A Study on the Differences between British and American English

鄭大洙 광주대학교 인문과학연구소 1998 인문과학 Vol.4 No.-

English is a language in world-wide use which therefore exists in great diversity. The variations within English can be grouped into two families of varieties, a British and an American family. These families differs in detail, but they also contain very many similarities. The past history of English on the two sides of the Atlantic begins with elizabethan English transported to the New World. Gradually distinctive American English grew up and became no longer a colonial variant but on equal partner with British English, and a powerful source of innovation and coinings. Compared with the small number of grammatical differences between American and British English, differences of pronunciation are many indeed, and compared with the somewhat random and individual nature of vacabulary differences, differences of pronunciation are rather systematic. From this point of view, it would be argued that the biggest differences between the two, in fact, lie in pronunciation. In conclusion, if English is a language for the whole world, if the world-wide language displays complex variations of pronunciation, grammar and vacabulary, if these variations are broadly similar in American and in British English, it in also true that there is no other different set of variations to be considered.

H9c2 심근 세포주에서 외인성 nitric oxide가 허혈에 의한 세포 독성에 미치는 영향

정성구,장현용,김명천,고영관,정주호,배영미,박원서,김대중,유영민,김성수,임성빈 대한응급의학회 2001 대한응급의학회지 Vol.12 No.4

Background: Nitric oxide(NO) is known to have protective effects on an ischemic heart and to exert triggering effects on ischemic preconditioning. However, the effects of NO during the ischemic period have not been investigated. To investigate the role of exogenous nitric oxide in a model of ischemic heart cell death, we studied the effects of ischemic preconditioning and ischemia in a normal and an ischemic buffer. Methods: Rat cardiac myoblast cells(H9c2) were cultured in a normal and an ischemic buffered medium. For the ischemic culture of heart cells, the cells were cultured in a dessicator with GasPak for 5 hrs. In ischemic preconditioning, the cells were pretreated with ischemic buffer for 5 min and then perfused with normal medium for 30 min. For the measurement of the cytotoxicity, a MTT(3-4-Sdimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay was performed. A DAPI(4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride) staining procedure and a flow cytometry analysis were performed to confirm apoptotic cell death by ischemia. Results: Cell viability, as determined by using a MTT assay, showed that the preconditioned group treated with NO showed more cell death than with the not-preconditioned groups in both normal and ischemic buffers. But, In normal medium and not-preconditioned groups, NO showed protective effect according to the concentrations(100,1000μM) . No treatment with NO produced the different results. In normal medium, the protective effect of ischemic preconditioning was demonstrated, but no protective effect of ischemic preconditioning could be seen in the case of the ischemic buffer. The DAPI staining and flow cytometry analysis of heart cells showed characteristic apoptotic features. Conclusion: NO added in the ischemic phase had deterious effects on heart cells. Ischemic preconditioning was more harmful than ischemia alone. The toxicity of the cells was characteristic apoptosis.

일부 종합검진 수검자에서 비만도 및 혈중 지질이 혈압에 미치는 영향

임대식,함정오,김화성,이성수 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.3

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건톳 제조에 관한 연구

정창화,오창경,송대진,김수현,오명철 濟州大學校工科大學産業技術硏究所 1999 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.10 No.1

고품질의 건톳제품을 제조할 목적으로 블랜칭 처리조건, 염도, 색도, 톳의 건조조건 등을 연구하였다. 생톳의 최적 블랜칭 조건은 열탕에서 5초간 처리하였고 이때의 염도는 1.8(NaCl%)로 68%의 염분 제거율을 보였다. 건톳 제조의 최적 건조조건은 열풍건조기로 60 에서 2시간 건조시켰을 때이다. 건톳제품의 수분함량은 10%로 조절하였고 색도는 a(-2.61), b(3.58)이었다. For process dried Hizikia fusiforme product of excellent quality, condition of blanching treatment, salinity, color, and dry condition were investigated. The optimum blanching condition of fresh Hizikia fusiforme was 5 seconds at boiling water. Salinity was 1.8(NaCl%), and effect of salinity elimination was 68%. The optimum drying condition was 2 hours at 60℃ in hot-air drying oven. Moisture content of dried Hijizia fusiforme product was control to 10%, Color was a(-2.61), b(3.58).

Rat의 복강내에 투여한 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid 제형이 장기에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

강대영,송규상,최정목,노승무,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준묵,최선웅,이진호,조준식,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,김승영,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

For more effective intraperitoneal chemotherapy, the authers made 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid composite disks(FU-PGA disks) with 5-fluorouracil and polyglycolic acid, a biodegradable polymer. We inserted the FU-PGA disk into the peritoneal cavites of Sprague-Dawley male rats, the control and three experimental groups; one FU-PGA disk insert group(300mg/kg), two FU-PGA disk insert group(600mg/kg), and three FU-PGA disk insert group(900mg/kg). The control group received a similar number of PGA disk inserts. A pharmacokinetic study was performed to measure the 5-fluorouracil concentration in the peritoneal fluid, blood, and tissues(liver, kidney and heart) at 24 hours, 72hours and 168 hours after insertion of the FU-PGA disk. Light and electron microscopic studies were done. The results were as follows: 1) The number of white blood cells and platelets decreased after FU-PGA insertion. The degree was proportional to the duration and amounts inserted. The change in the number of red blood cells varied slightly. 2) Light microscopically, slight changes were noted at 168 hours in the 3 disk insert group (900mg/kg). Mild fatty change and hepatocyte degeneration around the central veins of the liver were noted, with vacuolar degeneration in the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney. 3) Electron microscopically,the liver showed focal increases of lipid droplets in the hepatocytes, and irregular nuclear membrane with focal nucleolar segregation of the fibrillar and granular elements. Also the double membranous structure of the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells was widened with bleb formation. The kidney showed wide separation of the nuclear double membrane in the proximal convoluted tubular cells and mesangial cells, with vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the proximal convoluted tubular cells, at 72 hours and 168 hours in the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. The heart showed focal loss of cristae,vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. In conclusion, despite the large amont of FU-PGA inserted, the histopathological changes in the liver, kidney and heart were slight, and consonant with the very low amount of 5-fluorouracil concentrations detected in the liver, kidney and heart. The above results suggest that the FU-PGA composite can serve as a new device for releasing drugs in a controlled manner and easily targeted to intraperitoneal organs. This device can improve the efficacy of intraperitoneal chemotherapy for gastric cancer.

검은밀복어 간유 중의 고도불포화지방산의 함량

김동수,임정규,김현대 한국식품영양학회 1999 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.12 No.2

냉동 검은밀복어 10개체를 반 해동상태에서 근육, 껍질, 간장 및 내장으로 분리하여 독성검사와 총지질량을 구하였고 TLC로 조성을 조사하였다. Silicic column chromatography에 의하여 간유로부터 중성지질, 인지질 및 당지질을 분리하였으며 중성지질중의 DHA 및 EPA함량을 gas chromatography로 분석하였다. 검은밀복어의 총지질 함량은 간장 29.34∼36.54, 내장 4.95∼6.11, 껍질 1.12∼1.60 및 근육 0.23∼0.38%로 나타났고, TLC 분석 결과 다양한 지질성분으로 구성되었다. 그 중에서 triglyceride가 가장 많았다. 지질 함량이 가장 높은 간장 부위의 총지질의 지방산은 주로 palmitic acid(16:0), palmitoleic acid(16:1), stearic acid(18:0), oleic acid(18:1), EPA(20:6) 및 DHA(22:1)이었다. 포화지방산에 대한 고도 불포화 지방산의 비율(0.84)은 높았고, DHA와 EPA의 함량은 각각 15.99와 3.04%였다. 간유 중의 중성지질 95.46, 당지질 1.45 및 인지질 3.09%의 함량인데, 이 중 가장 함량이 높은 것으로 나타난 중성지질을 분리하여 분석한 결과 주요 지방산은 palmitic acid(16:0), stearic acid(18:0), oleic acid(18:1), EPA(20:5) 및 DHA(22:6)로 나타났다. 그 중의 DHA와 EPA함량 비율은 각각 16.62와 2.41%로 나타났다. 한편, 간장내의 지질 추출 전과 후에 대한 독성치는 모두 무독한 것으로 판명되었다. Ten specimens of pufferfish, Lagocephalus gloveri(called Gumeun-milbog in Korean), were purchased at a fish market in Pusan, Korea. The pufferfishes were immediately frozen, packed in ice boxes, transported to our laboratory, and then dissected into four parts. The tissues were homoginized after adding with chloroform : methanol mixture solution, and storaged at cool and dark place to extract total lipid. The total lipid contents were 29.34∼36.54% in liver, 4.95∼6.11% in intestine, 1.08∼1.60% in skin and 0.23∼0.38% in muscle of the pufferfish, respectively. The contents of DHA and EPA were higher in the total lipids of livers, showing 15.99% DHA and 3.04% EPA. The other fatty acids in the total lipids of liver were mainly composed of palmitic acid(16:0), palmitoeic acid(16:1), stearic acid(18:0) and oliec acid(18:1). Furthermore, the contents of neutral lipids were 95.45%, and those of phospholipids and glycolipids were 1.45 and 3.09%, respectively. Main fattty acids of the neutral lipid were composed of palmitic acid(16:0), stearic acid(18:0), oleic acid(18:1), EPA(20:6) and DHA(22:6). The contents of DHA and EPA were 16.62 and 2.41%, respectively. From these results of toxicity in the raw liver, the tissue was judged to be nontoxic before and after extracting of total lipid.

체육수업에서의 운동상해에 관한 연구

윤기대,양정옥,김영수 신라대학교 교육과학연구소 2004 교육과학연구 Vol.- No.9

유한요소법을 이용한 판 구조물의 진동인텐시티 해석

조대승,이동환,김사수,정상민 釜山大學校生産技術硏究所 1999 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.57 No.-

구조물의 진동인텐시티를 파악하면 진동에너지 전달경로와 소산기구 및 주된 기지원의 위치 등을 규명할 수 있어 구조물 진동의 효율적 저감 대책을 수립할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 선박, 해양구조물 등과 같은 대형 복잡한 구조물의 진동인텐시티를 유한요소법으로 해석할 경우 적정한 모텔링 기법을 마련하고자 평판과 보강판에 대해 유한요소 모텔링을 달리 하면서 진동인텐시티 해석을 수행하고, 그 결과를 고전적 근사해법인 assumed mode method에 의한 결과와 비교·검토하였다. 이로부터 유한요법을 이용하여 판 구조물의 진동인텐시티 크기 및 방향을 정확하게 산정하기 위해서는 고유진동 또는 강제진동 해석의 경우보다 세밀한 유한요소 모텔링이 요구되지만 진동에너지 전달경로 규명 등을 위한 정서적 해석은 강제진동해석을 정확하게 할 수 있는 정도의 유한요소 모텔로도 가능함을 확인하였다. 아울러, 두께가 다른 평판 구조물, L-자형 판 구조물 및 3차원 box-girder에 대한 진동인텔시티 해석을 수행하여 다양한 판 구조물에 있어서 진동에너지의 전달 현상을 고찰하였다. The interest in evaluation of structural intensity arises for practical reasons, because net energy flow distribution offers information of energy transmission path, positions of sources, and sinks of vibration energy. In this paper, structural intensity analysis of plate structures using finite element method(FEM), which can be applied for more complex structures, is carried out. The purpose of this analysis is to evaluate the relative accuracy according to mesh fineness. The structural intensity of unstiffened and stiffened plates varying their mesh fineness is analyzed and the results are compared with those obtained by the assumed mode method. As results, the proper mesh size in qualitative/ quantitative structural intrnsity analysis of plate structures is proposed. In addition, the propagation phenomenon of vibration energy is investigated for the thickness-varying flat plate, L-type plate, and box-girder structures.

經濟性 藥用植物의 種苗 生産開發에 關한 硏究

孫賢秀,安始榮,金正基,鄭大守 東亞大學校 1976 東亞論叢 Vol.13 No.1

牡丹, 元杜仲, 五加皮 및 貝母等 經濟性 藥用作物의 種苗生産開發을 爲하여 이들 藥用作物의 生産過程의 體系化 및 汚染없는 良質의 藥材生産을 目的으로 實施된 本試驗에서 얻어진 結果는 다음과 같았다. 1. 牡丹은 揷穗調製型에서 踵揷木이 민짜 揷보다, 營養枝가 生殖枝보다, 그리고 IAA 處理濃度가 큰 것이 낮은 것에 比해 發根率이 높았다. 2. 元杜仲은 濕度 調節이 可能한 Viny床 露地보다 基部揷穗가 頂部揷穗보다, 그리고 IBA 處理濃度가 큰 것이 낮은 것에 比해 發根率이 높았다. 3. 五加皮의 綠地揷木은 基部가 頂部에 比해 發根率이 높았다. 그리고 營養枝가 生殖枝에 比해, 또 NAA處理가 無處理에 比해 各各 發根率이 높았다. 4. 貝母의 解莖分割揷植은 1個解莖에서 19±5個의 種苗를 生産할 수 있었다. Some factorial experiments on breeding production development of some medicinal plants, Paeonia suffruticosa Eucommia ulmodes, Acanthopanax spinous and Feritillaria thunbergii were carried out, and the results obtained were as follows, 1. On cutting of Paeonia suffruticosa the rooting rate of heel cutting was higher as compared with straight cutting in the terms of cutting types, and that of nutritive shoot was better than reprodnctive shoot, and also the rate is revealed higher at high concentration of IAA as compared with low concentration of IAA. 2. On Eucommia ulmoides cortex, the rotting rate of cutting at polyethylene frame was revealed higher as compared with field, and that of lower parts of cutting was convinced bettes than upper parts of cutting, and was also appeared higher at high concentration of IBA than at low concentration of IBA. 3. On Acanthopanax spinous the rooting rate of green wood cutting was revealed greater at lower parts of cutting as compared with upper parts, and that of nutritive shoot was higher than reproductive shoot, and was also appeared higher at NAA treated plots than non-treated ones, 4. Some 19 seedling production was capable of one Bulb in breeding production of Feritillaria thunbergii

일부 종합검진 수검자에 비만도 및 혈중 지질이 혈압에 미치는 영향

임대식,함정오'김화성'이성수 순천향대학교 교수학습개발센터 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.3

This study was conducted to evaluate blood pressure associated with body mass index and blood lipids. Study subjects were 3,076 persons (1,623 males and 1,453 females) who visited to General Health Screening Center located in Chonan. Data were collected from 2001 to 2003. Height, weight and blood pressure were measured by a trained nurse. The level of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, and fasting blood sugar were selected as biometric test variables. Statistical analysis, such as t-test, simple correlation, and stepwise multiple regression were performed using SAS package program. The mean (standar deviation) of age, BMI, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol in study subjects were 48.4 ±11.8 years, 23,7 ± 3.2 kg/m^(2), 124.6 ± 16.3 mmHg, 80.9 ± 10.7 mmHg, 97.6 ± 24.9 mg/㎗, 154.4 ± 105.6 mg/㎗, 203.2 ± 39.2 mg/㎗, 51.0 ± 12.8 mg/㎗, and 121.8 ± 35.6 mg/㎗, respectively. In multiple regression analysis of BMI and blood lipids on systolic blood pressure after controlling for confounders (age, sex, and fasting blood sugar), BMI, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride were found to be significant positive independent predictors of systolic blood pressure. In multiple regression analysis of BMI and blood lipids on systolic blood pressure after controlling for confounders (age, sex, and fasting blood sugar), BMI, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol were found to be significant positive independent predictors fo systolic blood pressure. With above results, it was found that BMI and blood lipids were significantly associated with blood pressure.