Spontaneous Pt Deposition on Defective Surfaces of In₂O₃ Nanocrystals Confined within Cavities of Hollow Silica Nanoshells: Pt Catalyst-Modified ITO Electrode with Enhanced ECL Performance

Cho, Young Shin,Kim, Soo Min,Ju, Youngwon,Kim, Junghoon,Jeon, Ki-Wan,Cho, Seung Hwan,Kim, Joohoon,Lee, In Su American Chemical Society 2017 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.9 No.24

<P>Although the deposition of metallic domains on a preformed semiconductor nanocrystal provides an effective pathway to access diverse hybrid nanocrystals with synergistic In2O3 metal/semiconductor heterojunction interface, those reactions that take place on the surface of semiconductor nanoscrystals have not been investigated thoroughly, because of the impediments caused by the surface-capping organic surfactants. By exploiting the interfacial reactions occurring between the solution and nanoparticles confined with the cavities of hollow nanoparticles, we propose a novel nanospace-confined strategy for assessing the innate reactivity of surfaces of inorganic semiconductor nanoparticles. This strategy was adopted to investigate the newly discovered process of spontaneous Pt deposition on In2O3 nanocrystals. Through an in-depth examination involving varying key reaction parameters, the Pt deposition process was identified to be templated by the defective In2O3 surface via a unique redox process involving the oxygen vacancies in the In2O3 lattice, whose density can be controlled by high-temperature annealing. The product of the Pt-deposition reaction inside the hollow silica nanoparticle, bearing In2O3-supported Pt catalysts inside the cavity protected by a porous silica shell, was proved to be an effective nanoreactor system which selectively and sustainably catalyzed the reduction reaction of small-sized aromatic nitro-compounds. Moreover, the surfactant-free and electroless Pt deposition protocol, which was devised based on the surface chemistry of the In2O3 nanoparticles, was successfully employed to fabricate Pt-catalyst-modified ITO electrodes.with enhanced electrogenerated chemiluminescece (ECL) performance.</P>

Cytogenetic Characteristics of Chinese Hamster Ovarian Cell CHO-K1

Sohn, Sea-Hwan,Cho, Eun-Jung,Jang, In-Surk The Korean Society of Animal Reproduction 2006 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.30 No.4

The Chinese Hamster Ovarian cells CHO-K1 are one of the most extensively used cells for the evaluation of gene expression and toxicology. However, these cells are frequently used for biomedical research without consideration of their cytogenetic characteristics. Therefore, we carried out to investigate the karyologic profiles, the frequency and type of chromosome aberration, and the distribution of telomeric DNA on chromosomes of the CHO-K1 cells. The GTG banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization on CHO-K1 cells were performed to characterize the karyotype and the distribution of telomeric DNA The present study revealed that the chromosome modal number of CHO-K1 cells was 2n=20; eight chromosomes appeared to be identical with those of the normal Chinese hamster, whereas the remaining 12 chromosomes were shown to be translocated, deleted, inversed, or rearranged from Chinese hamster chromosomes. The telomeric DNA on CHO-K1 chromosomes was intensively distributed at the centromeres rather than the ends of chromosomes. In addition, three chromosomes had interstitial telomeres and one marker chromosome entirely consisted of telomeric DNAs. The frequency and type of chromosome aberrations in CHO-K1 cells were examined. Of the 822 metaphase spreads, 68 (8.3%) cells resulted in chromosome aberrations of which the chromosome breakage was the most frequently occurred.

항생제 혼합 시멘트 정을 이용한 장관골 감염성 불유합의 이단계 치료

조세현,정순택,박형빈,황선철,하용찬,황인환 대한골절학회 2004 대한골절학회지 Vol.17 No.4

목적: 장관골 감염성 불유합의 치료 시 항생제 혼합 시멘트 정을 이용한 이단계 재건술의 결과를 분석하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 1998년 1월부터 2002년 9월까지 장관골 감염성 불유합으로 이단계 재건 수술을 받은 41예 (대퇴골 26예, 경골 15예)를 대상으로 하였다. 일단계 수술에서는 광범위한 변연 절제술, 부골 제거 및 세척술과 기존 고정 장치의 제거 또는 외고정 장치로의 교환을 시행한 후 시공 (dead space)과 불유합 주변 연부조직 내 항생제 혼합 시멘트 정을 삽입하였다. 임상적 감염 증상이 호전된 평균 8.7주 (3주~32주) 후 이단계 재건술로서 Ⅰ군은 내고정 장치 (금속판 5예, 골수강내 금속정 8예), Ⅱ군은 외고정 장치 (Ilizarov 25예, Monofixator 3예)로 각각 고정하고 17예에서는 골내 이동술이나 골 연장술을 시행하였다. 양군 모두 필요한 경우 골 이식과 시멘트 정의 교환을 추가하였다. 추시 기간은 16개월에서 최장 71개월로 평균 45개월 이었다. 치료 결과는 골유합 기간 및 Paley 방법에 의한 방사선상 골유합 상태와 하지 기능으로 평가하였다. 결과: Ⅰ군 13예 전부와 Ⅱ군 28예 중 26예에서 감염의 치료와 골유합을 얻었다. 이단계 재건술 후 골 이식술, 골 소파술, 외고정 핀 교환과 각변형 교정술, 피부 이식 또는 근육 피판 회전술 등의 보조적 시술이 Ⅰ군은 평균 2회, Ⅱ군은 평균 6.2회 추가되었다. 평균 골유합 기간은 Ⅰ군이 19.3주이고 Ⅱ군이 23.1주로 내고정군이 더 빨랐다. 방사선상 Paley 골유합 상태는 Ⅰ군이 우수 8예, 양호 5예이었고, Ⅱ군이 우수 18예, 양호 7예, 보통 1예, 불량 2예 이었다 (p=0.492). 기능적 결과는 Ⅰ군에서 우수 6예, 양호 6예, 보통 1예 이었고, Ⅱ군에서는 우수 10예, 양호 13예, 보통 3예, 불량 2예 이었다 (p=0.267). 결론: 항생제 혼합 시멘트 정의 골수염 치료 효과가 관찰되었으며, 감염이 호전된 후 내고정 장치로 교환해 준 군이 외고정을 유지한 군에 비하여 추가 수술 횟수가 적고, 골유합 기간도 빨랐다. Purpose: To evaluate treatment results between internal na external fixation groups in two-stage reconstruction of infected nonunion of long bones using antibiotics-impregnated cement beads. Materials and Methods: In the first stage, preexisting hardwares were removed and radical debridement was done. The dead space was filled with antibiotics -impregnated cement beads and the nonunion sits was immobilized by external fixation, cast or skeletal traction. In the second stage, all cases were divided into two groups; the nonunion was fixed by internal fixation in group Ⅰ versus external fixation in group Ⅱ. The intervening period between the first and second stage was average 8.7 weeks (range, 3~23 weeks). Results: The follow-up period was average 45 months (range, 16~71 months). Infection control and bone union were achieved in all 13 cases of group Ⅰ. Infection recurred in two of 28 cases in group Ⅱ, one underwent above-knee amputation and the other case was lost in follow-up. The mean number of supportive operations including repeated curettage, augmentation and change of infected pins, angular correction, and soft tissue flap was average 2 and 6.2 times respectively in group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ. Bony union period was average 19.3 and 23.1 weeks in each group. According to Paley's classification, group Ⅰ was similar to group Ⅱ in bony and functional result (p>0.05). Conclusion: Antibiotics-impregnated cement beads provided positive effect on infection control. Internal fixation group showed less number of additional operations and earlier bony union than external fixation group.

Encapsulation of Various Guests by an Anionic In-Metal–Organic Framework Containing Tritopic BTB Ligand: Crystal Structure of Reichardt’s Dye Captured in an In-Metal–Organic Framework

Cho, Eun-Young,Gu, Ja-Min,Choi, In-Hwan,Kim, Wan-Seok,Hwang, Yong-Kyung,Huh, Seong,Kim, Sung-Jin,Kim, Youngmee The American Chemical Society 2014 CRYSTAL GROWTH AND DESIGN Vol.14 No.10

<P>The reaction between 1,3,5-benzenetribenzoic acid (H<SUB>3</SUB>BTB) and In(NO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB> hydrate in diethylformamide yielded a new In<SUP>III</SUP>-metal-organic framework, [(CH<SUB>3</SUB>CH<SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>NH<SUB>2</SUB>]<SUB>3</SUB>[In<SUB>3</SUB>(BTB)<SUB>4</SUB>]·10DEF·14H<SUB>2</SUB>O (<B>I</B>). The countercation and solvent-free doubly interpenetrated <B>I</B> potentially contains 71.0% of solvent accessible void. Although the framework of <B>I</B> was not stable enough to maintain its original structure when the solvent molecules were removed, the as-prepared <B>I</B> was found to be a very good sorbent for acridine orange hydrochloride, a large Reichardt’s dye, and hydrophobic iodine molecule in solution. The as-prepared <B>I</B> exhibited increased uptake amount in the order of Reichardt’s dye > acridine orange hydrochloride > iodine. The largest uptake of the bulky Reichardt’s dye by <B>I</B> could be attributed to the optimized structural fitting of Reichardt’s dye into the large three-dimensional void space of <B>I</B>. The structure of Reichardt’s dye-encapsulated <B>I_RD</B> was unambiguously revealed by X-ray crystallography for the first time.</P><P>Thermal reaction between the tritopic ligand, 1,3,5-benzenetribenzoic acid (H<SUB>3</SUB>BTB), and In(NO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB> hydrate in diethylformamide yielded colorless crystals formulated as [(CH<SUB>3</SUB>CH<SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>NH<SUB>2</SUB>]<SUB>3</SUB>[In<SUB>3</SUB>(BTB)<SUB>4</SUB>]·10DEF·14H<SUB>2</SUB>O (<B>I</B>). The as-prepared <B>I</B> was found to be a good sorbent material for positively charged acridine orange, a large Reichardt’s dye, and hydrophobic iodine molecule in solution.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/cgdefu/2014/cgdefu.2014.14.issue-10/cg5005837/production/images/medium/cg-2014-005837_0010.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/cg5005837'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

성인 급성 골수성 백혈병에서 6-Thioguanine, Cytarabine, Doxorubicin(TAD) 3제 복합화학요법의 효과 : 최종보고

최환석,윤휘중,우인숙,박지훈,김정희,김시영,조경삼 大韓血液學會 1995 大韓血液學會誌 Vol.30 No.2

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1997)

김재홍,문득곤,김정수,김용준,임동진,박상훈,김희성,이민수,송기훈,김갑형,김형석,성소영,이인섭,김석우,황지환,조창근,김경문,부태성 대한화학요법학회 2000 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.18 No.3

Background : In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Methods : For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of PPNG, we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results : In 1997. 99 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 45(45.5%) were PPNG. Conclusion : The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 45.5% in 1997.

Effects of combination therapy of statin and N-acetylcysteine for the prevention of contrast–induced nephropathy in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Park, Soo Hwan,Jeong, Myung Ho,Park, In Hyae,Choi, Jin Soo,Rhee, Jung Ae,Kim, In Soo,Kim, Min Cheol,Cho, Jae Yeong,Sim, Doo Sun,Hong, Young Joon,Park, Hyung Wook,Kim, Ju Han,Ahn, Youngkeun,Cho, Jeong Elsevier 2016 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY Vol.212 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a risk factor for contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). We investigated whether pretreatment with statin, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO<SUB>3</SUB>) reduces the risk of CIN.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>We conducted a prospective trial and enrolled a total of 334 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. Patients were divided into four groups: Group I (statin 40mg), Group II (statin 80mg), Group III (statin 80mg plus NAC 1200mg) and Group IV (regimen of group III plus NaHCO<SUB>3</SUB> 154mEq/L). CIN was defined as ≥25% or ≥0.5mg/dL increase in serum creatinine from the baseline within the 72h after PCI.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>CIN occurred in 72 (21.6%) patients. The incidence of CIN was the lowest in the group III (14.3%), and multivariate analysis showed the lower incidence of CIN in group III compared to Group I [odds ratio (OR) 0.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.13–0.64, p=0.002]. Admission hyperglycemia [(AHG)>198mg/dL] (OR 2.20, 95% Cl 1.20–3.68, p=0.011) and the use of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) (OR 4.20, 95% CI 1.38–12.78, p=0.016) were independent predictors for CIN. The CIN (OR 9.00, 95% CI 1.30–62.06, p=0.026) was an independent predictor for in-hospital mortality.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>Combination of high-dose statin plus NAC was associated with lower incidence of CIN in patients with STEMI who underwent primary PCI compared to statin only.</P>

Engineering of AlON interlayer in Al₂O₃/AlON/In_0.53Ga_0.47As gate stacks by thermal atomic layer deposition

Lee, Woo Chul,Cho, Cheol Jin,Park, Suk-In,Jun, Dong-Hwan,Song, Jin Dong,Hwang, Cheol Seong,Kim, Seong Keun ELSEVIER 2018 CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS Vol.18 No.8

<P>The presence of an AlN interfacial layer in high-k/In0.53Ga0.47As gate stacks improves the interfacial properties and enhances the electrical performance of devices. However, pure AlN is rarely grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) because of the low reactivity of NH3 toward the common Al-precursor and the predisposition to oxidation of the grown AlN layer. Although a plasma-enhanced ALD technique significantly suppresses the oxygen content in the grown AlN layer, the deterioration of the interface properties by plasma-damage is a critical issue. In this work, an AlON interlayer was engineered by optimizing the NH3 feeding time in thermal ALD to improve the interface quality in Al2O3/AlON/In0.53Ga0.47As capacitors. It was determined that a mere increase in the NH3 feeding time during the ALD of the AlON film resulted in a higher nitrogen incorporation into the AlON interlayer, leading to a reduction in the interface trap density. Furthermore, the out-diffusion of elements from the In0.53Ga0.47As layer was effectively suppressed by increasing the NH3 feeding time. This work demonstrates that simple process optimization can improve the interface quality in high-k/In0.53Ga0.47As gate stacks without the use of any plasma-activated nitrogen source.</P>

CAD/CAM을 이용하여 제작한 All-ceramic core의 변연 적합도

김동근,조인호,임주환,임헌승,Kim Dong-Keun,Cho In-Ho,Lim Ju-Hwan,Lim Heon-Song 대한치과보철학회 2003 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.41 No.1

Novel methods producing supplementary and prosthetic material by cutting or discharge processing via computer design have been proposed as alternatives for traditional casting methods and are being utilized for commercial purposes. The CAD/CAM system used in dentistry can be classified into three-dimensional input of target values, restoration design, and material processing. The marginal fidelity in production of In-Ceram core has important clinical implications and is a key consideration issue in CAD/CAM production as well. Through this research, the author arrived at the following conclusion aaer conducting comparison analysis of marginal fidelities between the In-Ceram core produced via CAD/CAM and that produced through the traditional method ; 1. In the cases of mesial, distal, and lingual margins, the core margins via CAD/CAM produced lower values than those via the traditional method, but the differences were found to be statistically insignificant. 2. In the case of labial flange, the core margins via CAD/CAM produced lower values than those via the traditional method and the differences were found to be statistically significant. (p<0.05) 3. In comparision with overall marginal fidelity, the core margins via CAD/CAM produced lower values than those via the traditional method, but the differences were found to be statistically insignificant. 4. Among the core margins produced via the traditional method did not have statistically significant differences but fir those produced via CAD/CAM had statistically significant differences between labial and lingual sides and between labial and mesial sides. (p <0.05).

國民學校 敎師 自然 및 算數科 再敎育의 分析的 硏究 : Based on the Choong Buk Province

黃秉德,梁仁煥,崔炳文,趙璇衡,朴根生 淸州大學校 科學敎育硏究所 1977 淸州大學校 科學敎育硏究所 Vol.1 No.-

Our college has retrained many primary school teachers during 5 years is science, and during 4 years in case of mathematics. Many problems are found out in the process of retraining them in our school. This study is aimed to research the actual condition of the retraining and to find out the way to improvement from the problems. However, Our study will have some limitation as follows: (1) For our study, only 300 teachers are chosen from the total 1,869 attended at our college(Cheong Ju Teachers College) in 1976. (2) The administrational and financial affairs are analyzed only according to the Ministry of Education with UNICEF funds from 1972 to 1976, and (3) We didn't take any consideration of Ministry of Education Project in Suggesting the way of improvement. Following are some problems found in our study: 1) Throughout the nation, only 23% of primary school teachers were taught in science and mathematice reservice work during the 5 years, and it can be said that it takes about 20 years to retrained all the teachers without consideration of natural increase of teachers. 2) The proportion of selecting primary school teachers in all the country for this reservice training is extreme, for example, Jeju Province is 57.9%, Seoul 17.7%. 3) The proportion of woman teachers selected in Choong Buk primary school is only 3.5% of total woman teachers, who takes 32% of total Choong Buk primary teachers during 5 years. Therefore, it is said that the number is very little. 4) Some teachers have been reselected in the reservice training. In case of the Choong Buk Board of Education. the 6% of teachers selected once were reselected for 5 years. 5) When the test are enforced on attendants to get data before the reservice training. We could find that they didn't understand the basic concept of science except a grade under their charge. 6) In the process of inquiry study, they didn't know even the scientific terms of expectation and reasoning. 7) After 60 hours of reservice training course. We tested them about understanding of the contents of text, and their marks are from 10 to 100. the marks show large individual difference among them. 8) Some teachers may have neither teaching ability nor knowledge of the basic concept, that is 11.3% of total attendants are less than 30 marks in mathematics test. 9) It is too very large work to study reservice text during the 60 hours. 10) There are many difficult signs in the mathematics reservice text having no connection with the actual primary school mathematics text book. 11) In the reservice text of science, there are omitted the method of teaching materials production, the model of inquiry learning, and the evaluation method. 12) From the analysis of questionary response for finding the actual condition of administration of teaching materials, We could find out 15% of primary schools in Choong Buk Province do almost not prepare teaching materials, and 15% of its never put them to practical use. Therefore, We could say that total 30% of them have been teaching without teaching materials. 13) The 42% of attendants in mathematics class answer that they do not understand the new mathematical signs, and 42% of them answer the shortage of hours (60 hours) to understand their reservice text book. 14) The 25% of them answer that they teach children with cramming education, and almost of them want good teachers guide books. As mentioned above, there are found many problems to be solved for reservice training of science education in our country. Some of them will be solved in our study. So We find out its and We suggest the ways solving the problems as follows: A. On the administration of reservice training. 1) The reservice training work for primary school teachers is very significant and will have to be continued. 2) It will be done in not only summer vacation but also winter one for finishing immediatly all over the country. 3) The 60 hours of science reservice training course work are very short, and the classmember of attendants will be regulated. 4) The funds for reservice operation and travelling expenses for attendants will be realized. B. On selecting the attendants 1) When the attendants are selected, there will be consideration of age, rank, term of their service, sex and academic background. 2) as far as possible, it will be selected as homogeous groups, and it will be effective to teach them with division between class teacher and nonclass teacher. 3) When select attendants are it will be taken consideration of balance between city and province for the diffusion effect and parallel development in reservice training work. 4) It must give a chance to woman as same as to man teacher according to a rule of equal select chance. 5) The principal, instructor and school inspector will be reeducated for fixing of science curriculum. C. On reservice training text book 1) The text book must reedit moderatly for 60 hours, or the time of retraining for the text book finished will be extented. In our opinion, it is to be desired that the time have to be added. 2) The difficult signs must be omitted, taking into account for the mathematics knowledge and time of education period. 3) In the science reservice training text book, it must supplement the tack for framming of inquiry teaching plan, the method for making teaching materials, and the skill for replacing of teaching materials. D. For the curriculum management of science. 1) The Governmental Company must settle the shortage of science teaching materials in primary school. 2) For the charge of the old state of teaching method, the teachers must devote themselves to teach children without miscellaneous duties. 3) The authorities concerned (for example, Ministry of Education, Teachers College, etc.) must make guide books for science teachers, and supply them to primary school teachers. 4) It must be given the chance of long period reeducation to the incompetent primary school teachers, and problem will have to be studied under the situation of educational administration.