Soft Pseudo 레이블의 유사도 기반 사람 탐색 연구

최제환,Tang Qing,조강현 제어로봇시스템학회 2022 제어로봇시스템학회 국내학술대회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.6

드론비행영상을 활용한 도로 혼잡도 분석

최제환,조강현 제어로봇시스템학회 2021 제어로봇시스템학회 국내학술대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.6

형법과 민법의 관계에 대한 소고(小考) - 개념, 규범 면에서의 비교를 중심으로 -

최제환 강원대학교 비교법학연구소 2022 江原法學 Vol.68 No.-

This article examines the relationship between criminal law and civil law. It is impossible to draw consistent conclusions on the relationship between two distinct legal domains. In other words, it is not possible to insist only on the unity of legal order, or to maintain only the identity of criminal law. Nevertheless, the minimum standard for interpreting and evaluating cases that reveal the relationship between criminal law and civil law is necessary. The cases in which the relationship between criminal law and civil law is problematic are largely classified into two types. As a first type, the relationship between the concept used in the criminal law and the concept used in the civil law is examined. As a second type, the relationship between the ‘norm’ of the criminal law and the ‘norm' of the civil law is examined. It is confirmed that cases in which the relationship of norms is problematic are subdivided into cases that reveal differences in effect, which are the premise of judgment, and cases that reveal differences in judgment in terms of illegality. Thus, the relationship between criminal law and civil law is largely a problem in three types of compositions. On the premise of this typology, I analyze the actual cases of the Supreme Court, especially focusing on the difference in judgment in terms of norms, and examine the tendency of judgment. In addition, the ways to establish the relationship between criminal law and civil law are discussed from the perspective of unity of legal order and identity of criminal law. There is no absolutely prioritized value, and there will inevitably be differences in judgment while seeking specific validity for each individual case. However, general standard can be established. Differences in judgment on concepts should be accepted. In terms of norms, it is reasonable that criminal case follow the effect recognized in civil law. On the other hand, it is reasonable that criminal case shows a difference in judgment on illegality. This is in line with the attitude that the Supreme Court has recently shown in the case of embezzlement and breach of trust. Questions may arise on whether the typology set by the author is appropriate and on whether the analysis of the precedents is appropriate. Criticism of excessive simplification can also be raised. Despite all these limitations, this article is meaningful in presenting a framework for analysis, which could help more systematically understand the relationship between the two legal domains. 이 글은 형법과 민법의 관계를 검토한다. 상이한 두 법 영역의 관계에 대해 일관된 결론을 내리는 것은 불가능하다. 법질서의 통일성만을 내세울 수도, 형법의 독자성만을 관철할 수도 없다. 그럼에도 형법과 민법의 관계가 드러나는 사안을 해석하고 평가하는 최소한의 준거가 필요하다. 형법과 민법의 관계가 문제되는 사안은 크게 두 유형으로 분류할 수 있다. 제1유형으로 형법에서 사용하는 개념과 민법에서 사용하는 개념의 관계가 문제되는 사안을 검토한다. 제2유형으로 형법의 ‘규범’과 민법의 ‘규범’ 간의 관계가 문제되는 사안을 검토한다. 그 과정에서 규범의 관계가 문제가 되는 사안이 세부적으로는 판단의 전제가 되는 효력 면에서의 차이가 드러나는 사안과 위법성 면에서의 판단 차이가 드러나는 사안으로 세분됨을 확인한다. 결국 형법과 민법의 관계는 크게 세 가지 유형의 구도에서 문제가 되는데, 이러한 유형론을 전제로 하여 필자는 특히 규범 면에서의 판단 차이를 중심으로 실제 판례 사안을 분석하고 그 흐름에 대해 고찰해본다. 그리고 법질서의 통일성과 형법의 독자성이라는 두 가지 가치를 중심으로 형법과 민법 간의 관계 설정 방안을 고민해본다. 절대적으로 우선시되는 가치는 없으며, 개별 사안별로 구체적 타당성을 모색하는 과정에서 판단의 차이가 생길 수밖에 없다. 그러나 일응의 기준은 설정할 수 있다. 개념에서의 판단 차이는 긍정되어야 한다. 규범 면에서, 형사 판결은 민사 법리에서 인정되는 효력을 따르는 것이 타당하지만 위법성 판단은 민사 판결과 차이를 보이는 것이 타당하다. 이는 횡령죄와 배임죄에 있어서 최근 대법원이 취하는 태도이기도 하다. 필자가 설정한 유형론이 적절한지, 그리고 검토한 판례들에 대한 분석이 적합한지에 대해서 이론이 있을 수 있다. 유형론이 지나친 단순화라는 비판도 가해질 수 있다. 이러한 모든 한계에도 불구하고 두 법 영역의 관계를 보다 체계적으로 이해할 수 있는 최소한의 분석의 틀을 제시하는데 이 글의 의미가 있다고 생각한다.

결과적 가중범의 미수

최제환 한양대학교 법학연구소 2022 법학논총 Vol.39 No.3

The consequently aggravated crime is recognized as an effective means to prevent crime, but punishment becomes too harsh just because of a serious result. To solve this problem, theories and precedents introduced requirements such as the principle of causality, predictability, and directivity. However, these requirements alone are not sufficient. The significant disadvantages of the consequently aggravated crime must be controlled, by seeking the possibility of an criminal attempt of consequently aggravated crime. There have been many theoretical discussions on whether or not the criminal attempt of consequently aggravated crime could be accepted. But they were not sufficient to cover theories, precedents, and provisions. Therefore, this paper comprehensively reviewed theories, precedents, and provisions, and analyzed whether or not the criminal attempt of consequently aggravated criminal could be accepted, by categorizing the provisions regarding consequently aggravated crime in The Korean Criminal Code. In the case of a true consequently aggravated crime, the criminal attempt could only be recognized when the basic crime includes the criminal attempt or could be interpreted as such, and there exists a provision for the punishment of the criminal attempt of consequently aggravated crime. If it cannot be considered that an criminal attempt is included in the basic crime of the consequently aggravated crime, the possibility of establishing the consequently aggravated criminal is denied, and only the concurrence of offences between the basic crime and the serious result could be accepted. The Supreme Court of Korea is in the same position. Therefore, it is wrong to argue that consummation of the consequently aggravated crime is recognized as long as a serious result occurs, even if a basic crime is not completed. In the criminal law, the criminal attempt of a consequently aggravated crime is recognized in the case of violation of the Article 337 and 338 of The Korean Criminal Code, and the difference in the resulting illegality can be reflected by recognizing the criminal attempt of the consequently aggravated crime, in favor of the defendant. On the other hand, in the case where the structure of the article is same as the Article 301 and 301-2 of The Korean Criminal Code, it seems difficult to recognize the criminal attempt, but the circumstances that basic crime has only been attempted should be actively reflected in the sentence. In the long run, the law should be revised to make it possible to recognize the criminal attempt. In the case of untrue consequently aggravated crime, the possibility of criminal attempt should be left open in theory. However, if criminal attempt in the violation of the Article 177 (2) of The Korean Criminal Code is recognized, there appears a contradiction in the evaluation of crime, because the punishment is lower than that of concurrence of offences between a basic crime and a serious result. So, concurrence of offences between crimes should be recognized.

백색 기니픽 와우에서 Protein Kinase C 아형의 발현

이병돈,최제환,김희중,유명상,김재욱,이재형,김동욱,장혁순 대한이비인후과학회 2003 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.46 No.9

Background and Objectives:Protein kinase plays an important role in transmembrane signalling, which is modulated by cellular transduction by second messengers such as inositol- 1,4,5- triphosphate (IP3), Diacylglycerol (DG), cAMP, to expres biological activity by stimulation of hormones, neurotransmitters, antigens, growth factors. Protein kinase Cs participate in signal transduction of cell, secretion of neurotransmitter, regulation of ion conduction, exocytosis, gene expresion and cellular proliferation. Also, it raises slow motility by Na+- H+ exchange (NHE) and Ca2+ channel in the outer hair cells. It may also be involved in mechanical transduction, cellular proliferation and reproduction in supporting cells, and in producing endolymphs using the KCNE1 and Na+/K+- ATPase in the lateral wall of cochlea. Materials and method:We investigated the imuno-reactivities of the PKC (α,β,γ,δ) via paraffin section and surface preparation of the cochlea of albino guinea pigs. Results:PKCαimmunoreactivities were shown in the outer and inner hair cell cytoplasm andδwas revealed in the type Ⅱ fibrocytes and suprastrial cells in the basal turn of the spiral ligament. Butβ,γwere not shown. Conclusion:We suggest that PKCαmay induce the slow motility and depolarization to mediate the ion conductance in the hair cells. Also, PKCδmay participate in the production of endolymph. We thus conclude that PKCαandδplay an important role in the cochlear signal transduction. (Korean J Otolaryngol 2003 ;46 :733-6)

부비동염에 속발한 구후신경염 환자에서 시신경 감압술 1예

백병준,김희중,최제환,오천환 대한이비인후과학회 2000 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.43 No.12

사람 탐색을 위한 Global Pooling 방법 분석

Tang Qing,최제환,조강현 제어로봇시스템학회 2022 제어로봇시스템학회 국내학술대회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.6

만성 화농성 중이염의 세균학적 고찰

조남순,이영훈,강기훈,최제환,송태현,이병돈,장혁순,강주원,김연준 순천향의학연구소;Soonchunhyang Medical Research Institute 2000 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.6 No.1

Background and Objectives : Chronic suppurative otitis media is one of the frequent diseases in otolaryngologic field. It is important to choose of antibiotics in the management of infectious disease. But the organisms in infections have been changed and resistance to antibiotics has been grown as the development of antibiotics has been achieved. And so it has been necessary to recognize the changes of organisms and resistance in antibiotics. Our study was performed to identify the pathogens isolated from discharges in chronic otitis media and evaluate the antibiotic agents, to recognize the change of to resistance to·antibiotic agents and to use the appropriate anitiotics. Materials and Methods : Retrospectively, authors reviewed the backeriologic study of 114 cases of chronic suppurative otitis media who visited the Department of Otolaryngology, Soonchunhyang University in Seoul from Nov. 1996 to Oct. 1999 and analyzed 101 strains and its sensitivity test to various antibiotics. Result : In 93 cases in which pathogenic organism was isolated, single infection was 85 cases(91.4%) and mixed infection was 8 cases(8.6%). The most frequent pathogenic organism was Staphylococcus aureus(59.4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa(13.9%), Providencia(4.8%), Alcaligenes(3.0%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae(2.9%) were the next. Methicilline-Resistance Staphylococcus aureus was 34 cases(57.6%) of Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to Vancomycin(96.7%), Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (57.6%), Cefuroxime(42.4%) and Ciprofloxacin(40.7%) but resistant to Penicillin(94.9%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was sentitive Amikacin(100%), Ciprofloxacin(100%) and Gentamicin(67%). Conclusion : As MRSA recently was wide spread in community accquired infection as well as nosocomial infection, we must consider strict control of MRSA.