Estrogen에 의한 MUP의 억제적 조절

조병남,김미녀 가톨릭대학교 자연과학연구소 1999 자연과학논문집 Vol.20 No.-

The major urinary protein (MUP) of mice that binds hydrophobic molecules known as pheromones is regulated by various hormones including growth hormone, testosterone and thyroxine. To investigate the role of estrogen, the female reproductive hormone, in the regulation of MUP, we analyzed the MUP in the hormone-replaced mice. When urine was analyzed during the estrous cycle, MUP was found slightly lower in estrus than in other stages in female mice. Higher level of MUP was found in the ovariectomized female mice. However, when the ovariectomized female mice were injected with 17β-estradiol 2 weeks after surgery and sacrificed at 1, 2 and 3 days after injection, the levels of MUP were decreased in the estrogen-treated mice. In male mice, castration did not reveal any effect on the MUP level whereas estrogen treatment 2 weeks after castration decreased the level of MUP. Taken together, estrogen regulated MUP negatively in mice regardless of sex, suggesting that estrogen emerges as another regulation factor for MUP, in addition to the already known factors.

환기정도에 따른 수술실용 신발 종류가 수술실 오염에 미치는 영향 : How to Choose Suitable Shoes?

남경동,정혜선,박영신,원진희,주미자,성화신,이지혜,이병희,조경숙,배재춘 한국의료QA학회 2000 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Background : Various types of protective footwear have been used to minimize bacterial contamination in operating rooms. In recent years, debate has arisen concerning the need for use of such protective footwear. This study was designed to provide useful data about choosing shoes most suitable for the surgical environment. Methods : Between November, 1999 and January, 2000, we performed this experimental study by comparing effect of three types of shoes (i.e., disposable shoescover, operating room-restricted shoes, and ordinary shoes) on bacterial contamination of operating rooms equipped with two different ventilation systems (i.e., high air-change, low air-change) respectively. Data were collected during two-hour sham operations in which subjects and their activities were strictly standardized. Bacterial flora were sampled from the study area floor and air colony-counts were measured. Results : In experiments involving high air-change ventilation system, there was a significant difference of floor contamination between three types of shoes, but no difference of air contamination. Under low air-change system, there was a significant difference of both floor and air contamination between three types of shoes. Conclusion : The results show that protective footwear would be unnecessary in the operating room with high air-change ventilation system, but it is important to choose suitable shoes carefully under low air-change system. Therefore, the use of outdoor shoes can be considered under high air-change system, but it would seem sensible to apply their first use in less bloody operations at the day surgery center or out-patient department to prevent transfer of body fluid into the outside environment.

FCM, ILM工法에 의한 세그멘탈 PC박스거더 橋梁의 施工間 確率的 安全度評價

조효남,최영민,소병춘 漢陽大學校 工學技術硏究所 1997 工學技術論文集 Vol.6 No.1

In this paper, for the reliability-based safety assessment of segmental PC box girder bridges during construction, a set of strength limit state models are suggested for the box girder and the temporary piers associated with the segmental erection methods such as Incremental Launching Method(ILM). The reliability of the structures using the proposed practical limit state model is evaluated by using the second moment(AFOSM) and simulation (MCS) methods. Also, the proposed models for the two typical election methods are applied to the safety assessment during construction stage for the two real bridges, Gang-Dong Grand bridge erected by the FCM, and New Haengju Grand bridge erected by ILM, which was collapsed during construction 5 years ago in Seoul. In order to assess the relative reliability and risk level associated with the two erection methods, the results of safety assessment are thoroughly compared with each other. Based on the observations, it may be stated that the proposed models may be implemented as rational and practical method for the safety assessment of segmental PC box girder bridges during construction stage.

玄蔘의 Saponin 成分 檢索 : on the Saponin of the Radix

남인숙,배병숙,최보향,최인수,최태수,김동언,김언주,정미영,조규옥 曉星女子大學校 藥學大學 學生會 1988 曉星藥誌 Vol.4 No.-

Crude saponin(100g) were obtained by extracting the radix(5kg) of Scrophalariae koraiensis Nakai. Crude saponin were positive in the Liebermann-Burchard test. We observed 5 sports by TLC using BuOH saturated with H_2O : ethyl acetate : water(4:1:5, upper phase) as solvent and 1% Ce(SO_4)_2 in 10% H_2SO_4 as a color former. We divided into 3 fractions by common column chromatography using BuOH saturated with H_2O : ethylacetate : water(4:1:5, upper phase) as solvent.

Dewey와 Bruner의 敎育過程에 대한 比較 考察

曺秉奎,金敏男 경북대학교 교육대학원 1973 논문집 Vol.4 No.-

It is said that we commit a fault when understood and utilized the theories or conceptions of education in seperation. The purpose of this paper is the establishment of the controversy issue and the search of common features between Dewey and Bruner. ⑴ Quality of experience and Structure: This topic starts under the assumption that Bruner's structure is included within the concept of quality in Dewey. The structure has been apprehended at a time in course of our being interacted with the object. We have had "idea" while devotion of ourself to a puzzle problem. The structure is composed of this idea. Thus, it seems to be included both the subfective conditions (feel) and the objective conditions. ⑵ Interest and Discover: It is known that the educative process in Bruner is systematic in comparison with Dewey's theory. So is the educative process as developmert of interest in Dewey. Its theoritical foundations are brought forward; ⑴ Interest is dependent upon Grouth. ⑵ Interest is working for translation the practical side into the theoritical side. ⑶ By action of interest is acquired the experience in general. ⑷ Through interest we can have knowldeges or concepts omitting the direct experience. ⑸ Interest has the autonomy. ⑹ Interest has the action with the thought. But There is a remarkable contrast between the two in the purposes and background of philosophy. For Dewey, the educative process is individualistic, and is common in Bruner. The former has the noministic view, the subject and the object, idea and data, child and curriculum, interest and effort, while the latter emphasizes the higher mental ability-the dualistic view.

독일 어머니 리더십의 특성 연구

조병남 숙명여자대학교숙명리더십개발원 2007 숙명리더십연구 Vol.6 No.-

새로운 리더십 패러다임은 누구에게나 리더가 될 수 있는 기회를 제공하고 있다. 이는 리더십 교육과 훈련을 통해서 가능하다. 즉 리더는 태어나는 것이 아니라 만들어진다는 의미다. 새로운 리더십 패러다임은 섬세함, 배려, 부드러운 카리스마 등 새로운 리더십 능력을 필요로 하고 있다. 이는 성인이 되어서 배우기보다는 유아기 때부터 생활 속에서 익혀질 때 보다 효과적으로 나타나는 능력이다. 이런 의미에서 가정과 가정에서 어머니의 역할이 중요하게 되었다. 가정은 이런 성품을 익힐 수 있는 리더십의 기본기를 배우는 리더십의 훈련장이기 때문이다. 이런 리더십 교육의 모습을 보여주고 있는 것이 바로 독일의 어머니들이다. 독일의 어머니 리더십의 특성을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 독일의 어머니 리더십 교육의 목적은 건강한 공동체 생활 능력을 함양시키는 데 집중하고 있다. 둘째, 독일의 어머니 리더십 교육은 국가의 리더십 교육의 목표 달성을 가속화 시키는 윤활유와 같다. 셋째, 독일의 어머니 리더십의 특성은 21세기형 리더가 되는데 필수적인 리더십의 기본자질을 닦아주는 역할을 훌륭히 수행하고 있다고 볼 수 있다. The new paradigm shift in leadership provides opportunities for anyone to become a leader, and to develop leadership abilities through education and training. It means that a leader is not born, but made. The new paradigm shift requires new leadership abilities such as sensitivity, caring and gentle charisma to achieve the common good. Therefore it is necessary to begin the training of new leadership abilities as early as possible. Mother and family contribute to children's development of essential leadership characteristics. German mothers serve as a good example of leadership. The characteristics of mother leadership in Germany are summarized as follows. First, mother leadership education concentrates on developing socially acceptable abilities. Second, mother leadership plays the most important role in accomplishing the goals of leadership education of the country. Third, the characteristics of mother leadership in Germany lay the foundation for enhancing fundamental leadership competences to build a successful democratic society.

다중 루프내에서 순차적 프로그램의 병렬처리를 위한 벡터화에 관한 연구

趙泰男,李炳官 관동대학교 1990 關大論文集 Vol.18 No.1

The sequential program already written in Fortran 77 can't exploit parallelism, so the existing program will need to be written again in source program(presumably Fortran 8x) that permits the explicit specification of vector operations in order to benefit the power of vector hardware. Therefore this paper presents dependence concepts and how to analyze the dependence. Central to the theory underlying this paper is the concepts of Dependence within multiple loops and particularly it's algorithm design to implement a Dependence Analyzer.

만성 화농성 중이염의 세균학적 고찰

조남순,이영훈,강기훈,최제환,송태현,이병돈,장혁순,강주원,김연준 순천향의학연구소;Soonchunhyang Medical Research Institute 2000 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.6 No.1

Background and Objectives : Chronic suppurative otitis media is one of the frequent diseases in otolaryngologic field. It is important to choose of antibiotics in the management of infectious disease. But the organisms in infections have been changed and resistance to antibiotics has been grown as the development of antibiotics has been achieved. And so it has been necessary to recognize the changes of organisms and resistance in antibiotics. Our study was performed to identify the pathogens isolated from discharges in chronic otitis media and evaluate the antibiotic agents, to recognize the change of to resistance to·antibiotic agents and to use the appropriate anitiotics. Materials and Methods : Retrospectively, authors reviewed the backeriologic study of 114 cases of chronic suppurative otitis media who visited the Department of Otolaryngology, Soonchunhyang University in Seoul from Nov. 1996 to Oct. 1999 and analyzed 101 strains and its sensitivity test to various antibiotics. Result : In 93 cases in which pathogenic organism was isolated, single infection was 85 cases(91.4%) and mixed infection was 8 cases(8.6%). The most frequent pathogenic organism was Staphylococcus aureus(59.4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa(13.9%), Providencia(4.8%), Alcaligenes(3.0%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae(2.9%) were the next. Methicilline-Resistance Staphylococcus aureus was 34 cases(57.6%) of Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to Vancomycin(96.7%), Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (57.6%), Cefuroxime(42.4%) and Ciprofloxacin(40.7%) but resistant to Penicillin(94.9%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was sentitive Amikacin(100%), Ciprofloxacin(100%) and Gentamicin(67%). Conclusion : As MRSA recently was wide spread in community accquired infection as well as nosocomial infection, we must consider strict control of MRSA.

Escherichia coli 패혈증 환자에 합병된 대칭적 하지 말단 괴사증 1예

남해성,유진홍,권순석,민준기,조현선,박민경,심병주,남유정,이지인,김진수,길욱현,조근종,신완식 대한감염학회 2005 감염과 화학요법 Vol.37 No.6

We have encountered a rare case of symmetrical peripheral gangrene complicating Escherichia coli sepsis in a 47-years-old male. He was successfully treated with antibiotics, anticoagulants, and vasodilator. To our knowledge, this is the first report on symmetrical peripheral gangrene complicating E. coli sepsis in Korea.

부산지역에서 산재보상을 신청한 과로사에 관한 연구

남연,오차재,박정래,이동준,조병만,이수일 大韓産業醫學會 2002 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.14 No.1

목 적 : 부산지역의 근로복지공단에서 1991년부터 1999년까지 과로사 관련 보상심사가 이뤄진 총 219례를 대상으로 과로사의 발생양상과 그 인정여부에 영향을 밀치는 요인을 밝힘으로써 향후 과로사 관련 연구의 기초적 자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 부산지역의 3개 근로복지공단 지사에 소장된 과로사 심사기록을 대상으로 재해자의 인구통계학적 변수와 소속사업장과 근무환경에 대한 변수, 사망원인질환과 기존질병력, 업무상 과중부하의 성격과 분류, 직무수행성과 직무기인성 여부에 대해 조사하였다. 그리고 행정기관의 과로사 인정에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 평가하였다. 결 과 : 1. 전체 219례 중 135례(61.6 %)가 과로사로 인정을 받았으며, 96년 이후 매년 50례 이상의 보상신청이 이뤄져 왔다. 전체의 30.6 %가 50인 미만의 영세사업장 소속이었고, 직업운전사와 경비 직종이 34.7 %로 높았다. 연령층은 50대 이상이 48.8 % 였고, 하루 12시간 이상의 근무자가 29.6 % 였다. 근무형태에서는 교대근무와 심야근무 등의 불규칙 근무형태가 37.5 %였으며, 새로운업무에 배치된 지 6개월 이내에 발생한 경우가 21.5 %였다. 2. 사망원인으로는 뇌출혈 등의 뇌혈관계 질환이 전체의 49.8 %로 심장질환보다 많았고, 현행법령상의 인정범위에 속하는 경우가 85.4 %였다. 또한 선행질병력이 48.9 %에서 나타났는데, 대다수가 고혈압 등의 순환기 질환으로 확인되어 이들 병력자들의 보건관리에 중점을 둘 필요를 보였다. 3. 운전과 감시·정밀작업, 위험작업, 잦은 장기 출장 등의 위험요인에 노출된 경우가 전체의 53.9 %였고, 재해에 선행된 돌발사건이 전체의 17.8 %에서 관찰되었다. 업무상 과중부하에서 업무량증가와 업무시간연장이 전체의 64.7 % 였고, 6개월 이상의 장기적인 육체적, 정신적 과중부하가 있었던 경우가 42.5 %였다. 이 결과로 볼때 현행 법령상의 장기적인 과로에 대한 인정범위가 보다 확대되어야 할 필요를 보여준다. 4. 과중부하가 발생에 기여한 것으로 평가된 예가 전체의 76.3 %로 실제 인정율보다 높았다. 이중 충분요인으로 작용한 경우가 43.6 %, 부분요인인 경우가 10.4 %, 변경·촉진요인인 경우가 22.3 %였다. 5. 과로사 인정여부와 각 변수간의 로지스틱 회귀분석에서는 해당 업무의 근무경력이 6개월미만인 경우가 교차비 6.76(p=0.016), 사망질환이 법규상의 뇌심혈관계질환에 포함되는 경우가 교차비 3.00(p=0.034)을로 유의하게 높았다. 업무상 과중부하의 증가가 있는 경우는 교차비가 2.02로 높았으나 통계적 유의성은 다소 낮았다(p=0.081). 반면 50대 이상의 고령층과 기존 병력자의 경우는 상대적으로 불인정되는 경향을 보여 현행 행정기관의 인정기준이 과로에 민감한 대상층을 포괄하지 못하고 있음을 보여주었다. 결 론 : 부산지역에서의 과로사는 주로 50인 미만의 영세사업장 중 운전업, 경비업 등에 종사하는 40대 이상의 중·고령층 근로자에서 많았다. 재해자중 다수에서 뇌·심혈관계질환 병력이 확인되었고, 행정기관의 과로사 인정에는 법규상 인정범위의 뇌·심혈관계질환으로 사망한 경우와 재해자의 근무경력이 6개월 미만인 경우에서 인정되는 경우가 의미있게 높았다. 반면 기존 질병력이 있거나 50대 이상의 고령층의 경우 과로사로 인정되지 못하는 경우가 보다 많게 나타났다. 그러나 본 연구에서는 장기적인 과로와 과중부하를 유발하는 고위험직업에서의 과로사 빈도가 높아 현행 법규상의 과로인정기간의 범위를 넓혀야 할 것이고 직업에 대한 고려를 포함하는 인정기준의 검토와 개선이 요구된다. 그리고 과로사를 예방하기 위하여 업무시간 및 업무량의 개선과 관리가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. Onjectives : Karoshi is a word meaning death from work-overload. Work-related diseases due to continuous overwork are primarily cerebro- and cardio-vascular in nature. In korea, despite an increase in the incidence of Karoshi, it is not easy to recognise by workmen's compensation in Korea. This study intended to establish basic information concerning the incidence of Karoshi. Methods : 219 cases were collected based on workers' compensation records of three Busan Regional Centers of Labor Welfare Corporation from 1991 to 1999. The size of workplace, occupation, daily working time, type of working schedule, job tenures, characters of work-overload and duration of work-overload were investigated according of subgroups of general characterictics. Both univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were userd to estimate the relationship between risk factors and a recognition of Karoshi. Results :1. 61.6 % of total cases were recognized as Karoshi. 30.6 % occurred in a small workplace of less than 50 workers, 34,7 % were drivers or guardss, and 48,8 % were more than 50 years old. Additionally, 29.6 % worked more than 12 hours, 37.5 % were irregular hours and shift workers and 21.5 % of the total had been on the job less than 6 months. 2. Of the causes of death, 49,8 % was cerebro-vascular diseases and it was more than cardio-vascular ones. And 80.4 % of total cases was belonged to the recognition-category of the Labour Ministry's Law. The previous desease history was found on 49.8 % of all cases. Of them, hypertension was most common as 21.9 %. 3. 53.9 % of patients were exposed to job hazards such as driving, monitoring, guarding, risky jobs and frequent long-term official trips. 64.7 % recorded a increased work-overload of job contents and working hours. Of the several types of work-overload, 42.5 % displayed long-term physical and psychotic work-overload and 22.2 % exhibited job characteristic work-overload. 4. In this study, work-overload was associated with the incidence of Karoshi in 76.3 % of cases. This rate was higher than the recognition of Workmen's compensation recorded by the Korea Labor Welfate Corporation. Of these, 43.6 % belonged to sufficient factors, 10.4 % partial factors, and 22.3 % were due to aggravating factors. 5. Logistic regression demonstrated that death due to cerebro- and cardio-vascular disease, short-tenure within 6 month was significantly associated with a recognition of Karoshi (p=0.034, OR=3.00, CI=1.09~8.30/p=0.016, OR=6.76, CI=1.43~32.07 respectively) and that an increase of work-overload was also associated, but its statistical significance was slightly lower(p=0.081, OR=2.02, CI=0.91~4.46). However, no association was found between this recognition and overtime work, hazardous job, irregular work schedule, low-income, injury-onset place, or small size of workplace. The elderly group(>50years old) and those with a previous disease history were negatively associated with recognition although the statistical associaltion was low. Conclusions : Karoshi in Busan occurred frequently in a small workplace of less than 50 workers, especially drivers or guards. Additionally, these cases worked more than 12 hours, were irregular hours and shift workers. The death due to cerebro- and cardio-vascular disease, short-tenure within 6 month was significantly associated with a recognition of Karoshi. However Karoshi in this study occurred frequently in overtime work and high risk groups of work-overload. Therefore, for prevention of Karoshi, work-overload and overtime work need improved and controled.