공감, 자아존중감, 성격특성과 친사회행동 간의 구조적 관계분석

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구의 목적은 공감, 자아존중감, 친사회적 성격특성이 어떠한 역학적인 경로로 어떻게 친사회적 행동에 영향을 미치는지를 살펴보는 것이다.친사회행동과 관련된 선행연구 결과들을 토대로 본 연구에서는 두 종류의 연구문제를 설정하였다. 첫째, 도덕 판단력, 인지 공감, 정서 공감, 친사회적 성격특성,자아존중감 변인들은 친사회행동에 어떠한 경로로 영향을 미치는가? 둘째, 도덕판단력, 인지공감, 정서공감, 친사회적 성격특성, 자아존중감 변인들이 친사회행동에 영향을 미치는 경로의 구조적 관계 및 영향력은 남학생집단과 여학생집단 간에 차이가 있는가?연구를 위하여 서울과 인천지역 남, 여 고등학교 1, 2학년을 대상으로 680명을조사하였다. 연구에 사용된 측정도구는 기존의 척도를 바탕으로 하였다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 척도에 대한 척도분석 및 요인분석을 통하여 신뢰도 및 타당도가 확보된 척도를 탐색하여 사용하였다. 선행연구에서는 변수들 간에 단순한 관계의 영향력만을 확인할 수 있었던 것을 본 연구에서는 통합적이며 구조적인 인과관계로살펴봄으로써 동시에 그 관계와 영향력을 규명할 수가 있었다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목 차
• 국문초록 ··················································································································· ⅰ
• Ⅰ. 서론 ································································································ 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 ································································································· 1
• 2. 연구의 목적 ····································································································· 8
• 3. 연구문제 ·········································································································· 9
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 ················································································ 11
• 1. 친사회행동 ··································································································· 11
• 1) 친사회행동 발달 이론 ·············································································· 13
• 2) 친사회행동의 유형 ···················································································· 16
• 3) 친사회행동에 영향을 주는 요인 ···························································· 17
• 2. 공감 ················································································································ 18
• 1) 인지적 요소 ······························································································· 20
• 2) 정서적 요소 ······························································································· 22
• 3) 공감과 친사회행동과의 관계 ·································································· 23
• 3. 자아존중감 ····································································································· 26
• 1) 자아존중감의 형성과 발달 ······································································· 27
• 2) 자아존중감에 따른 행동특성 ··································································· 30
• 3) 자아존중감과 친사회행동과의 관계 ······················································· 32
• 4. 도덕 판단력 ··································································································· 32
• 1) 도덕 판단력의 개념 ·················································································· 32
• 2) 도덕 판단력과 친사회행동과의 관계 ······················································ 35
• 5. 성격특성 ········································································································· 35
• 1) 성격특성 이론 ··························································································· 36
• 2) 기존연구들의 성격관련 연구변수 ··························································· 37
• (1) 타자지향성 ······························································································ 38
• (2) 마키아벨리즘 ·························································································· 39
• (3) 내외통제성 ······························································································ 40
• 3) 성격특성과 친사회행동과의 관계 ························································· 41
• 5. 친사회행동 관련 선행연구 결과정리 ·························································· 42
• 1) 성별에 따른 친사회행동 ·········································································· 45
• 2) 성별에 따른 공감 ····················································································· 46
• 3) 성별에 따른 자아존중감 ·········································································· 48
• 4) 성별에 따른 도덕 판단력 ········································································ 49
• 5) 성별에 따른 내외통제성 ·········································································· 49
• Ⅲ. 연구모형 ···················································································· 50
• 1. 연구모형 및 변수 ························································································ 50
• 2. 변수의 조작적 정의 ···················································································· 51
• Ⅳ. 연구방법 ······················································································ 54
• 1. 연구대상 ······································································································· 54
• 2. 측정도구 ······································································································· 54
• 1) 인지공감 ····································································································· 55
• 2) 정서공감 ···································································································· 55
• 3) 타자지향성 ································································································· 56
• 4) 마키아벨리즘 ····························································································· 56
• 5) 내외통제성 ································································································· 57
• 6) 도덕 판단력 ······························································································· 57
• 7) 자아존중감 ································································································· 57
• 8) 친사회행동(자기평가) ··············································································· 58
• 9) 친사회행동(타인평가) ··············································································· 58
• 3. 자료 분석 방법 ····························································································· 58
• Ⅴ. 분석결과 ······················································································ 60
• 1. 측정모형에 대한 타당성 평가 ··································································· 60
• 1) 9개 측정변인들의 평균 및 표준편차 ······················································ 61
• 2) 정규성 검정과 탐색적 요인분석 ····························································· 62
• 3) 확인적 요인분석 ······················································································· 65
• (1) 인지공감 ································································································· 66
• (2) 정서공감 ································································································· 67
• (3) 친사회적 성격특성 ················································································· 68
• (4) 자아존중감 ······························································································ 70
• (5) 친사회행동 ······························································································ 72
• (6) 전체 측정모형 ························································································ 73
• 2. 응답자의 특성에 따른 집단 비교 ····························································· 76
• 1) 응답자의 집단별 특성 ·············································································· 76
• 2) 성별, 학교유형에 따른 집단 비교 ·························································· 77
• 3) 학년, 종교유무에 따른 집단 비교 ·························································· 79
• 4) 친사회행동 타인지명 인원수에 따른 집단 비교 ··································· 79
• 3. 상관분석 ········································································································· 81
• 4. 다중회귀분석 ······························································································· 84
• 5. 구조방정식모형 분석 ·················································································· 86
• 1) 연구가설 검정을 위한 초기 구조방정식모형 ········································ 86
• 2) 수정된 구조방정식모형 ············································································ 89
• 3) 최종 구조방정식모형 ·············································································· 93
• 6. 다중집단분석 ······························································································· 97
• 1) 측정동일성 검증 ······················································································· 97
• 2) 구조동일성 검증 ····················································································· 100
• 3) 남․여학생집단 비교 ·············································································· 102
• 7. 연구가설에 대한 검정 ·············································································· 107
• 1) <연구문제 1> 검정결과 ·········································································· 107
• (1) [연구가설1] 검정결과 ·········································································· 107
• (2) [연구가설2] 검정결과 ·········································································· 108
• (3) [연구가설3] 검정결과 ·········································································· 109
• 2) <연구문제 2> 검정결과 ·········································································· 111
• (1) [연구가설4] 검정결과 ·········································································· 111
• Ⅵ. 논의 및 결론 ············································································· 112
• 1. 변인들 간의 구조적 관계 및 영향력에 대한 논의 ································· 112
• 1) 구조적 관계에 대한 논의 ·········································································· 112
• 2) 영향력에 대한 논의 ···················································································· 118
• 2. 남‧여학생 집단 간 변인들의 구조적 관계에 대한 논의 ·························· 119
• 3. 응답자 특성에 따른 집단 간 비교에 대한 논의 ······································· 120
• 4. 결론 ·············································································································· 122
• 5. 연구의 한계점 및 향후 연구를 위한 제언 ·············································· 125
• 참고문헌 ························································································· 127
• 부 록 ···························································································· 147
• ABSTRACT ······················································································ 173

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