정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

연극놀이를 통한 時調鑑賞 方法 硏究

양홍희 서울교육대학교 국어교육과초등 국어 교육 연구소 2001 초등 국어교육 Vol.- No.11

우묵사스레피(Eurya emarginata)의 플라보노이드 화합물의 분리 및 동정

양홍철,박수영,강희경,이남호 제주대학교 생명과학연구소 2001 제주생명과학연구 Vol.4 No.-

The extracts of Eurya emarginata showed inhibitory effect on the growth of HL-60 leukemia cells. So, 80% methanol(MeOH) extract of its leaves was partitioned to hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and residual water fractions. The ethyl acetate fraction, which showed desirable activities, was further purified using SiO2 column chromatography(CC) followed by reverse phase silica gel CC, then another normal CC to give fraction 4-1-8 as a pure compound. The compound 4-1-8 was analyzed by NMR spectrometry using 1H, 13C, DEPT, HMQC and HMBC spectra, and finally proved to be well-known flavono glycoside, Quercitrin.

제 5차 교육과정개편으로 발간된 중학교 과학교과서에서 실험 및 관찰 내용의 비교 분석 : 생물단원을 중심으로

양홍준,이미희 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 1996 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.20 No.-

Today, which is the era of high developed information and technology, grows suddenly changing resulted from the sudden increase in knowledge and information. Accordingly, in order to nurture the man who is able to meet that era, we demands keenly the necessity of the revision of textbook following that of curriculum to be acceptable and reflectible the change of situation in society and study and the characteristics and demand of the group of student. The purpose of this study is to be helped the effective learning-coach of the science education in middle school, especially to provide the basic information fot the inquiry-study of the biology edcation and to acquire the progressed information for more desirable curriculum through relative comparison and analysis of the courses in the 5 kinds of the middle school science textbook to being used prior to the nest revision of curriculum. In this study, especially the biology course in the science textbook which are 15 volumes of kinds for 1st, 2nd and 3rd grades complied on the basis of the 5th revision of a curriculum (Notification No. 87-7 of the Ministry of Education, 1987) was compared and analyzed. The results are as follows : 1. Science textbook was arranged in units apparently composing of physics, chemistry, earth science and biology by grades and all kinds of textbooks following suit. The comparison with the page occupied by courses shows, on the average, that physics 23.0%, chemistry 22.3%, earth science 24.0% and biology 30.7%. 2. The number of experiment and observation by courses was counted to be physics 19.8, chemistry 30.3, earth science 25.6%, biology 36.4 and by textbooks; A-textbook 140, B-textbook 107, C-textbook 97, D-textbook 119, and E-textbook 96. Those by textbooks represent existing the conspicuous difference. 3. The number of experiment and observation only in the biology course was counted to be 46 in A-textbook, 35 in B-textbook, 29 in C-textbook, 42 in D-textbook, and 30 in E-textbook among the total 66 subjects, showing the considerable difference. The numbers of common subject was founded to be 17 in 5 kinds of textbooks, 7 in 4 kinds of textbooks, 9 in 3 kinds of textbooks, 9 in 2 kinds of textbooks, and 24 in 1 kind of textbooks, which shows the variety of experiment subject in accordance with the textbooks. 4. The percentage of paper area occupied by experiment and observation in the biology course is 7.3-11.0%. 5. The most frequent organism used experiment and observation in the biology course, classifically, was seed plant. By textbooks 24-50 species of organisms were involved 34-64 times. And organisms frequently involved in experiment in the biology course was man(26), frog(12), water-grass(11), onion(10), and balsam(9). 6. The most frequently used experiment tools were found to be microscope, slide and cover glasses, glass dishes and 4.3-5.3 tools per one experiment were found to be used. The regents were dexcendingly iodid-iodine potassium, acetoacrmin and ethanol, methylene blue. 7. The inquiry excercise excepting were reveal 2-9 subjects named "investigation", "inquiry of mine", "practicing", "free activity" etc., but E textbook had no relation. 8. The 93-131 of study, question, discussion etc. by textbooks suggested the conformation of concepts and the actively inquiry of questions. The 161-182 of illustrations, 15-54 of pictures, 10-16 of tables and 7-11 of graphs helps the visual effect and understanding concept.

폐결핵 환자의 우울 상태

홍정표,최선희,조만종,이성주,박종,김기순,김양옥 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1997 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.22 No.1

The main purpose of this study is to identify and evaluate the depressive states for the patients with chronic pulmonary tuberculosis. A questionnaire(Self-rating Depression Scale, SDS) survey was performed toward 57 pulmonary tuberculosis patients with initial treatment who started chemotherapy and 53 pulmonary tuberculosis patients with retreatment, admitted to one tuberculosis-centered hospital and two general hospital. Fifty three healthy persons as control group were investigated with the same questionnaire for comparison. The survey was performed from July to August 1996. The results are as follws : 1. The patients had significantly high scores in the depression than control and the patient with retreatment showed significantly high scores in the depression than the patient with initia1treatment(P<0.01). 2. The depressive levels of the patients were associated with duration of admission and the expectancy of recovery (P<0.05). 3. The percentage of the subjects with 40 or more scores tentatively classifiable as psychologically depressed was 67.1% of the total subjects, 48.4% of the control groups, 75.0% of the patient with initial treatment and 84.1% of the patient with retreatment. Because patient with pulmonary tuberculosis with initial treatment showed higher depression scores than normal persons, and patients with retreatment due to failure of initial treatment showed higher depression scores than initial treatment, it is necessary to give attention to depression of the patients during treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.

원형 Cavity를 이용한 펄스형 Nb:YAG 레이저의 출력특성 및 병렬메쉬 회로의 최적화

홍정환,송금영,양동민,김휘영,김희제 부산대학교 생산기술연구소 2001 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.60 No.-

본 연구에서는 기존의 타원형 cavity가 아닌 원형 cavity를 설계 및 제작하여 그 동작특성에 관하여 연구하였다. 그 결과 타원형 cavity 보다 다소 적은 레이저 출력 효율 2.1%를 얻었다. 원형 cavity는 타원형 cavity 보다 컴팩트하며 제작하기가 용이하고, 제작 단가가 저렴하다는 장점이 있다. 입력에너지, 입력전압 및 펄스 폭을 동일하게 했을 경우 주회로 병렬 메쉬회로수를 최적화하고자 한다. PFN 회로를 1단에서 8단까지 PSPICE로 모의시험한 전류파형과 실제 실험한 전류파형이 거의 일치하였다. 그 결과 500㎲이상의 펄스 폭에서 6단 메쉬가 최적의 병렬 메쉬라는 결론을 얻었다. In this study, we have deigned and manufactured not only a present elliptic cavity but also a circular cavity, and experimented the operational characteristics. As a result, we obtained the maximum efficiency of 2.1% that was not less than that of an elliptic cavity. A circular cavity is much more compact and is easier to be manufactured than an elliptic cavity. And it can be made at a low cost. When the input energy, input voltage, and pulse width were in the same condition, we tried to decide the optimization of the mesh number of a parallel-mesh circuit which was connected with main power supply. The PSPICE simulation waveform of PFP(Pulse Forming network) circuit ranging from 1-mesh to 8-mesh nearly corresponded with the real current waveform obtained through a practical experiment. From these experimental results, we obtained the result that 6-mesh was the optimal parallel-mesh circuit in case that the pulse width was more than 500㎲.

식민지시기 남성교육과 젠더(gender) : 양반 남성의 생활상과의 비교를 중심으로

홍양희 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구소 2005 아시아여성연구 Vol.44 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 식민지시기 이루어진 남성교육의 젠더적 성격을 구명하는데 있다. 이를 위해 남성의 교육과정과 그 내용을 살펴보고, 그것이 조선시대의 유교적인 남성의 생활상과는 어떠한 차이가 있는 것이었는지를 구명하였다. 일제가 교육하고 만들어 낸 남성상은 조선시대 양반의 그것과는 근본적인 차이를 가지는 것이었다. 조선시대의 남성이 유교적 가족주의에 입각해 가문의 번창이 그의 목적이었다면, 일제하의 남성은 국가의 번영을 그의 목표로 삼아야 했다. 뿐만 아니라 집안 관리, 가정 경제활동, 아들교육 등을 담당하였던 조선시대의 남성과 달리, 경제활동만이 그의 몫이 되었다. 남성은 가정 내의 실질적인 일에 대한 권한에서는 재제되었던 것이다. 기존의 전통사회에서 제가(齊家) 즉 가정(家政), 그리고 아들교육은 아버지의 권한이었지만, 이제 가정과 자녀교육은 남성의 영역이 아니었다. 남성은 직업을 통해 국가 사회라는 공적인 부문에서 자기 역할을 하도록 국민적 역할을 부여받았기 때문이다. 이러한 남성상은 유교적 가족주의와 집안에 머물러 있는 남성을 가정 밖으로 나올 것을 명령했다. 남성의 시선을 사회, 그리고 국가를 향하도록 교육하였으며, 남성을 사회적 국가적 인간으로 환원시키는 것이 일제에게는 무엇 보다도 중요하였던 것이다. 그리하여 마침내 국가적 요구에 의해 새로운 남성형이 창출되었던 것이다. 아울러 이러한 식민지 지배 전략은 교육에서 남성성과 여성성을 강조하게 만들었으며, 이것이 결국 남녀차별로 이어졌다는 점도 간과해서는 안된다. The purpose of this study is to survey the gender character of the male education during the colonial period of Korea. For this, two points is to focus. The one is the process and contents of the male education, the other is a fundamental distinction of an ideal life-style between the Confucian male of the Choseon Dynasty and the educational male of colonial period. The male under Choseon Dynasty advance with an honor to his family, but the male of the colonial education is to aim at the national prosperity. The former's duties are the family affairs, such as the responsibility of incomings and outgoings, the home business and the education of his son. The latter's duty in connection with domestic affairs is only the action of the earnings. In other words, the education of his son and the home management(household) are free of the male duty. The male as a house manager should be changed as a nation and engaged in the occupation to be suited for the industrial society. For this, the male education is as a necessary consequence, and the content and the important principle of the male education during the colonial period is largely based on gender. In conclusion, the colonial male education was emphasized the gender between the male and female in an angle on the national division of labor and the making the national people.

韓國行政文化의 바람직한 變化方案

洪良熹 청주대학교 대학원 1994 우암논총 Vol.11 No.-

The purpose of this study is to find out the desirable developments on public administration culture by analyzing the factors causing change and its resultant probability. Both Political and Public administrative phenomena of a state can be apprehended only in terms of its culture. Meanwhile, the public administration culture of Korea includes the negative features such as authoritarianism, familism, formalism, emotional humanism and fatal ism and the like. In order to transform the above mentioned negative i. e. malfunctional culture into posotive functional one, the upper culture(general culture)and the sub-culture(public administration culture) must be diagnosed at the same time. Consequently, to make successful the organization of public administration, it is imperative that public administration culture go hand in hand with the 'sound' general culture. In doing so, the following conditions are necessary. Firstly, the prevention of negative culture from spreading is needed. Secondly, the creation and maintenance of desirable culture for at once new and next generation is needed.

일제시기 조선의 여성교육: - 현모양처교육을 중심으로 -

홍양희 漢陽大學校 韓國學硏究所 2001 韓國學論集 Vol.35 No.-

여성 요실금에서 Kontinence™와 Compact Elite™의 치료효과 비교

양상국,정상원,오미희,노용수,김홍섭,우응제,박승훈,이수열 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1999 건국의과학학술지 Vol.9 No.-

Biofeedback and pelvic floor electrical stimulation are new modalities that have been advocated for the treatment of female urinary incontinence. The aim of this study was to compare prospectively the therapeutic effect of Kontinence™(HMT Co., Korea) with Compact Elite™(ECL Co., France) in female urinary incontinence. All patients were evaluated with a complete history, physical examination, urinalysis, urine culture and urodynamic study. Eighteen patients were treated with Compact Elite™, and thirteen patients with Kontinence™. Enrolled patients had completed 8 office sessions consisting of biofeedback and intravaginal electrical stimulation according to the program of each machines. Overall treatment response was graded by patients on a scale of complete cure to aggravation. At two weeks after last session, overall improvement rate was 78% in Compact Elite™group and 92% in Kontinence™group(p>0.05). Overall patients' acceptability during treatment course was greater than 80% in both machines(p>0.05). There were no unexpected clinical findings during Kontinence™ treatment. After Kontinence™treatment, there were no laboratory changes including electrocardiography, complete blood count, liver function profile, and chest PA. These results showed that the biofeedback and electrical stimulation with Kontinence™was safe and moderately effective for female urinary incontinence comparable to Compact Elite™. However, long-term results of a larger patients are needed to ensure the therapeutic effect of Kontinence™.