A Multi-Center Educational Research Regarding Breastfeeding for Pediatrics Residents in Korea

Yong Sung Choi,정성훈,김은선,Eun Sun Kim,Eunhee Lee,Euiseok Jung,So-Yeon Lee,이우령,Hye Sun Yoon,Yong Joo Kim,Ji Kyoung Park,Son Moon Shin,Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim 대한신생아학회 2022 Neonatal medicine Vol.29 No.1

Purpose: Pediatricians have a significant responsibility to educate mothers about the importance of breastfeeding. However, there have been minimal efforts in the courses of resident training in Korea. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the change in knowledge and attitude before and after a 4-week breastfeeding educational intervention among multicenter residents. Methods: Prospective interventional educational research was designed for residents at eight training hospitals in Korea. Institutional reviews were obtained in each hospital. The education curriculum consisted of 14 courses regarding breastfeeding theory and practice. These materials were used to teach pediatric residents for 4 weeks. Knowledge-based tests were administered before the course, and re-tests were administered after the course using different test items of similar levels. Test scores and survey responses were compared before and after the intervention. Results: A total of 73 residents (1st year 20, 2nd year 23, 3rd year 16, and 4th year residents 14) from eight training hospitals completed the intervention. Their average age was 30.3±2.9 years, 17 (23.3%) were male, 22 (30.1%) were married, and eight had more than one child of their own. The mean pre-test score was 61.8±13.4 and the mean post-test score was 78.3±7.5 (P<0.001). The inter-grade difference in the score was significant in the pre-test (P=0.005), but not significant in the post-test (P=0.155). There were more responses of obtaining confidence after the intervention (P<0.001). Conclusion: In our study, pediatric residents showed improvement in their knowledge and confidence level after 4 weeks of the breastfeeding curriculum. This will provide a basis for future policymaking in the training of pediatric residents regarding breastfeedReceived: 6 January 2022 Revised: 15 February 2022 Accepted: 15 February 2022 Correspondence to: Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, MD Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea Tel: +82-2-3010-3390 Fax: +82-2-3010-6978 E-mail: arkim@amc.seoul.kr A Multi-Center Educational Research Regarding Breastfeeding for Pediatrics Residents in Korea Yong-Sung Choi, MD,PhD1, Sung-Hoon Chung, MD, PhD2, Eun Sun Kim, MD, PhD3, Eun Hee Lee, MD4, Euiseok Jung, MD5, So Yeon Lee, MD, PhD5, Wooryoung Lee, MD6, Hye Sun Yoon, MD, PhD7, Yong Joo Kim, MD, PhD8, Ji Kyoung Park, MD, PhD9, Son Moon Shin, MD, PhD9, and Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, MD, PhD5 1Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea 2Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea 3Department of Pediatrics, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea 4Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea 5Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 6Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea 7Department of Pediatrics, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea 8Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea 9Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea Neonatal Med 2022 February;29(1):28-35 https://doi.org/10.5385/nm.2022.29.1.28 pISSN 2287-9412 . eISSN 2287-9803 Copyright(c) 2022 By Korean Society of Neonatology This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Original Article 29 Neonatal Med 2022 February;29(1):28-35 https://doi.org/10.5385/nm.2022.29.1.28 ing in Korea.

기관지폐 이형성증의 임상 양상: 다기관 연구

성기혜 ( Ki Hye Sung ),김민희 ( Min Hee Kim ),김은령 ( Eun Ryoung Kim ),심재원 ( Jae Won Shim ),이정주 ( Jung Ju Lee ),임재우 ( Jae Woo Im ),진현승 ( Hyun Seung Jin ) 대한주산의학회 2009 Perinatology Vol.20 No.3

목적: 최근 극소 저출생 체중아의 생존율의 개선으로 기관지폐 이형성증(bronchopulmonary dysplasia, BPD)이 늘고 있다. 다기관 연구에 의해 전국적인 BPD의 역학, 임상 양상과 각 병원 간의 차이를 조사하여 향후 우리나라의 BPD 감소와 중증도를 줄이는 것을 목적으로 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법: 2005년 6월부터 2007년 5월까지 건국대학교병원, 영등포 성애병원, 강북삼성병원, 중앙대학교병원, 건양대학교병원, 강릉아산병원의 신생아 집중 치료실에 입원하였던 신생아 4,476명을 대상으로 하였다. BPD의 진단 기준은 비전형적인 BPD를 포함하여 병인적인 분류를 하고 있는 Ogawa 등의 분류법을 이용하여 신생아 호흡 곤란 증후군(respiratory distress syndrome, RDS)과 전형적 또는 미만성 혼탁의 방사선 소견, 산전 감염의 유무에 따라 6가지 type으로 분류하였다. 또한 전체 신생아의 출생체중 분포와 생존율, 각 출생체중 군별 BPD의 발생률, 병태 비율, 사망률 등을 조사하고, 이 후 재택 산소요법 시행 여부와 미숙아 망막증, 괴사성 장염 등의 합병증 여부를 조사하였다. 결과: 생후 28일째 산소 치료가 필요한 신생아는 89명이었고, 이 중 Ogawa 분류법에 의한 BPD 환아는 70명(1.6%)이었으며, 특히 1,500 g 미만의 환아 237명 중 60명(25.3%)이었다. 생후 28일 이상 생존율은 98.7%이고, 사망 예는 없었으며 평균 재원 기간은 97.8±51.2일(43~405일)이었다. BPD는 900~999 g, 1,000~1,249 g의 체중 군에서 발생률이 각각 15명(21.4%)으로 가장 높았으며, 교정 36주 이후에도 산소투여가 필요한 중증 BPD의 경우 900~999 g의 체중 군에서 7명(23.3%)로 가장 높았다. Ogawa 분류법으로 BPD의 각 병태 비율로는 RDS 이후에 나타나는 I, II형이 각각 전체의 17예(24.3%), 44예(62.9%)로 대다수를 차지하였다. 이외에도 III`형은 2예(2.9%), IV형은 2예(2.9%), V형은 5예(7.1%)이었고, III형, VI형은 없었다. 재택 산소요법은 8예에서 시행되어 전체의 11.4%였으며, 이 중 BPD I형이 7예로 87.5%를 차지하였다. 미숙아 망막증은 35명(50.0%)에서 발생하였으며, 700 g 이하 신생아에서 9예(26.5%)로 가장 많았다. 또한 괴사성 장염은 3명(4.3%)이었다. 결론: 본 연구는 국내에서 처음으로 진행된 BPD의 전국적인 다기관 역학 조사로, 대상 신생아의 Ogawa 분류에 의한 BPD 유병률은 1.6% 이었고 1,500 g 미만 신생아의 25.3%이었으며, 전체 신생아의 BPD 70명 중 Ogawa 분류의 I, II형이 각각 24.3%, 62.9%로 대다수를 차지하였다. Purpose: As the neonatal intensive care advanced, the incidence of neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has increased. We conducted a multi-center investigation of the prevalence of BPD in six hospitals to investigate the epidemiology of BPD in Korea. Methods: Retrospective reviews ware performed for survival rate, prevalence of BPD of total 4,476 newborn infants who were admitted to neonatal intensive care unit in Konkuk university hospital, Sung-Ae General hospital, Kangbuk Samsung hospital, Chung-Ang university hospital, Konyang university hospital, and Gangneung Asan hospital between June, 2005 and May, 2007. By Ogawa, BPD was defined as oxygen dependency at 28 days after birth, with respiratory distress symptoms and the change of chest x-ray finding, and classified as 6 subtypes. Classic BPD was defined as oxygen dependency at 36 weeks of postmenstrual age. Results: Survival rate at 28 day after birth was 98.7%. BPD infants by Ogawa classification were 70 (1.6% of overall newborn infants), classic BPD infants were 30 (0.7%). Especially, among 237 preterm infants with birth weight less than 1,500 gram who survived to 28 days of life, 60 (25.3%) had BPD by Ogawa classification and 23 (9.7%) had classic BPD. In Ogawa classification, infants with RDS as type I and II, were 17 infants (24.3%) and 44 infants (62.9%). Home oxygen therapy was performed 8 infants (11.4%). Prevalence of retinopathy of prematurity was 35 infants (50.0%), necrotizing enterocolitis was 3 infants (4.3%), and intraventricular hemorrhage was 6 infants (8.6%). Conclusion: Prevalence of BPD infants was 1.6% of overall newborn, 25.3% of preterm infants with birth weight less than 1,500 gram. Among 70 BPD infants, BPD by Ogawa classification with history of RDS as type I and II were 24.3%, 62.9% as the majority of BPD. This study would be the first report of epidemiology of Korean BPD infants by multi-center study.

억제대 적용지침 개발을 통한 불필요한 억제대 적용율 감소활동

곽경선,김성은,배은경,이은숙,이은혜,최윤정,이윤경 한국의료QA학회 2009 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.15 No.2

문제: 억제대 적용에 대한구체적 적용지침 없이 의례적으로 억제대를사용함으로 인해 환자들의 신체적 또는 정신적 안전을 위협할 수 있다. 목적: 완전 진정상태 이거나 근력이 약하여 발관능력이 없는 환자에 대한 예방적 적용, 바빠서 환자를볼수 없 는경우, 간호사본인의 판단이 없이 타인의 요구에 따르는등의 불필요한 억제대 적용이 증가하는 원인을 파악하여 중환자실의 특수성에 맞는 억제대 적용및 제거 지침을 마련하고자 한다. 의료기관: 인천광역시에 소재한 의과대학 소속병원의 집중치료실 개선효과: 억제대 적용에 대한중환자실 간호사에게 미치는 영향을 보면 태도 정도 p=0.09(p<0.1), 올바른 수행 능력은 p= 0.005 (p <0.0히로통계적으로유의한것으로 나타났다. 지식 정도 p=0.172(p<0.05) 통계적으로 유의 하지는 않지만 모든항목이 개선 활동전 에 비해 2,3차 개선 활동후에 향상한 것으로 나타났다. 개선활동전에 8.1%였던 간호 기록, 0.7%였던 간호중재, 0%였던 의사처방율이 3차 개선 활동 후 3가지 모두 100% 달성되었다. 이는 억제대 적용율 갑소 및 부적절한 억제대 적용율은 유의하게 감소하였다. 교훈: 중환자실 간호사의 억제대 적용에 대한태도, 지식, 올바른 간호 수행 능력은 지속적으로 재평가 되어지고, 교육내용은좀더 나은 간호제공을 위하여 개발 되어져야 할 것이다. 억제대 적용 기준과 제거 기준을 Check List 하여 객관성의 유지를 위한 개선 활동은계속적으로 Feedback 되어야 할 것이다.

동양 복식의 연구 동향 분석

은영자,최윤혜,형승희 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 1999 科學論集 Vol.25 No.-

In this study, we investigate the transition of studies in the history of the Eastern costume every 5 years from 1959 to 1998 by sorting the researches into 8 classes in accordance with their topics, in order to grasp earlier and current trends in the discipline and seek a desirable direction to future research. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. Research papers in costume are published steadily since 1970, but it appears that the quantity of papers has increased since 1990. Master's theses make the majority of the total researches, occupying 44.8%. 20.4% of the papers appear in college periodicals or else, and 19.6% in Journal of the Korean Society of Costume. The rests are 4.5% in Journal of the Korean society of Clothing and Textiles, 3.7 % in Journal of Korean economic association, and 2.1% in Research Journal of the Culture in order. 2. Based on the classification of the topics of the papers, we have loamed that studies in materials such as patterns, textile, and colors occupy 19.5% making themselves the majority. Other topics are presented in similar frequency. 3. The most frequent topic in Men's costume is the study on Simuy, a Korean traditional jacket and Topho, a Korean traditional coat. The researches in Men's costume, focusing on historical changes, morphology, and colors, are generally performed in bibliographic historical methodology or through analyses of archaeological materials such as relics and paintings. Some papers present ways of draft from the viewpoint of clothing construction. And others include studies on variations of life emotion reflected in local properties and costume and the comparative study of the aspects of costume appeared in Confucian books and I-Ching (易經). 4. The majority of researches on Women's costume are concerned with the Korean traditional jacket Chogori, in which the focus is put on the form of Chogori and some other details. Then, the Korean traditional dress Chima-Chogori, ceremonial dresses, and the Buddhist costume are major research subjects in Women's costume in order. They analyze types and forms of the above mentioned clothes, and hence characterize contemporary aesthetic senses to corroborate the cultural inherence and beauty of the Korean traditional costume. 5. Researches on accessories, in general, concentrate on the diversity of the sorts of them, but lack enough varieties and independence in that they tend to only review the earlier work. Therefore, they need be more diverse and varied in subjects. Nonetheless, it has been found from the papers on accessories that the accessory is not so much a part of costume as an independent object of the discipline. 6. Of the subjects of Studies on materials such as patterns, textile, and colors, the pattern is the most prominent, and the researches on the pattern applied to design and the comparison with other nations' patterns has been increasing, from which we have learned that those researches will be important references in future research. In the case of textile, much work on that in Corye, a Dark Age in the field of costume study has been presented currently, which seems to signify a new breakthrough should be open. 7. Most papers on military and police uniforms have to do with history of changes based on bibliographic data, and investigations into dancing clothes, musicians' costume, and the shamanist costume are also mainly concerned with changes or systems of costume. On the other hand, studies on Kisaeng' Clothes discuss the Chosun Kisaeng's Costume and idiosyncrasies of their status. 8. About a half of papers on archaeological costume and paintings deal with exhumed clothes and textile and record paintings, from which we can tell that the researches in these topics take part in the positivistic study of the history of costume. 9. In the field of the comparative study of costume, researchers have most frequently compared the Korean costume with the Chinese costume, especially concentrating on clothes rather than on ornaments and accessories. On the other hand, it is expected that more interest should be taken in the Japanese costume, because it is not sufficiently investigated in comparison with the Chinese costume. Moreover, it is desirable to extend research interest to countries other than those in the Northeastern Asia since the tendency of the discipline has been to give more attention to the Northeastern Asia than other areas. Needless to say, the comparative study requires the researchers to have enough knowledge of historical backgrounds and local characteristics of other countries. 10. Researches on the costume in the enlightening period and the post-independence era are different than those on other periods' costume in that they are generally interested in the change of costume and the factors of the change.

저체중 또는 과체중 청소년에서 캠프 프로그램을 이용한 영양 교육효과에 관한 연구

성미경,승정자,류화춘,박재년,박동연,최미경,조경옥,최선혜,이윤신,김유경,이은주 대한지역사회영양학회 2003 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.8 No.4

This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of a nutrition education program developed for nutritionally imbalanced adolescents. A summer nutrition camp was held for 23 overweight and 16 underweight subjects. Its effectiveness with regard to was evaluated at the end of the camp and 6 months later. Nutrition knowledge, nutritional attitude, food behavior, nutrient intake, exercise habit and ideal body figures desired by the subjects. The results showed significantly higher nutrition knowledge scores at the end of the camp as compared to those obtained prior to the camp program, and these scores were maintained for at least six months. Nutrition attitude scores also improved after the education program, and these improved scores also lasted for 6 months. However, the food behavior scores measured 6 months after the education program were not significantly different from those obtained prior to the camp. Also, the exercise habit, the ideal body figures and the body figures desired by the subjects remained unchanged. When nutrient intakes of subjects were assessed before the program and 6 months later, the mean daily vitamin C intake was significantly increased after the education program. Also, the intake of iron from plant food sources increased in the overweight subjects, while less iron from animal source were consumed by the underweight subjects. Both groups tended to consume more vegetables and fruits 6 months after the education program which may have contribute to the higher vitamin C and plant-based iron intakes. These results indicate that a 4-day nutrition education camp program sustained changes in nutrition knowledge and nutrition attitude for 6 months. The increased intake of vegetables and fruits was also achieved through this education program. However, changes in dietary behavior in adolescents may require repeated education.

유아교사관련 학위논문의 경향 분석

고선미,박은혜 이화여자대학교 교육과학연구소 2000 교육과학연구 Vol.31 No.3

본 연구는 유아교사관련 논문을 연구문제별로 그 내용과 변인을 분석함으로서 현재까지 이루어진 유아교사에 관한 연구 동향의 기초 자료를 제공하고 앞으로 유아교사 관련 논문의 바람직한 연구방향을 함께 제시하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 1974년부터 1999년 2월까지 발표된 석·박사 학위논문 중 유아교사와 관련된 총 292개 논문의 연구문제 976개를 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 교사교육에 영향을 주는 요인과 교사의 행동이 연결된 연구가 가장 많았으나 교사교육과정에 대한 연구는 미흡하며 교사교육과정에 영향을 주는 요인과 교사교육과정 및 교사의 행동이 모두 연결된 연구는 거의 이루어지지 않았다. 둘째, 유아교사에 관한 학위논문에서 사용된 연구 변인은 개인적 변인이 기관 변인보다는 조금 더 많이 사용되었다. 개인적 변인은 인구통계학적인 외적 요인에 편중되어 있으며, 기고나 변인은 설립유형 및 기관유형 등에 편중되어 있었다. The purpose of this study was to analyze the trends in master´s thesis and doctoral dissertations in the area of early childhood teacher education.292 master´s thesis and doctoral dissertations published between 1972 and 1999 were analyzed according to Yarger and Smith(1990)´s category.Data were processed with a frequency and percentage were calculated.The results are as follows.First, most of the research were conducted to investigate the area of antecedent conditions, outcomes, or antecedent conditions,-outcomes relationships.But, much fewere research were done on the area of process.Special trends in the research questions in terms of period were not found.The second, personal research variables are more used than institutional research variables.Among the personal research variables, career, academic career, age, marriage status were the most frequently used.Among the institutional variables, kinds of establishments (public/private), the kinds of institution (kindergarten/ nursery/ day care center elementary school), the number of children, the number of class were most frequently used.

객체 지향 方法을 이용한 멀티미디어 文書 편집기의 設計 및 具現

전은철,정혜윤,박성한 한양대학교 공학기술연구소 1992 공학기술논문집 Vol.1 No.1

This paper proposed a design technique of multimedia document editing system by using object-oriented methodology and its implementation using object-oriented language. The multimedia document editing system can generate a mixed document which consists of text, image, graphic and video, verifying the results by formatting document and process the information of position per page. The hierachical structured design of the class library is proposed where document processing methodolgy and object-oriented one are employed. The system is implemented with Turbo C++ package which provides object-oriented compiling function on a PC.

생활 스트레스가 경미한 일반 성인에서의 신체적 및 정신적 증상 : 종합병원 건강증진센터 내원자들을 대상으로

주상희,하은혜,이병욱,전덕인,김영현,송동호 한국정신신체의학회 2002 정신신체의학 Vol.10 No.1

영도지역 남녀 중ㆍ고교 학생들의 성지식에 관한 연구

강혜숙,남은우,박성빈,최재임 고신대학교 영도발전연구소 2000 영도연구 Vol.2 No.-

The purpose of this study was to grasp the sex knowledge in middle and high school students in Youngdo-Gu, Busan, and to provide some basic data for the needs and the direction of sex education for the teenagers. The survey was conducted by using questionnaires in two middle schools and two high schools in Youngdo-Gu. The questionnaires were took back after record by the respondents. The survey was conducted at September 15∼17, 2000 and a total of 791 were completed. The respondents were 200 (25.3%) males and 199 (25.2%) females in middle schools and 196 (24.8%) males and 196 (24.8%) females in high schools. For the statistical analysis, χ2-test, t-test and one-way ANOVA were used by using SPSS/PC+ WIN 8.0 program. The conclusions based on the results obtained from this study are as follows: 1) An attitude of the sexual matters showed that boys, students and non-christians were more progressive than girls, parents and christians, respectively (p<0.01). 2) The sexual agonies of students were in order of having a date 36.2%, sexual drive 11.1%, sexual intercourse 8.8%, masturbation 8.6% and sexual abuse 6.7%. 3) The points for sexual knowledges appeared 40.6 points out of 100 points from boys and 42.3 points from girls in middle schools, and 57.3 points from boys and 66.1 points from girls in high schools. Therefore, the girls had much knowledges on sexuality than those of the boys. There were a significant differences of knowledge on sexuality between boys and girls (p<0.001). Over 60% of both boys and girls had not enough knowledges on sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). 4) Satisfaction of sex education was common or unsatisfied as over 90% of respondents. The reasons were a textbook-like general information (50%) and nothing practically to help (29%). 5) The students wanted sex education for the practice in future life such as male and female relationship with etiquette(23%); and pregnancy and delivery (17%) in middle school students, and contraceptive and abortion (34%) and preventive STDs (18%). There was not enough to understand whole adolescent in Youngdo area because the study subjects were only public middle and hight school students in Youngdo-Gu, Busan. Conclusively, it is necessary to educate to give right information of sexuality to the adolescents in Youngdo, and to have systematically sex education from the kindergartens to the high schools by long range sex educational program. Also, a proper program for integrated sex education is necessary to build healthful sexual consciousness and worth in cooperation with sex educators, universities and health centers.

중학생을 위한 원예프로그램 평가 사례연구

김희성,이은희,곽혜란 韓國植物ㆍ人間ㆍ環境學會 2001 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.4 No.4

Current horticultural therapy programs have two main problems. First, the contents of the programs are too monotonous. Second, although the programs are not applicable to all subjects because they are not standardized nor appropriately classified, they are applied without consideration of characteristics and/or goals. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to find an appropriate program for middle school students. The study was centered on widely- applied horticultural programs and was based on the experiences and reactions of the subjects. When the programs were evaluated on emotional expression, socialization, participation and completion levels, The results are as follows: for interest levels, the highest was for pure horticultural cultivation programs applied horticultural programs. Although horticulture and art combined programs showed low interest levels, horticultural effectiveness was measured at before first week, during seventh week and after fourteenthwhile the lowest for craft-combined week the program at time intervals. Emotional expression and socialization levels showed effectiveness from seventh to fourteenth week, but declined after the seventh week.