最近 8年間의 精神神經科 入院 外來 및 患者에 對한 統計的 考察(1960年∼1967年)

李哲奎,盧英一,張煥一,金明源,任允明,韓東洙,吳承煥,金光日 大韓神經精神醫學會 1969 신경정신의학 Vol.8 No.1

1) The number of the out-and in-patients had increased year after year (Table Ⅰ & Ⅲ). 2) Schizophrenia was the greatest number of the in-patients and its rate to whole was 49.1 percent, and neurosis was the greatest number of the out-patients and its rate to whole was 41.66 per cent (Table Ⅰ & Ⅶ). 3) In in-patients, hysteria revealed relatively large in percentage as 11.8% than the other groups (Table Ⅰ). 4) The rate of the male hysteria patients to all male patients was 3.5 per cent and the rate of female hysteria was 20.5 per cent (Table Ⅱ). 5) In in-patients, all the patients of general paresis and alcoholism were only males in sex(Table Ⅱ). 6) In in-patients of schizophrenia, the ratio of the male patients to the female patients was 57.0 : 43.0, but the each rate of each total numbers of the all diseases of the both sexes was almost same (Table Ⅲ). 7) The largest age group of the all patients was between 21∼30 years old, and the next was between 31∼40 years in in-patients (Table Ⅲ). 8) The largest age group of schizophrenia patients was between 21∼30 years and that of M.D.R patients was between 31∼40 years in in-patients (Table Ⅲ). 9) In in-patients of hysteria, the largest age group was between 31∼40 years, and the next was between 21∼30 years (Table Ⅲ). 10) The results of treatment in in-patients were as followings; Recovered; 27.6% Much improved; 43.1% Slightly improved and no changed; 28.2% (Table Ⅳ) 11) The results of treatment in schizophrenia of the in-patients were as followings; Recovered; 19.1% Much improved; 48.3% Slightly improved and no changed; 32.1% (Table Ⅴ) 12) The mode of treatment had been somewhat changed during last 8 years from 1960 to 1967 in treatment of the in-patients (Table Ⅵ). (1) The combined therapy of tranquilizers and EST had been increased, but the therapy of tranquilizer alone or EST alone had been decreased, compared to 1960. (2) The therapy of ICT in the treatment of in-patients had been much decreased.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

부모보고형 자아탄력성 척도의 개발

윤현희,홍창희,이진환 서울대학교 심리과학연구소 2001 心理科學 Vol.10 No.1

자아탄력성이란 외적 스트레스와 내적 긴장에 대해 융통성 있고 효과적으로 대처하는 일반적인 능력을 의미한다. 최근 아동과 청소년들을 위협하는 유해환경이 급하고 이에 따른 정신적ㆍ행동문제가 심각해져 감에 따라, 내적 긴장을 적절하게 해소하고 환경적인 스트레스에 대처해 나갈 수 있는 적응능력의 중요성이 절실하게 인식되고 있다. 이에 아동과 청소년 개개인의 자아탄력성 정도를 알아보는 것은 두 가지 점에서 의미가 있다고 하겠다. 첫째, 학교 장면에서는 자아가 취약한 아동들에게 예방적 개입을 실시할 기회를 얻을 수 있을 것이며, 둘째, 임상 장면에서는 현재 아동이 겪고 있는 장애에 대한 아동의 대처능력과, 장애로부터의 회복 가능성을 판단해 볼 수 있는 자료가 될 수 있을 것이다. 아동은 언어적인 표현능력이 제한됨에 따라 아동을 평가하는 데 있어 부모가 가장 좋은 정보원이 된다. 이에 본 연구에선, 1차 연구에서 아동의 인지, 정서, 행동 특징들을 기술하는 문항에 부모가 응답하게 함으로써, 아동의 자아탄력성을 측정할 수 있는 문항들을 선별, 척도를 구성하였다. 이 때 문항분석은 1. 안면타당도에 의한 문항분석 2. 교사평정으로 구분한 교사평정으로 구분한 자아탄력성 상/하위 집단 차이에 따른 문항분석 3. 정상집단과 환아집단 차이에 따른 문항분석 4. 문항-척도 상관에 의한 문항분석 5. 요인분석 과정을 거쳐 최종적으로 24문항을 선정하였다. 2차 연구에서 척도의 타당도를 검증하기 위하여, 개발된 척도에 의해 탄력적/ 비탄력적인 값으로 평가된 아동의 간의 스트레스 정도에 따른 적응양상을 비교하여 보았다. Ego-Resilience refers to the general capacity for flexible and resourceful adaptation to external stressors and internal tension. As children-adolescent's behavior problems become severe, to know the individuals Ego-resilience level is important in two aspect. First, at school setting. We can distinguish ego-resilient individual from ego-brittle individual by administration of Ego-resilience scale. So, We can put ego-brittle individual in program to promote Ego-resilience. Second, at clinical settings, administration of Ego-resiliency scale can be helpful to know the individual's coping with his/her pathology and prognosis. It is difficult for children to know and express himself/herself exactly and objectively. In case of preschool children, their ability to read and write is limited. So parents are the most important information for children. This is the reason why construct Parent Form Ego-resilience Scale. The item in the scale are selected from the Korea Personality Inventory for Children Preliminary Form. All items need to answer 'yes' or 'no'. Item analysis is made through five steps. 1. clinical psychologists' judgement for the face validity 2. group(ego-resilient vs ego-brittle) contrast is done according to teachers judgement 3. group(normal vs abnormal) contrast is done according to psychiatric diagnosis 4. item-scale correlation 5. factor analysis According to the result of principal component analysis, five factors such as 'peer-relationship and optimism', 'empathy and self-acceptance', 'attention and self-esteem', 'comprehension' and 'leadership' are extracted. The cut-off score discriminating abnormal and normal is 16 point. According to KPI-C profile the Ego-brittle groups are subject to maladaptive when external and internal stress increases. To find out ego-brittle children and to let them put in the situation to promoting capacity for flexible and resourceful adaptation are important.

맥진단기 채널의 ISI감소를 위한 적응필터

윤달황,정찬길,소경순 世明대학교 한의학연구소 1998 韓醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.1 No.-

본 논문은 맥파검출기의 채널간에 발생하는 상호신호간섭을 감소시키기 위해 Sign 알고리듬을 적용한다. 이 알고리듬은 맥파가 저주파이고 매우 천천히 변하는 환경하에서 기존의 알고리듬과 비교하여 보다 유리한 성능을 가지며, 이를 이용하여 분할등화기를 구현한다. We propose the Sign algorithm and analyze the convergence characteristics of it. To evaluate the performance of proposed Sign algorithm, fractionally spaced equalizer is used. Especially, we present that this method have the advantages for the condition having the low-frequency and slow speed.

퍼머제의 중금속 농도에 관한 연구

윤복연,문덕환,박명희,황용식,함성애,손병철,김대환,이창희,김휘동,이채언 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.5

Objective : This study was conducted to prepare the fundamental data on heavy metal concentration in hair permanents agents and to prevent the health impairment due to heavy metal. Methods and Material : The author determined of 5 heavy metals(Pb, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Cu) concentration hair permanent agents in the market with flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results : The results were as follows: 1. The geometic mean concentrations of total subjects were 0.04㎍/g for Pb, 0.09㎍/g for Cr, 0.06㎍/g for Mn, 0.03㎍/g for Ni, and 0.04㎍/g for Cu. 2. The most highest mean concentrations of heavy metals in hair permanent agents by using type were Cr for wave agent and straight cream agent, Cu for setting iron agent, Cr and Cu for coating perm agent. 3. Metal most hlghest mean concentrations of heavy in hair permanent agents by type of color was green for Cu. 4. The mean concentration of Cu among 5 heavy metals in hair permanent agents by marker was most highest. 5. There was most statistically significant difference on mean concentration in hair permanent agents between domestic and foreign products. 6. The exposure amount of heavy metal concentration by one time using the permanent agent were 4.O㎍ for Pb, 9.O㎍ for Cr, 6.0㎍ for Mn, 3.O㎍ for Ni and 4.0㎍ for Cu. Conclusion : As above results author suggest to prepare the preventive program of health impairment due to heavy metal by long term chronic exposure to who were using the hair permanent agents hair designer and customers.

Supine Bicycle Ergometer 운동이 뇌파와 기분상태에 미치는 영향

윤진환,정일규,김영표,김종오,이희혁,오봉석,김창주 대한스포츠의학회 2003 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.21 No.1

In this study we investigated the effects of supine ergometer exercise on physiological and psychological relaxation. Seven healthy young men(aged 24.4±2.00years) volunteered for the experiment. The experiment consisted of the following three successive segments" A pre-exercise period of 10 min, during which the subjects rested in a supine posture with their eyes closed for the final 5 min; an supine ergometer exercise period of approximately 10 min, during which the subjects performed intensity of 50%HRmax exercises; A post-exercise recovery of 5 min, and a recovery of 10 min, which was similar to the pre-exercise rest period. The electroencephalo-graphic(EEG) activity of the central cortex of the brain were measured pre-exercise, post-exercise 5 min, and recovery phase 10min. Fast Fourier Transformation of the EEG was used to obtain power spectrum areas in the delta(0.5~4 Hz), theta(4~8 Hz), alpha(8~13 Hz) and beta(13~30 Hz) frequencies. We compared the relative power values(power %) of the electroencephalogram alpha bands(8~13 Hz) and korean edition of the profile of mood states(K-POMS) before and after the supine ergometer exercise. We also estimated the percentage of maximal heart rate(%HRmax) throughout the experiment to ascertain the intensity of the supine bicycle ergometer exercise. The results of %HRmax indicated that the intensity of supine exercises practised in the experiments ranged from low to moderate. The power % of EEG alpha bands had increased significantly after the supine ergometer exercise compared with the pre-exercise rest(p<0.05). From the POMS results, we observed that positive mood(vigour) increased and negative mood(tension, depression, and total mood)decreased significantly after the supine ergometer exercise(p<0.05). This study found that the subjects showed increased physiological and psychological indices of relaxation after supine bicycle ergometer exercise.

수자원관리에 있어서 전문가시스템 응용

윤동환,이창수 위덕대학교 산업기술연구소 2000 산업기술연구소 논문집 Vol.4 No.1

본 연구에서는 전문가시스템의 수자원분야에 적용성을 평가하고, 보다 경제적이고 효율적인 의사결정을 할 수 있도록 시스템을 구축하였다. 전문가 시스템의 적용성을 평가하기 위하여 1988년부터 1992년까지의 실제 안동댐 자료와 전문가의 경험지식과 전문지식을 지식기반으로 구축하여 시스템에 적용하였다. 전문가시스템의 적용과정에 있어서 한 개인이 모든 의사결정의 규칙을 생성시키는 것은 불가능하였다. 그리고 관련 전문가와 실무자의 협조가 필요하며, 방대한 자료와 경험지식을 도구화 할 수 있고 규칙을 프로그램화 할 수 있는 소프트웨어의 개발이 절실히 요구되었다. To estimate the application of the expert system and help efficient and economical decision making in the water resource fields, the system was constructed. The expert system was applied to the actual data of Andong - Dam in 1988~1992. In the process of applying expert system, it is impossible that one come into being rules of decision-making and it is necessary for help of veteran and clerk in charge and development of the software which make enormous data and heuristic knowledge to a means and proceed with a program rules.

Ethyl loflazepate (Victan^(�))의 항불안효과에 관한 임상적 연구 : OPEN TRIAL

장환일,윤도준,송지영 경희대학교 1989 慶熙醫學 Vol.5 No.2

X-線 廻折法에 依한 Aluminum의 構造 硏究

金彰鎭,尹和重,徐日煥 충남대학교 자연과학연구소 1983 忠南科學硏究誌 Vol.10 No.2

The structure of aluminum crystal has been determined from nine independent reflections collected on an X-ray powder diffractometer using nickel-filtered Cu K_α radiation. The crystal is face-centered cubic, space group F4/m3￣2/m, with a=4.045(2) Å, V=66.40 Å^3, D_c=2.69gr/㎤. The aluminum atoms have cubic arrangement to form metallic bonding and the nearest interatomic distance is 2.86 Å. The experimental and theoretical integrated intensities of the reflecting planes are in good agreement with each other.

선삭가공에서 연속형 칩 감지에 關한 硏究

유봉환,사승윤,정창기 崇實大學校 生産技術硏究所 1995 論文集 Vol.25 No.1

Recently progress in metal cutting and machine tool has raised the productivity of cutting operation remakable. Such high productivity, however, has brought troublesome problems on chips, specially, such as continuous chips. Thus manufacturing system can not be automated without controlling the chip forms. Monitoring and diagnosis of various undesirable state in the cutting process are major functions required for the full-automation of manufacturing system. As the computerized monitoring and classifying of the generation of undesirable chips and chip forms which are major obstacle to automation, the algorithm which decide cutting state in this paper.