Metagenomic Analysis of Fungal Communities Inhabiting the Fairy Ring Zone of Tricholoma matsutake

( Miae Kim1 ),( Hyeok Jun Yoon ),( Young Hyun You ),( Ye Eun Kim ),( Ju Ri Woo ),( Yeong Gyo Seo ),( Gyeong Min Lee ),( Young Ja Kim ),( Won Sik Kong ),( Jong Guk Kim ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2013 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.23 No.10

Tricholoma matsutake, an ectomycorrhiza that has mutual relationships with the rootlet of Pinus denisflora, forms a fruiting body that serves as a valuable food in Asia. However, the artificial culture of this fungus has not been successful. Soil fungi, including T. matsutake, coexist with many other microorganisms and plants; therefore, complex microbial communities have an influence on the fruiting body formation of T. matsutake. Here, we report on the structures of fungal communities associated with the fairy ring of T. matsutake through the pyrosequencing method. Soil samples were collected inside the fairy ring zone, in the fairy ring zone, and outside the fairy ring zone. A total of 37,125 sequencing reads were obtained and 728 to 1,962 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were observed in the sampling zones. The fairy ring zone had the lowest OTUs and the lowest fungal diversity of all sampling zones. The number of OTUs and fungal taxa inside and outside the fairy ring zone was, respectively, about 2 times and 1.5 times higher than the fairy ring. Taxonomic analysis showed that each sampling zone has different fungal communities. In particular, out of 209 genera total, 6 genera in the fairy ring zone, such as Hemimycena, were uniquely present and 31 genera, such as Mycena, Boletopsis, and Repetophragma, were specifically absent. The results of metagenomic analysis based on the pyrosequencing indicate a decrease of fungal communities in the fairy ring zone and changes of fungal communities depending on the fairy ring growth of T. matsutake.

비만 여성을 대상으로 한 해조류 추출물의 국부처치와 운동 병행을 통한 지방분해 효과의 임상적 검정

서태수,이인숙,변재철,김규호,박승한,김유영,김상국,김현정,김상기,신동철,성미영,박종석,김종기,박언휘 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.3

This study was carried out to test the body fat breakdown during topical seaweed extract treatment and in combination with the aerobic exercise. Of 20 female obesity subjects, ten treated a cream types of seaweed extract(control group) and ten treated a placebo cream(placebo group). Topical treatment of each sample was designed for 4 weeks, and treated with 2 times a day about 10ml on the abdomen and the thigh, respectively. All subjects were participated aerobic dance half hour a day and four times a week. After 4 weeks of topical treatment and exercise, they were measured body fat, skinfold thickness, body circumference. Then venous blood samples were taken and analyzed blood cells, serum enzymes, and serum lipids. There were reduction of body weight, % of body fat, antebrachium, brachium, chest, waist, thigh circumference and abdomen thickness between pre and post treatment in both group. Especially, body weight and % of body fat significantly reduced in the subjects treating the seaweed extract than those treating the placebo. There were significant decrement in total cholesterol and LDL whereas increment in HDL and TBIL in the control group, but no significant difference in the placebo group. In conclusion, there were 7.6% of body fat reduction during 4 weeks of aerobic exercise and 21% of body fat reducement in combination of topical seaweed treatment and exercise, respectively. These results suggest that the topical treatment of seaweed extract should be very effective for fat breakdown. Especially, the body fat breakdown maximized in the combination with the topical seaweed extracts treatment and the aerobic exercise.

경연 대회를 통한 초ㆍ중고생의 창의력 신장 효과에 관한 연구

이희복,육근철,류해일,김현섭,김희수,박달원,유병환,김선효,김여상,서광수,변두원,서명석,배성효,박종석,심규철,이성희 공주대학교 과학교육연구소 2001 과학교육연구 Vol.32 No.1

미래 사회를 대비하기 위한 개인의 개성을 존중과 창의적인 능력을 지닌 인간을 양성을 목적으로 충청남도 지역의 초 ㆍ 중고등학생들을 대상으로 한 창의력 경연대회가 공주대학교 과학교육연구소에서 개최되었다. 충청남도 초 ㆍ중 ㆍ 고등학생들을 대상으로 실시한 창의력 경연대회는 창조적 아이디어를 내어 스스로 문제를 해결해 나갈 수 있는 교육 프로그램을 제공하는 좋은 기회였음이 확인되었으나, 일부의 팀에서만 참신하고 재미있는 아이디어들이 제안되었다. 여학생의 참가자 수가 상당히 증가하였으며, 대체적으로 입상권의 학생들의 상당 부분이 여학생이라는 것이 특이할만하다. 학년이 올라감에 따라서 창의적인 아이디어를 내는 양이나 질에 있어서 뒤떨어지는 것으로 분석되었으며, 토론 학습의 적응력이 미흡하고 발표력 및 청취력에 있어서도 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 중 ㆍ고등학교의 학교교육에서도 학생들에게 프로젝트형 탐구학습 프로그램의 적용은 물론 토론식 수습을 통한 학생들의 사고의 전환의 기회를 제공해야 할 것으로 사료된다. The creativity competition was held to foster the creativity of elementary and secondary school students in the Institute of Science Education, Kongju national University. It was found that the creativity competition effected on the improvement of inventing creative ideas and problem solving activities. But, only some competitors participated in semifinal and final contests, presented original and interesting ideas. More female students participated in competition than last year. More female participants were awarded a prize than males. Totally, participants were defective in discussion and communication, and presentation and listening ideas. Increasing grades correlated inversely with creativity and originality. There is need of inquiry project teaming programs and presenting opportunities of conversion of thinking by discussing instructions in school

흰쥐 척수 손상후 Parvalbumin과 Calbindin D-28K 함유신경세포에 관한 면역세포화학적 연구

김종중,정윤영,임유택,박상수,박영란,김현곤,문정석 조선대학교 부설 의학연구소 2002 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.27 No.2

Background and Objectives: This study was done to compared the distribution of the two calcium-binding proteins immunoreactive neurons, parvalbumin immunoreactiv (PV-IR) and calbindin D-28K immunoreactive (CB-IR) neurons in the spinal cord after transection. Materials and Methods: Twenty rats were divided into 3 groups (control, complete spinal cord injury (SCI), and right and left spinal cord hemisection). SCI was produced by cutting the spinal cord use blades 11 with scalpel handles. Results: In this experiment, CB-IR neurons were mainly found in many pyramidal cells distributed in the brain stem and spinal cord of rats. PV-IR Neurons were demonstrated in all lamina of the gray matter of the spinal cord. These immunoreactive cells had the highest density in the layer I and II of dorsal horn and several nuclei of the ventral horn of the all the segments of the spinal cord. CB-IR neuropil labeling was strongly noted in all the segments of the spinal cord. In contrast PV-IR neurons were different in distribution, size and morphology in the spinal cord. The number of PV-IR neurons were greater than in the spinal cord compared with the CB-IR neurons. CB-IR and PV-IR somata were round, oval, spindle and polygonal in shape, and were unipolar, bipolar, multipolar and horizontal in types. The diameters of the somata of the PV-IR and CB-IR neurons were 40-50 ㎛, respectively. Also dendrites of PV-IR and CB-IR neurons were densely arrayed in network.

평균내부거리를 이용한 데이터 분류에 관한 연구

유현재,김문수,조석제 韓國海洋大學校電波通信硏究所 1999 電波通信硏究所論文集 Vol.1 No.-

This paper presents an approach which classifys more accurately clusters for the data sets being different size cluster. We have more degree of membership to the large cluster and less degree of membership to the small cluster by the size of cluster. In the proposed algorithm, the internal data in the average intracluster distance was given the degree of membership more than 1. So we assume the data is proper. FCM is given the degree of membership depends on the distance between data and the center of cluster. But in the proposed algorithm, the center searching was improved about different size cluster by giving the degree of membership using the distance from each data to intracluster.

Bacillus stearothermophilus KJ16이 생산하는 Cyclodextrinase의 정제와 효소특성

김병우,권현주,유동주 동의대학교 기초과학연구소 1999 基礎科學硏究論文集 Vol.9 No.1

Cyclodextrinase from B. stearothermophilus KJ16 that can produce both cyclodextrin(CD) glucanotransferase and cyclodextrinase was purified 87.6-fold with 7% yield by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, Sephadex G-100 chromatography, and FPLC. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was about 68,000 dalton by SDS-PAGE. The optimal pH and temperature were 6.0 and 55℃, respectively. The enzyme was stable at 50℃ for 2 hr and in the pH range of 5.5 and 8.5. The enzyme activity was inhibited strongly by mercaptoethanol, dithiothreitol, p-chloromercuribenzoate, N-bromosuccinimide, Cu^+2 and Hg^+2. The purified enzyme hydrolyzed CDs with γ-CD$gt;β-CD$gt;α-CD. The enzyme also hydroylzed linear maltodextrins and polysaccharieds, but the rates of hydrolysis for such substrates were slow as compared to that for γ-CD. The final degradation products with all substrates were maltose and glucose. Maltose was not further hydrolyzed.

자기공명영상을 이용한 만성 족관절통의 원인 분석

김현철,이경태,유재원,이상홍,선재명 조선대학교 부설 의학연구소 2000 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.25 No.1

Purpose : Chronic ankle pain is one of the most popular problems with orthopedic clinicians, but it has complex etiologic factors in diagnosis. Recently, magnetic resornance imaging has used as common diagnostic modality in ligaments and tendon problems of ankle sprain. The purpose of this article is to determine the appearances and frequency of chronic ankle sprain by MRI, and to determine the value of MRI as a diagnostic tool. Materials and Methods : We have analysed MRI findings of 84 chronic sprained ankles over 6 months duration from September 1995 to January 1997. All cases had been past history of ankle injury. Among them, sports players ie, soccer, basket ball, competitive runner and ballet dancer are 51 cases( 60.7% ). Average age of patients is 27.06( 13 to 54 ) years old and sex ratio is 23:5. For the confirmative diagnosis, We adopted variable methods, ie, ultrasonogram, bone scan, CT scan, arthroscopic examination and surgical intervention. Results : The Etiologic factors of chronic ankle sprain by MRI includes 39 Lateral ankle instability due to Anterior Talofibular and Calcaneofibular ligamentous tear, 18 Peroneal tendon insufficiency ie, synovitis, longitudinal tear, subluxation and abnormal tendon insertion, 15 Osteochondral fracture of talus or tibia, 10 Anterior Impingement syndrome due to anterior bony spur, 9 Deltoid tear, 6 Os subfibulare, 4 Distal tibiofibular ligament abnormality, 3 Os subtibiale, 2 Ankle synovitis, 2 Intraarticular loose body. Conclusion : MRI study employed in hazy chronic ankle sprain is useful diagnostic modality. But, Diagnostic result using MRI was not correlated the clinical prognosis, and proper physical examination is important in the point of technical aspect to get the exact dissecting angle of MRI.

초음파 비파괴 검사기법에 의한 용접결함 분류성능 비교

김재열,유신,김창현,송경석,양동조,김유홍 한국공작기계학회 2004 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2004 No.-

In this study, we made a comparative study of backpropagation neural network and probabilistic neural network and bayesian classifier and perceptron as shape recognition algorithm of welding flaws. For this purpose, variables are applied the same to four algorithms. Here, feature variable is composed of time domain signal itself and frequency domain signal itself. Through this process, we comfirmed advantages/disadvantages of four algorithms and identified application methods of four algorithms.

주문형 비디오 서버에서 효율적인 저장 시스템의 구성에 관한 연구

김현배,안유정 부산교육대학교 과학교육연구소 1999 科學敎育硏究 Vol.24 No.-

The goal of VOD servers is to provide services to more users with videos which clients request. To approach the goal, it is important that constructs a storage system on VOD server efficiently. First, we evaluate conventional architecture of storage system on VOD server, then propose a new architecture for it. Lastly, to verify our architecture, we compare ours with others through various experiments. As a result, we show that our architecture has better performance than others.

n-CdS_(0.46)Se_(0.54)/p-Cu_92-x)S_(0.46)Se_(0.54) 이종접합 태양전지의 제작과 그 특성에 관한 연구

유상하,최승평,이상열,홍광준,서상석,김혜숙,전승룡,윤은희,문종대,신영진,정태수,신현길,김택성,유기수 全北大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1994 基礎科學 Vol.16 No.-

승화방법에 의해 CdS_0.46Se_0.54 단결정을 성장하여 결정구조를 조사하고, Van der Pauw 방법으로 Hall effect를 측정하여 carrier density의 온도 의존성과 mobility의 온도 의존성을 조사하였다. 성장된 CdS_0.46Se_0.54 단결정을 치환반응하여 n-CdS_0.46Se_0.54/p-Cu_2-xS_0.46Se_0.54 이종접합 태양전지를 제작하였다. Spectral response, 전류-전압특성 및 전력변환 효율을 조사하여 그 결과로부터 개방전압은 0.48V, 단락 전류 밀도는 21mA/㎠, fill factor와 전력변환효율은 각각 0.75와 9.5%를 얻었다. CdS_0.46Se_0.54 single crystal was grown by a sublimation method. The crystal structure and the temperature dependence of carrier density and mobility of CdS_0.46Se_0.54 single crystal were studied. Heterojunction solar cells on n-CdS_0.46Se_0.54/p-Cu_2-xS_0.46Se_0.54 were fabricated by the substitution reaction. The spectral response, the J-U characteristics and the conversion efficiency of the n-CdS_0.46Se_0.54/p-Cu_2-xS_0.46Se_0.54 heterojunction solar cells were studied. The open-cricuit voltage, short-circuit density, fill factor and conversion efficiency of n-CdS_0.46Se_0.54/p-Cu_2-xS_0.46Se_0.54 heterojunction solar cells under 80mW/㎠ illumination were found to be 0.48V, 21mA/㎠, 0.75 and 9.5%, respectively.