A Multi-Center Educational Research Regarding Breastfeeding for Pediatrics Residents in Korea

Yong Sung Choi,정성훈,김은선,Eun Sun Kim,Eunhee Lee,Euiseok Jung,So-Yeon Lee,이우령,Hye Sun Yoon,Yong Joo Kim,Ji Kyoung Park,Son Moon Shin,Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim 대한신생아학회 2022 Neonatal medicine Vol.29 No.1

Purpose: Pediatricians have a significant responsibility to educate mothers about the importance of breastfeeding. However, there have been minimal efforts in the courses of resident training in Korea. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the change in knowledge and attitude before and after a 4-week breastfeeding educational intervention among multicenter residents. Methods: Prospective interventional educational research was designed for residents at eight training hospitals in Korea. Institutional reviews were obtained in each hospital. The education curriculum consisted of 14 courses regarding breastfeeding theory and practice. These materials were used to teach pediatric residents for 4 weeks. Knowledge-based tests were administered before the course, and re-tests were administered after the course using different test items of similar levels. Test scores and survey responses were compared before and after the intervention. Results: A total of 73 residents (1st year 20, 2nd year 23, 3rd year 16, and 4th year residents 14) from eight training hospitals completed the intervention. Their average age was 30.3±2.9 years, 17 (23.3%) were male, 22 (30.1%) were married, and eight had more than one child of their own. The mean pre-test score was 61.8±13.4 and the mean post-test score was 78.3±7.5 (P<0.001). The inter-grade difference in the score was significant in the pre-test (P=0.005), but not significant in the post-test (P=0.155). There were more responses of obtaining confidence after the intervention (P<0.001). Conclusion: In our study, pediatric residents showed improvement in their knowledge and confidence level after 4 weeks of the breastfeeding curriculum. This will provide a basis for future policymaking in the training of pediatric residents regarding breastfeedReceived: 6 January 2022 Revised: 15 February 2022 Accepted: 15 February 2022 Correspondence to: Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, MD Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea Tel: +82-2-3010-3390 Fax: +82-2-3010-6978 E-mail: arkim@amc.seoul.kr A Multi-Center Educational Research Regarding Breastfeeding for Pediatrics Residents in Korea Yong-Sung Choi, MD,PhD1, Sung-Hoon Chung, MD, PhD2, Eun Sun Kim, MD, PhD3, Eun Hee Lee, MD4, Euiseok Jung, MD5, So Yeon Lee, MD, PhD5, Wooryoung Lee, MD6, Hye Sun Yoon, MD, PhD7, Yong Joo Kim, MD, PhD8, Ji Kyoung Park, MD, PhD9, Son Moon Shin, MD, PhD9, and Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, MD, PhD5 1Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea 2Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea 3Department of Pediatrics, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea 4Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea 5Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 6Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea 7Department of Pediatrics, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea 8Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea 9Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea Neonatal Med 2022 February;29(1):28-35 https://doi.org/10.5385/nm.2022.29.1.28 pISSN 2287-9412 . eISSN 2287-9803 Copyright(c) 2022 By Korean Society of Neonatology This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Original Article 29 Neonatal Med 2022 February;29(1):28-35 https://doi.org/10.5385/nm.2022.29.1.28 ing in Korea.

吸着劑를 利用한 金屬 이온 및 有害物質의 吸着除去에 관한 硏究 : Comparison of removal effects of activated carbon, chitosan and delignified saw dust on metal ions and some hazardous materials 활성탄, Chitosan 및 탈 Lignin 톱밥의 금속이온 및 유해물질 흡착제거 성능의 비교

김용범,김현갑,김용우,손호영 서울産業大學校 1994 논문집 Vol.39 No.1

전통적인 흡착물질로 가장 많이 애용되어 온 활성탄(AC)과 새로히 개발된 천연고분자 물질 chitosan(CS) 및 脫 lignin톱밥(SD)으로 각각의 여과용 column을 만들고 음용수에 인위적으로 혼입해 둔 pb²+, Cd²+, Cu²+, Mn²+ 및 CN-에 대한 흡착 제거 성능을 비교 연구 하였다. 음용수에 혼입한 각 물질의 원 농도는 Pb²+; 3ppm, Cu²+; 3.1ppm, Mn²+; 0.7ppm, CN;5.3ppm였으며 이들 물질로 각각 단일용액을 조제하여 실험할때는 유속을 1.33㎤/min으로, 혼합용액으로 실험할때는 0.74㎤/min으로 하고, 충전된 흡착제의 건조 중량은 각가 10g으로 하여 흡착제거 실험을 하였다. 위의 각각의 단일 물질 용액에 대한 흡착제의 단위 중량(g)당 파괴점까지의 제거 용량은 Pb²+의 경우, 활성탄이 3.3ℓ, 탈 lignin톱밥이 3.5ℓ로 나타났고, Mn²+의 경우 활성탄이 10ℓ, 탈 lignin톱밥이 12ℓ, chitosan은 12.5ℓ로 나타났으며, CN-의 경우에는 활성탄이 4.8ℓ, 탈 lignin톱밥이 5.5ℓ, chitosan은 4.7ℓ로 각각 나타났다. 이들 혼합용액에 대해서는 단위 중량(g)당 파괴점까지의 흡착제거 용량은 pb²+의 경우, 활성탄이 2.5ℓ, 탈 lignin톱밥이 2.8ℓ, chitosan은 2.7ℓ로 나타났고, Cd²+의 경우, 활성탄이 2.4ℓ탈 lignin톱밥이 2.7ℓ,chitosan은 2.4ℓ로 나타났으며, Cu²+경우에는 활성탄이 2.8ℓ탈 lignin톱밥이 3.2ℓ, chitosan은 2.7ℓ로 나타났다. 대체로 Pb²+, Cd²+, Mn²+ 등 금속이온에 대한 흡착제거에 있어서는 탈 lignin톱밥과 chitosan의 경우가 활성탄보다는 10~30%정도 높은 제거율을 보였으며, CN-에 대해서는 탈 lignin톱밥>활성탄>chitosan의 순으로 제거 효율을 나타내었다. Some adsorbents prepared from natural resorces were subjected to the experiments of removing some metal ions(pb²+, Cd²+, Cu²+ and Mn²+)and cyanide. The adsorbents applied in the experiments were activated carbon, delignified saw dust and chitosan powder, each of which was packed into a column in order to remove metal ions and cyanide artificially contaminated in the potable water, functioning as filters. The most effective adsorbent was found to be the delignified saw dust column in removing contaminants and activated carbon column was found the poorest among the three. Delignified saw dust demonstrated to be a most effective, cheaper and popular filtering saw dust demonstrated to be a most effective, cheaper and popular filtering material for the purification of potable water which most citizens are not yet confident with.

Genome-wide investigation of a Korean synthetic breed, Woori-Heukdon using the Illumina PorcineSNP60K BeadChip

Yong‑Min Kim,Ha‑Seung Seong,Jung‑Jae Lee,Da‑Hye Son,Jin‑Su Kim,Soo‑Jin Sa,Young‑Sin Kim,Tae‑Jeong Choi,Kyu‑Ho Cho,Joon‑Ki Hong,Jung‑Woo Choi,Eun‑Seok Cho 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.12

Background: Woori-Heukdon (KWH) is a Korean synthetic pig breed generated using Chookjin-Duroc (KCD), Chookjin-Chamdon (KCC), and their crossbreds. Currently, there is a severe lack of studies investigating the Korean breed populations including wild boars (KWB) throughout the genome. Objective: This study was performed to investigate the genetic characteristics of Korean pig populations at the genome-wide level. Methods: Using the SNP dataset derived from genotyped and downloaded datasets using the Illumina PorcineSNP60K BeadChip, we compared the genomes of 532 individuals derived from 23 pig breeds to assess the genetic diversity, inbreeding coefficient, genetic differentiation, and population structure. Results: KWB showed the lowest average expected heterozygosity (HE = 0.1904), while KWH showed the highest genetic diversity (HE = 0.02859) among Korean populations. We verified that the genetic composition of KWH, showing USD of 74.8% and KCC of 25.2% in ADMIXTURE analysis. In population structure analyses, KCC was consistently shown to be separated from other pig populations. In addition, we observed gene flow from Western pigs to a part of Chinese populations. Conclusion: This study showed that Korean native pigs, KCC have genetic differences in comparison with Chinese and Western pigs; despite some historical records and recent genetic studies, we could not find any clear evidence that KCC was significantly influenced by Chinese or Western breeds in this study. We also verified the theoretical genomic composition of KWH at the molecular level in structure analyses. To our knowledge, this is the first genomic study to investigate the genomic characteristics of KWH and KCC.

Identification of a sensitive urinary biomarker, selenium-binding protein 1, for early detection of acute kidney injury

Kim, Kyeong Seok,Yang, Hun Yong,Song, Hosup,Kang, Ye Rim,Kwon, JiHoon,An, JiHye,Son, Ji Yeon,Kwack, Seung Jun,Kim, Young-Mi,Bae, Ok-Nam,Ahn, Mee-Young,Lee, Jaewon,Yoon, Sungpil,Lee, Byung μ,Kim, Hyung TAYLOR & FRANCIS 2017 Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Vol.80 No.9

<P>Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with increased mortality rate in patients but clinically available biomarkers for disease detection are currently not available. Recently, a new biomarker, selenium-binding protein 1 (SBP1), was identified for detection of nephrotoxicity using proteomic analysis. The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity of urinary SBP1 levels as an early detection of AKI using animal models such as cisplatin or ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with cisplatin (6 mg/kg, once i.p.) and sacrificed at 1, 3, or 5 days after treatment. Ischemia was achieved by bilaterally occluding both kidneys with a microvascular clamp for 45 min and verified visually by a change in tissue color. After post-reperfusion, urine samples were collected at 9, 24, and 48 hr intervals. Urinary excretion of protein-based biomarkers was measured by Western blot analysis. In cisplatin-treated rats, mild histopathologic alterations were noted at day 1 which became severe at day 3. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr) levels were significantly increased at day 3. Levels of urinary excretion of SBP1, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) were markedly elevated at day 3 and 5 following drug treatment. In the vehicle-treated I/R group, serum levels of BUN and SCr and AST activity were significantly increased compared to sham. Urinary excretion of SBP1 and NGAL rose markedly following I/R. The urinary levels of SBP1, NGAL, TIMP-1, and KIM-1 proteins excreted by AKI patients and normal subjects were compared. Among these proteins, a marked rise in SBP1 was observed in urine of patients with AKI compared to normal subjects. Based upon receiver-operator curves (ROC), SBP1 displayed a higher area under the curve (AUC) scores than levels of SCr, BUN, total protein, and glucose. In particular, SBP1 protein was readily detected in small amounts of urine without purification. Data thus indicate that urinary excretion of SBP1 may be useful as a reliable biomarker for early diagnosis of AKI in patients.</P>

Study on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Al–25Cr–5Si (at%) Alloy Powder Using Gas-Atomization and SPS Process

Yong‑Ho Kim,Hyo‑Sang Yoo,Jeong‑Han Lee,Ik‑Hyun Oh,Hyun‑Kuk Park,Hyeon‑Taek Son 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.7

In order to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties on Al–25Cr–5Si (at%) alloy, a mixed powder with pureelements and an alloy powder using a gas atomization process were used. Fine and high purity Al–25Cr–5Si (at%) alloypowder was successfully prepared by gas atomization and densified using a spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. The overallpowder size distribution of the mixed Al, Cr, and Si elemental powders was in the range of 10–15 μm. The atomized Al–Cr–Sialloy powder was fine and spherical in morphology and difficult to be formed by intermetallic formation. Densification wasclearly confirmed at 1000 °C, with almost isolated pores formed, by clear removal of pores between particles, deformationof particles, an increase in the number of contacts, and a change in size between particles. As a result of XRD analysis ofthe sintered compacts, single phase was observed using the mixed powder, but the compact using gas atomization remainedthe alloy phase even at the process temperature. The Vickers hardness of the compacts by mixed powder was observed at59.70 Hv and the compact using gas atomized powders on the temperature 1000 °C of the Vickers hardness increased to702.6 Hv. The compressive yield strength of the compact with mixed powder was 195.24 MPa and the compressive strengthof the compact with gas atomized powder increased to 802.07 MPa. It is considered not to be decomposed by the AlCrSi,Al13Cr4Si4and Al8Cr5phases sintering process, resulting from the improvement of mechanical properties.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

국내육성 오차드그라스 품종들의 캘러스 형성율 및 식물체 재분화 효율

김기용,강경민,배은경,이인애,임용우,최기준,박근제,손대영,조진기 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research 2003 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.2003 No.-

Comparisons of callus formation ratios from seed explants, callus sizes, regeneration ratios from callus and regeneration efficiency for 4 orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) varieties (Three were developed in Korea and one was imported from foreign nation) are as follows; Jangbeol 102 (67.0%) has the highest callus formation ratio in 4 weeks incubated callus after bedding the seed explants, but Potomac (68.4%) has the highest ratio in 6-seek callus. Potomac (3.93cm) has the highest callus size in 4-week callus, but Jangbeol 101 (4.32cm) has the highest size in 6-week callus. Jangbeol 101 (17.7%) has the highest plant regeneration ratio in 4-week callus, but Potomac (37.4%) has the highest raion in 6-week callus. Jangbeol 102 (11.5%) has the highest plant regeneration efficiency in 4-week callus, but Potomac (25.6%) has the highest efficiency in 6-week callus.

人工 初期 琺瑯質 우식유발에 關한 組織 生化學的 比較 實驗 硏究

손일수,김용기 大韓小兒齒科學會 1990 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.17 No.2

Three chemical systems,1) Hydroxyethyl Cellulose System2) Lactate Buffer System containing MHDP 3) Lactate Buffer System withoutMHDP, to produce early enamel carious lesions were investigated in the present study. Sound premolars(n=60), extracted for orthodontic reasons, were evenly divided into three groups and demineralized for 1,4,7 days in each different caries medium. Quantitative chemical analyses of released Ca & P amounts in aliquots and histological examination of sectioned samples were conducted by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, spectrophotometry and polarizing light microscopy respectively. The release patterm of Ca & P determined showed similarity in general tgroughout experimental periods both in cumulative amount and increment. The largest increment was seen in 1-4 day-interval and sudden decrease in 4-7 day-interval. Although histological feature examined by polarizing microscope showed some variations from specimen to specimen, the lesions produced from HEC and MHDP group showed the apparently intact surface zone characterristics of the early carious lesion whereas they could not be seen in the system containing lactic acid only. Lesion depth of all groups showed linear relationship with demineralization time. Microhardness values measured at the point of 30mm away form the surface enamel layer was seen to be greatly lower then those of the inner sound enamel layer.

Burkhoderia sp. AK-17에 의한 잎들깨 재배의 생물학적 조절

김근기,김용균,손홍주,최영환,강규영 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research 2005 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.2005 No.

There are various crop diseases in green houses that are caused by the cultural environments, especially high temperature and moisture. To solve the forementioned problems, farmers are overusing agricultural chemicals, causing other damages by the chemical residue. In this study, antagonistic bacteria as biological control agents were isolated to produce the environmentally-friendly crops for use in green houses. Eighteen species of antagonistic bacteria were totally isolated from the soil and plants in the Perilla fields, and AK-17 showed the highest activity among the isolates. According to the results of anti-fungal spectrum against several pathogens by AK-17, the antagonism effect of the isolates was remarkable against grey mold rot by Botrytis cinerea, sclerotinia rot by Sclerotnia sclerotiorum, and stem rot by Rhizoctonia solini. To evaluate the biological control effects of the isolates against the major diseases of Perilla, studies were carried out to evaluate the preventive and the curative effects of the diseases throughout the pot experiments. According to the forementioned experiments, the preventive and the curative effects by the isolates against sclerotinia rot were respectively showed as 55% and 92%. For the grey mold rot, those were 40% and 78%, respectively. As to the evaluation of the growth-promoting effect by AK-17, the length and the biomass of the tested plants were increased to 120% and to 164%, respectively. For the leaf numbers and area were respectively increased to 120% and 220%. Furthermore, AK-17 was identified as Burkhoderia sp. according to the results of physiological properties and genetic methods. 시설원예단지의 재배환경은 고온다습으로 많은 병해가 발생하며, 이를 방제하기위해 과다한 농약을 사용하므로 농약 잔류성에 대한 피해가 심각한 우려를 낳고 있다. 미생물을 이용한 생물학적 방제법 개발로 청정 시설원예작물을 생산할 목적으로 길항균을 분리하였다. 잎들깨 재배토양과 식물체로부터 길항세균 18종을 분리하였으며 분리한 길항세균 중에 AK-17이 가장 활성이 뛰어나 이를 이용하여 주요 식물병원균에 대한 항균스펙트럼을 조사하였다. 그 결과 잿빛곰팡이병원균의 Botrytis cinerea와 균핵병원균의 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum 및 줄기썩음병원균인 Rhizoctonia solant에 대한 항균효과가 뛰어났다. 잎들깨의 주요 병에 대한 생물학적 방제실험은 병발생 억제효과와 병방제효과를 pot 실험으로 실시했다. 그 결과 균핵병은 55%의 병발생 억제효과와 92%의 방제효과가 있었고, 잿빛곰팡이병은 40%의 병발생 억제효과와 78%의 방제효과를 확인할 수 있었다. AK-17의 식물 생육촉진효과는 신장이 120%, 생체중이 164% 증가되었으며, 엽수와 엽면적은 각각 120%와 220%의 증가효과를 보였다. 그리고 AK-17을 생리·생화학적방법과 유전학적 방법으로 동정한 결과, Burkhoderia sp.로 확인되었다.

요부 외측구역 협착증에서 단순감압술과 기구고정술을 병행한 요추체간 골유합술과의 임상적 비교

손병길,최은석,정을수,신종현,김명진,지용철 대한척추신경외과학회 2004 Neurospine Vol.1 No.1

Objective: The lumbar spinal canal can be devided into the central zone and the lateral zone. The divisions of the lateral zone are the subarticular, the foraminal, and the extraforaminal zone. A common causes of the operation for the spinal stenosis are related to the association with the spondylolisthesis and the central stenosis. There is a paucity of data, however, regarding the operative intervention in the lateral zone stenosis(LZS). Our aim was to analyze the surgical result by the anatomical type and the operative method. Methods: 72 patients of LZS excepting the association with the spondyolisthesis have been operated by six neurosurgeons of our hospital from 30th April, 1994 through 30th September, 2002. The patients had been interviewed about surgical result through telephone by third party persons. The surgical results were analyzed by the four score rating system: ① medication, ② ADL(Ability of daily living), ③ the degree of improvement, ④ the degree of satisfaction. Results: Among 72 patients, there were 25 males and 47 females. The age group of the patients were in their thirties(1), forties(9), fifties(21), sixties(36) and seventies(5). Surgical methods were used on decompression(22), posterior lumbar interbody fusion(PLIF) with cage(1) and PLIF with transpedicular screw fixation system(49). The types of stenosis were subarticular(24), foraminal(16) and extraforaminal(30) and double crush(2). The overall surgical results were Excellent(18), Good(34), Fair(19), and Poor(1). The Non-success rate according to the methods of surgery were decompression(34.8%), PLIF with transpedicular fixation system(24.4%). The overall success rate was(53/72: 73.6%). The success rate according to the types were subarticular(17/24: 70.8%), extraforaminal(21/30: 70%), and foraminal(12/16: 75%). Conclusion: It is suggested that the result was more favorable on the cases of lateral zone stenosis operated with PLIF and transpedicular fixation system. According to the method used, the success rate of decompression was worse than PLIF with transpedicular fixation system.