외상성 두부 손상 환자의 주관적 증상 호소 정도에 따른 다면적 인성검사와 신경심리 검사의 비교

구본훈,정은정,서완석,송창진,장혜경,배대석 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.6

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of "fake bad" and "fake good" patients with traumatic head injury in neuropsychological tests. Methods : We measured subjective symptoms by SCL-90-R and objective symptoms by McBride obstacle-valuation measure. The patient was divided into three groups according to differences between subjective and objective symptoms. We also examined their intelligence, memory, clinical characteristics, using K-WAIS, K-MAS, MMPI. Results : The group who overly expressed their subjective symptoms has its psychotic symptom exaggeratingly measured, so it will be helpful to be careful to such over-expressed symptoms in those who present a psychotic symptom in a clinical Viewpoint. An K-WAIS measurement among those who exaggerated their subjective symptoms showed less value than the actual one, which weakens the reliability of this intelligent test. Rather, for that grouP, the result of K-MAS can be used with a confidence in the estimation of their severity of symptoms. Conclusion : MMPI and neuropsychological tests are helpful to understand characteristics between subjective symptoms and objective disabilities of patients with traumatic head injury.

일본 우카이(제사)의 계보 : 이마요(今樣)의 향수(享受)라는 측면에서 On the aspect of finding delight singing Imayo

구혜경 韓國暻園大學校아시아文化硏究所 中國中央民族大學韓國文化硏究所 2002 亞細亞文化硏究 Vol.6 No.-

Imayo was the popular song in the last years of Heian age. Ryojinhisho is the book collecting a lot of Imayo. I'm going to deal with the song below among lots of Imayo. Ukai is painful for killing the turtle which has lived to ten thousand kalpa and for using Cormorant on leashes to catch sweet fished for a living. I manage to live a afflicting life but what intolerable anguish may happen to my life to come! (Alas! how dark! there will be a dead dark in my life to come. Alas!) There are two theories about who is the speaker. First, the speaker is Ukai. Second, the third person. My point is the speaker is sure to be Ukai. So, I'm going to analyze the expressive method and the method of singing the text in another way as well as to consider the backgrounds of Ukai's anguish, the genesis of the sin and the process of overcoming the consciousness of guilt. Ukai was a fisherman who did cormorant fishing which was a traditional method of river fishing that has been practiced in Japan from Manyo age. Fisherman use cormorant birds on leashes to catch sweet fish. Each birds are on a leash attachedto a small metal ring that is attached around the base of the neck not to swallow a fish. The captured fish used to be offered to the Imperial family or nobles, who offered Kugonin as a post to Ukai, who are named Niebito. Also, they had a certain artisan. Noblemen in Heian age was muchamused to see Ukai. The fishermen attracted the fish by lighting bright burning fires called Kagaribi in the metal baskets suspended from the front of their boat. This Kagaribi made them feel elegant, secret and profoundly sweet. The Buddhism, However, began around the sixth century and was widely spread in Heian age. It had influenced the whole society and had become spiritual precepts. Braking the Buddhist rules was considered a sin. Nevertheless, it is indispensable for Ukai to kill fished and turtles, and to treat cormorant with cruelty for a living. They are sure to have suffered the sense of sin for breaking the Buddhist rule of prohibiting killing birds, fishes etc. Their agony and sufferings are expressed by Imayo. Furthermore, turtle a sacred animal not only in China and Korea but Japan, they would kill turtles, which believed to live to be ten thousand Kalpa, just to feed cormorants. It was impious to kill turtles, to be cruel to cormorants, and to catch the sweet fish. They thought that it is natural to be turned into hell in the view of Buddhism. In Insei age, destruction of life was prohibited more strictly. Ukai, which had been regarded as sweet and elegant scene even in the world of Waka, turned into the sorrowful song - which has the texts of sufferings for the destuction of life and being afraid of turning into hell. Also there is the feeling of compassion in the texts. The song of Ukai has the deep sorrow for unkind treatment in their society, but still more a social aspect full of disorder in those days, propagation of Buddhism and the law of prohibiting destruction of life made Ukai have the anguished conscience and worry about pains in his life to come. Buddhism played a major part in not only making Ukai sing the song of grief but also curing their grief. These facts are revealed bu Honen shonin Eden; The book says that the aged husband and wife who are a fisher killing fishes, reciting the invocation to Buddha according to the lesson of Shonin, finally go to Paradise from piety. Also Ukai in Yukyoku reveals the same fact ; Ukai's ghost turned into hell from killing fishes and living things and suffered pain. He repented his sin to kill fishes and neglected the Buddhism. He, however, was rescued from the Buddhist mass of Nichiren shonin. Not only Ukai but a fisherman from Akoi turning into hell from destruction of life, he was rescued from the hell through a man paying Japanese memorial of Isejingu. In Utou, the ghost of a hunter from Ettyu killing a bird, Utou, turning into hell, he asked a mass for a Buddhist priest. All of theme of stories was suitable for comforting Ukai full of anguish in those days. Buddhism played a important role in formation of Imayo. The greater part of the people is sure to have been cured from the popular song, Imayo, which was mixed by the lesson of Buddhism and a familiar song, which played enough role in curing the mind suffered from the sense of sin and distress at the life to come. It is proved that a lot of miraculous virtu of Imayo are expressed in many pieces of articles in those days.

외식업 종사원과 고객의 관계마케팅에 관한 연구

구경원,박혜송 한국여행학회 2002 여행학연구 Vol.16 No.-

The objectives of this study are to investigate the factors affecting the relationship marketing activity between employee and customer in food service industry, and the factors to be influenced by the relationship marketing activity. The results offer the suggestion point as follows: First, the customer-oriented activity, friendliness and professionalism of employee will affect the meeting between employee and customer, the relationship between employee and customer. And so the restaurant should pay attention to the feature of employee and should provide a training program which can increase the employee`s ability. Second, the restaurant allows for the feature of customer and should inform the detailed information about the restaurant to the customer when he visits the restaurant. Third, it is important that the interaction factor of the relationship marketing in the relationship-oriented service marketing should be the relationship-oriented activity through the contact frequency that interaction and communication between employee and customer which allows for the quality of conversation, the two-way communication and the contact intensity. Therefore, to make repurchase and word-of-mouth of customer, it is very considerable that needs the relationship marketing strategy based on interaction between employee and customer.

2-O-α-D-Glucopyranosyl L-Ascorbic acid 생산을 위한 Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase의 고정화

성경혜,김성구,장경립,전홍기 부산대학교 김치연구소 2003 김치의 과학과 기술 Vol.9 No.-

AA를 AA-2G로 전환하는 CGTase를 고정화하여 AA-2G 대량 생산의 가능성을 고찰한 결과, CNBr-sepharose 4B가 가장 효과적인 담체로 판명되었고, CGTase의 고정화 최적 조건과 고정화 CGTase에 의한 AA-2G 생산의 최적조건 및 재사용성을 검토하였다. 최적 고정화 조건은 효소량 24,000 units/g resin으로 9시간 반응하여 약 18,000 units/g resin의 최고 고정화율을 얻을 수 있으며, pH 5.0(50 mM sodium citrate buffer)용액에 12% AA-Na와 8% soluble starch를 기질로 하여 800 units/ml의 고정화 CGTase를 첨가한 후 37℃에서 100 rpm으로 교반하면서 25시간 반응하여 약 18 mM의 AA-2G 최고량을 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 0.015 mM의 CaCl₂를 첨가하여 고정화 CGTase의 재사용성을 관찰한 결과, 5회까지 50% 이상의 AA-2G 생산율로서 그 가능성을 입증할 수 있었다. 그리고 효소의 재사용성이란 측면에서, 본 고정화의 다른 한 방법인 ultrafiltration(한외 여과)에 의해서는 Millipore사의 YM10 membrane을 이용하여 먼저 단백질량과 효소 활성 변화를 측정하여 그 가능성을 확보할 수 있었으며, 기질 20 ml을 사용하여 AA-2G를 생성시킨 후, 한외여과에 의해 효소만을 회수하여 연속 반응해 본 결과 8회까지 50% 의 생성률을 유지하였다. 따라서 한외 여과는 CNBr-sepharose 4B와 함께 효율적인 고정화의 한 방법으로 판명되었으며, 앞으로 이들 고정화 효소를 이용한 연속 반응 시스템의 구축이 뒤따라야 할 것이다. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) from Paenibacillus sp. JB-13 was immobilized on various carriers by several immobilization methods such as ionic binding, covalent linkage and ultrafiltration to improve the process performance. The ultrafiltration and covalent linkage with CNBr-activated sepharose 4B were found as the best method for immobilization of CGTase. The ability of was as follows: contact time 6 hrs at 37℃, pH6.0, 100rpm and enzyme loading 24,000 units/g resin. The optimum conditions for production of 2-O-α-D-Glucopyranosyl L-Ascorbic acid by immobilized CGTase turned out to be: pH 5.0, temperature 37℃. 20% substrate solution containing 8%(w/v) of soluble starch and 12%(w/v) of L-ascorbic acid sodium salt, 100 rpm, for 25 hrs and with 800 units of immobilized CGTase/ml substrate solution. More over the CGTase activity could be stably maintained for 8 times of repetitive reactions after removing products by ultrafiltration through YM 10 membrane.

모유영양아와 인공영양아의 피하지방 및 상완위의 성장발육 상태 : 영아의 피하지방 및 상완위 발육상태

최경숙,최혜미,구재옥,임경숙,김주혜,김숙배 동아시아식생활학회 1997 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.7 No.1

One- to three- month-old infants (n=232) were compared their upper arm cumference and skinfold thickness(triceps, subscapular) by feeding methods in cross-sectional study. There were two groups : breast-fed(BF) and formula-fed groups(FF). As reported previously^(7)), weight, length, head and chest circumferences of these infants were good, and overall growth status was not significantly different by feeding methods, but weight, weight velocity and chest circumference of formula-fed infants were higher than breast-feds at 3 month, significantly. Here, the triceps skinfold thickness of infants at 1, 2, and 3 postpartum months were 7.4, 9.5 and 10.5 ㎜, respectively. The triceps skinfold thickness of breast-fed infants were higher than formula-feds at 1 and 2 postpartum month, but at 3 month, that of formula-fed infants was greater than breast-fed infants, insignificantly. The subscapular skinfold thickness of infants were 6.4, 9.2 and 10.6 ㎜ at 1 to 3 postpartum months, respectively. The upper arm circumference of infants were 11.7, 13.4, 14.3㎝, and the arm muscle diameter were 34.5, 39.3 and 41.7㎝ at one to three postpartum months, respectively. The upper arm circumference of male infants was higher than females at 2, 3 postpartum months. Overall, there were no significant differences between feeding methods in triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness, upper arm circumference and arm muscle diameter. But 3-month-old formula-fed male infants showed bigger significantly in arm circumference than the breast-feds. From this survey, long-term survey on growth and body composition of large scales might be necessary to determine the effect of feeding methods of infants after 3 months and to set proper body composition standard for infant.

인삼, 식이섬유, DHA를 첨가한 기능성 두부의 특성

백은경,구혜진,김경선,김동섭,백무열 경희대학교 생명자원과학연구원 2004 硏究論文集 Vol.23 No.-

두부의 기능성과 고급화 및 다양화를 하기 위하여 식이 섬유, 인삼, DHA를 첨가하여 기능성 두부를 제조함에 있어 이들 첨가량이 품질에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 식이 섬유 첨가 두부는 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 수율이 증가하여 경도, 응집성 및 껌성이 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며 탄성은 첨가량에 따라 큰 차이를 나타레지 않았다. 관능검사 결과 또한 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 경도, 응집성, 탄성 등의 감소와 쓴맛, 떫은맛의 증가로 인하여 전반적인 기호도가 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 감소하였다. DHA 첨가 두부는 경도와 껌성이 기계적 특성치와 관능검사 결과에서 모두 첨가량의 증가에 따라 증가하였으며, 이외의 특성들은 대조구와 큰 차이를 나타내지 않아 첨가량에 관계없이 전반적인 기호도에서 대조구와 크게 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 인삼분말과 extract 첨가 두부는 첨가 방법에 상관없이 수율과 기계적 특성치인 탄성과 응집성에서 대조구와 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았으며, 인삼 고유의 성질 때문에 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 L값은 감소하고 a값은 증가하였으며 쓴맛과 떫은맛이증가하여 전반적인 기호도가 분말과 extract 모두 첨가량이 증가하면서 낮아졌으며 최소 첨가량인 0.05%를 첨가하는 것이 경도. 탄성, 껌성 , 응집성에서 대조구와 가장 유사한 것으로 나타나 전반적인 기호도가 0.05%에서 우수하게 평가되었다. 따라서본 실험을 바탕으로 하여 앞으로 식이 섬유와 인삼, 식이 섬유와 DHA. 인삼과 D보A, 마지막으로 이 세 가지를 모두 섞어서 첨가하여 더 기능적이고 다양한 기능성 두부에 대한 실험을 수행해야 할 것이다. The quality characteristics of functional soybean curd with polydextrose, ginseng and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) were investigated. As the concentration of polydextrose increased, the yield increased but hardness, cohesiveness and gumminess decreased. In sensory evaluation, the overall preference decreased with increasing polydextrose concentration possibly due to decrease of hardness, cohesiveness and springiness, as well as increase of bitter and puckery tastes. Soybean curd with DHA showed no differences in all properties except hardness and gumminess. Soybean curd with ginseng extract and ginseng powder showed no difference in the yield and the textural properties. But the L value decreased, and a value, bitter taste and puckery taste increased with increasing ginseng concentration. Although the overall preference was decreased with increasing ginseng concentration in both powder and extract, addition of minimum concentration (0.05%) showed similar characteristic with control.

골프장 경기보조원의 근골격계 자각증상과 관련 요인

허경화,한영선,정혜선,구정완 大韓産業醫學會 2004 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.16 No.1

목적: 직업관련성 근골격계질환과 관련된 여러 가지 위험요인에 노출되어 있는 경기보조원의 작업내용과 관련하여 근골격계 증상 유발 양상을 파악하고, 근골격계 증상 관련 요인을 파악하고자 하였다. 방법: 경기도 지역에 있는 6개 정규 골프장을 대상으로 경기보조원 316명에 대하여 2003년 4월 9일부터 4월 30일까지 3주간 설문지를 배부한 후 자기 기입 식으로 작성하게 하여 수거함으로써 자각증상 조사를 실시하였으며, 설문지는 미국 산업안전보건연구원이 사용하는 표준화된 설문지(NIOSH, 1993)의 국내 번역판(노상철 등, 1997)을 이용하였다. 결과: 조사대상 경기보조원의 신체 부위별 근골격계 자각증상 호소율은 다리/무릎/발목/발이 41.8%로 가장 높은 증상 호소율을 보였으며 어깨 35.8%, 등/허리 35.8%, 목 28.8%, 팔/손목/손가락 28.5% 순 이었다. 성수기의 1일 근무시간이 팔/손목/손가락 부위를 제외한 나머지 부위에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 경기보조원의 업무특성과 관련하여 골프장의 경사와 굴곡의 정도, 내장객의 폭언 및 폭행, 업무의 속도를 조절할 수 없음, 일의 육체적 부담의 강도, 고용의 불안정성, 직장을 잃을 가능성 등이 근골격계 자각증상과 유의한 연관성을 보였다. 직무스트레스 특성에서는 정신적 직무요구도가 높은 반면, 낮은 직무 재량도를 보여 근무긴장도가 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 다변량 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시한 결과 목 부위, 어깨 부위, 등/허리 부위 및 다리/무릎/발목/발 부위의 근골결계 증상에는 성수기 12시간 이상의 근무시간이, 팔/손목/손가락 부위의 증상에는 낮은 직무 재량도에서 유의한 영향을 미치는 요인으로 관찰되었다(P<0.05). 결론: 경기보조원의 근골격계 증상은 과중한 업무시간과 높은 직무요구도에 비해 낮은 직무재량도를 보이는 고긴장 직무 등에 의해 호소율이 높게 나타남을 알 수 있다. 근골격계 질환의 호소 요인에 대한 구체적인 대안의 마련과 더불어 정부기관에서 주도적으로 검토하여 경기보조원들이 속해있는 골프장 운영업체가 근골격계질환의 예방을 위한 조치와 경기보조원의 건강과 관련한 안전보건교육 등을 시행할 수 있도록 하는 방안이 마련되어야 할 것으로 본다. Objectives: This study evaluated the complaint rates of musculoskeletal symptoms and investigated the related factors of musculoskeletal symptoms in the caddies. Methods: For 316 caddies working at 6 regular golf courses, we used the self-recording questionnaires to examine general characteristics, job stress factors, subjective musculoskeletal symptoms designed by NIOSH, working environments, and working contents. Results: The complaint rates of musculoskeletal symptoms according to the musculoskeletal criteria of NIOSH were 41.8% in leg/knee/ankle/foot, 35/8% in the upper back/lower back, 28.8% in the neck, and 28.5% in the arm/wrist/fingers. Important factors affecting musculoskeletal symptoms were daily working hours during the high-demand seasons in all anatomical sites except the arm/wrist/fingers. Other related factors were degrees of winding and inclined in the golf courses, violent language and violence of customers, inability to regulate the velocity and work load control, heavy physical burden, instability of employment, and possibility of unemployment according to the specialty of caddies. As a results of multivariate logistic regression analysis, musculoskeletal symptoms of the neck, shoulders, back/lower back and leg/knee/ankle/foot were significantly influenced by working time over 12 hours in the high-demand season, and symptoms of the arm/wrist/fingers by low decision latitude (P<0.05). Conclusions: The complaint rates of musculoskeletal symptoms in the caddies were affected by working time over 12 hours and low decision latitude against excessively high psychological job demand.

서울의 PPNG 발생 빈도(1991-1992)

김재홍,윤기범,박평원,김영진,전경민,김영태,김중환,곽호,구상완,송민석,유옥,지혜구,김동원,문상은,박영립,정승호,성범진,성순제,엄주용,황정열,이기홍,이주협,전태진 대한화학요법학회 1994 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.12 No.1

The prevalence of PPNG among pretreated gonorrhea cases isolated at the STD clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul has been studied and reported annually since 1981. In 1991, 123 strains of N.gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 58(47.1%) were PPNG. In 1992, 98 starains of N.gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 51(52.0%) were PPNG. In all, 109(49.3%) strains were found to be PPNG among 221 strains isolated between 1991-1992. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul showed increased tendency till 1989, thereafter, it has been stationary or slightly decreasing.

Molocular Imaging and Nanomedicine(Biotechnology) : Development of anti-Her2 immunoliposomes for gene delivery directed to Her2-overexpressing cancer cells

( Kyung Hye Koo ),( Yeon Kyung Lee ),( Jung Seok Kim ),( Keun Sik Kim ),( Yong Serk Park ) 한국생화학분자생물학회 (구 한국생화학회) 2008 생화학분자생물학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.2008 No.-

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