and a schematic diagram is presented as Fig. 5 in the text.

대학생의 문제음주, 사회적 지지, 우울에 관한 연구

권민정,김리예,김세영,김은진,서혜인,심누리,이혜진,천경민,최하은,신주현,이민경 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2016 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.50

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation of alcohol use disorder, social support and depression of the college students. Method: In this descriptive design study, 334 university students were recruited through convenient sampling from October, 2015 to January, 2016. Questionnaires used for online Google docs were AUDIT-K(Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Korea), MSPSS(Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support) and SDS(Self - Rating Depression Scale). Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one way ANOVA with Scheffe's test, and Pearson’s coefficient using SPSS 22.0 program. Result: 230 students of the 334 college students(68.8%) were classified into alcohol use disorder group. There was a significant correlation between the degree of social support and depression among all participants(r=-.45, p=.000). However, there was no correlation between alcohol use disorder and depression(r=.23, p=.006) and between alcohol use disorder and social support(r=.02, p=.758). Conclusion: This study showed a relationship between social support and depression, not the alcohol use disorder. This result can be used as the basic data in nursing research about alcohol use disorder, social support and depression of college students. Also, Further researches are needed to examine the factors that affect alcohol use disorder of college students, as well as depression and social support.

간호 대학생의 간호정보역량과 문제해결능력 연구

권현지,김송이,김지홍,노유진,박수아,손엄지,엄민지,윤정혜,Man Ngaih Cing,김미영,김지연 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2016 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.50

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between nursing students' nursing informatics competencies and problem solving skills. Methods: Data were collected from a convenient sample of 181 nursing students at 14 universities in Korea from September 20th, 2015 to February 25th, 2015. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: The mean score for nursing informatics competencies and problem solving skills were respectively 3.57±0.74 and 3.35±0.65. Relationship of nursing informatics competencies to problem solving skills was statistically significant(r=.785, p<.01). Conclusion: The result of this study suggests that nursing informatics competencies is significantly related to problem solving skills of the nursing students. Therefore, nursing informatics education program for the nursing students would be a helpful intervention for problem solving skills of the nursing students. And further studies are required with more sample sizes and more systematic data collecting methods to confirm these results.

서울지역 4년제 간호대학생들의 임상실습 유,무에 따른 진로태도성숙

권혜진,김보람,김소연,김수임,성정아,신영미,윤서진,이경진,홍영선,이자형,정덕유,신혜원 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2009 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.43

This study was conducted to investigate the differences in the degrees of career attitude maturity according to the clinical practice experience of the college of nursing students. The convenience sample was 275 students attending the college of nursing in Seoul. Data was obtained through a questionnaire from December 1st to 12th, 2008. The instrument used to measure the career attitude maturity in this study was "A barometer of maturity in career attitudes" developed by Ki-hak, Lee(1997). The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Chronbach's alpha, t-test and ANOVA with the SPSS 16.0 program. Below is the result of this study. 1. The average score for career attitude maturity of nursing students who experienced clinical practices was 135.56(±12.17): higher than the average score of inexperienced students, 134.37(±12.44). However it could not show meaningful differences in the statistics(F=-.805, p=.422). 2. Determinacy, one of five subordinate concepts of career attitude maturity, was statistically significative. On average, the group comprised of students with clinical practices scored 27.60(±3.81): higher than that of unpracticed students, 26.63(±4.26)(F=-1.976, p=.049). 3. The more academic years they have, except for junior year students, the points of career attitude maturity relative to general characteristics were increasingly higher. The points were 132.60(±11.99) for freshmen, 135.93(±12.72) for sophomores, 133.50(±12.57) for juniors and 138.11(±11.24) for seniors(F=2.714, p=.045). 4. According to the age of the group, the grade of career attitude maturity became higher. The scores were 133.21(±12.34) for 18-19yrs., 134.05(±12.16) for 20-22yrs., 138.43(±10.96) for 23-26yrs. and 148.71(±12.76) for 27-32yrs. (F=5.118, p=.002). 5. The average total score for career attitude maturity of nursing students was 135.00(±12.30). Of the five subdivisions―readiness, conviction, determinacy, independence and finality― readiness demonstrated the highest result with 32.33(±4.46) followed by conviction, determinacy, independence and finality respectively. Based on the results, there are some proposals for further researches. As this research was only for college of nursing in Seoul, it is necessary to compare career attitude maturity with 3-year colleges and other departments. In addition, alongside clinical practices there is a growing need to develop programs that will not only provide guidelines but also prepare students for the maturity of their career attitude.

Initial growth behaviors of GaN layers overgrown by HVPE on one-dimensional nanostructures

Kwon, H.Y.,Moon, J.Y.,Choi, Y.J.,Shin, M.J.,Ahn, H.S.,Yang, M.,Chang, J.H.,Yi, S.N.,Ha, D.H. Elsevier 2010 Materials science and engineering B. Advanced Func Vol.166 No.1

We developed a novel technique for obtaining a residual-strain-free GaN layer by the hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) method using one-dimensional nanostructures. The GaN layer was grown on a Si(111) substrate with a conventional AlN film and one-dimensional GaN nanostructures. The nanostructures were grown for 2h with a HCl:NH<SUB>3</SUB> gas flow ratio of 1:50. The growth rate of nanoneedles at 600<SUP>o</SUP>C and nanorods at 650<SUP>o</SUP>C were 2.553 and 2.193μm/h, respectively. The overgrown GaN layer was grown at 1050<SUP>o</SUP>C for 5 and 10min. We obtained a GaN layer of 1.833μm thickness and c=5.1849A. The morphology, crystalline structure, and optical characteristics of the GaN layer were examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and photoluminescence.

Dispersion, hybrid interconnection and heat dissipation properties of functionalized carbon nanotubes in epoxy composites for electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs)

Kwon, Y.,Yim, B.s.,Kim, J.m.,Kim, J. Pergamon Press 2011 Microelectronics reliability Vol.51 No.4

Different types of MWNTs/epoxy composites were prepared with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol F (DGEBF) and bisphenol A (DGEBA) used as epoxy resins. MWNTs were functionalized to enhance the properties of epoxy composites by treatment with strong acids (acid-treated MWNTs, a-MWNTs) followed by m-phenylenediamine grafting (amine grafted MWNTs, m-MWNTs). Raw, a-, and m-MWNTs were dispersed in DGEBF or DGEBA to a concentration of 1wt.%. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis verified the effectiveness of acid treatment and confirmed the amine-functionalization of the MWNTs. Scanning electron microscopy of the fracture surface of the epoxy matrix showed that chemical functionalization improves compatibility between the epoxy and MWNTs. Good dispersion of MWNTs leads to the improvement in coalescence and pull strength in the quad flat package (QFP) test. Further, the thermal conductivity of MWNTs/epoxy composites was higher than that of pure epoxy resins. In particular, the m-MWNT/epoxy composite has the best heat dissipation properties, due to the formation of an effective network for heat flow.

간호대학생의 이론・실습 성적과 임상수행능력의 관련성 : 성인간호학 교과목을 중심으로

권현진,김다영,김민정,김소현,박예담,박지원,왕서현,유영주,이재현,주가은,신수진 이화여자대학교간호학회 2020 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.54

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the relationship among score of theory course, score of practicum course and clinical practice ability by the course, Adult Health Nursing. Methods: A descriptive research was conducted using questionaries. Data were collected from September 25 to October 2, 2019. Participants were 67 nursing students at one university in Seoul on their junior year who have experienced clinical settings. The collected data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Cohen’s Kappa, and Scheffe’s test using SPSS 25.0 version program. Results: Participants were given a quartile number from 1 to 4 respectively according to their scores of theory course those of practicum course. The total mean score of clinical practice ability was 3.61, with a perfect score of 5. The scores of theory course and practicum course showed slight correlation(Cohen’s Kappa=.168). However, significant correlation did not existed among score of theory course, score of practicum course and clinical practice ability. Conclusion: The result showed that score of theory course, score of practicum course and clinical practice ability have no significant correlation. However, its finding suggests the necessity of further research about various approach and new evaluation methods needed in order to improve nursing students’ competency.