이슈네트워크의 변화와 환경규제정책변동 - 황령산 개발 이슈의 분석

고한산(Koh Han-San),김창수(Kim Chang-Soo) 한국지방정부학회 2007 지방정부연구 Vol.11 No.1

  본 연구는 이슈네트워크의 변화와 환경규제정책변동과의 관계를 규명하기 위해 1992년 이후 현재까지 부산광역시 황령산 개발사례를 분석하였다. 본 사례에서 정책행위자들의 상호작용구조, 즉 이슈네트워크의 변화는 환경규제의 완화와 강화에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 각 시기별 정책변동에 있어서 부산시와 기업의 관계가 매우 긴밀한 전략적 관계를 형성하고 다른 행위자들의 관계가 느슨하고 영향력이 약할 때, 이는 곧 개발의 진행을 가능하게 하는 환경규제완화에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 환경단체와 주민모임이 긴밀하고 협력적인 관계를 형성하고 여기에 정치인이 가세할 때 개발을 보류시키는 환경규제 강화가 나타났다. 이처럼 이슈네트워크는 참여자들의 관계구조가 매우 유동적인 경우에 정책변동을 설명하는 유력한 분석틀이며, 민주화된 상황에서 관련 정보가 공개되고 공유되면서 사회적 합의를 이루어내는 유용한 도구로 평가되었다. 그리고 관련 정책이슈가 등장했을 때 이슈네트워크의 형성은 바람직한 정책변동을 유도할 가능성이 높기 때문에 정책행위자들은 개방적인 이슈네트워크의 형성에 관심을 가져야 함을 제안하였다.   This research looks at the relationship between the structures of interaction among policy actors, that is, the issue network and the environmental regulatory policy change. The cases which are used in this paper are the spa development and the interior ski dome construction on Hwanglyoung Mountain that took place from 1992 to 2006.<BR>  In this research, those cases are divided into three periods; the beginning of development, the suspension of development, and the time proceeding development at each period. What is analyzed is how the interaction structure change of policy actors affected the policy change.<BR>  We found that at each period, the changes in the issue network determined by the interaction degree of policy actors had considerable influence on the regulatory policy change. So we suggested that policy actors of issue networks should participate in policy issues positively for the desirable policy change.

感染性 疾患의 臨床疫學的 硏究

張友鉉,朴熙明,金漢壽,李承薰 現代醫學社 1969 現代醫學 Vol.10 No.4

The advancement of modern medicine, particularly the application of effective chemotherapeutics and preventive measures, have brought significant changes on the ecological aspect of microbial diseases of man. It was thought worthwhile to study the recent trends and present status of microbial infections in this country. Thus, the relative incidences and their etiological relationships of bacterial species, the pattern of drug sensitivities among the strains, and also the cases diagnosed by the serological methods were studied for the patients of SNU Hospital from January 1963 to December 1967. The results might be summarized as follows; 1. Relationships between bacteria and diseases (1) The species and their relative incidences of bacteria, isolated from various abscess, were α-hemolytic streptococcus 26.6%, Staphyloccus aureus 22.6%, paracolon bacilli 9.9%, coliform bacilli 8.1%, Klebsiella pneumoniae 7.6%, E. coil 6.9%, β-hemolytic streptococcus 5.9%. Staphylococcus albus 3.8%. Proteus 3.8%. Alkaligenes fecalis 2.1%, Diplococcus pneumoniae 1.8% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1.6%. (2) The species and their relative incidences of bacteria, isolated from the pyelonephritis cases, were E. coli, 39.5%, coliform bacilli 13.5%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9.3%, Proteus 7.4%, Staphylococcus albus 4.6%, α-hemolytic streptococcus 4.6%, Staphylococcus aureus 2.8%, Klebsiella pnemoniae 2.8%, and Alkaligenes fecalis 2.8%. (3) The species and their relative incidences of bacteria, isolated from the osteomyelitis cases, were Staphylococcus aureus 46.5%, β-hemolytic streptococcus 12%, Staphyococcus albus 12%, coliform bacilli 6.9%, α-hemolytic streptococcus 6.9%, paracolon bacilli 5.2% and E. coli 3.5%. (4) The species and their relative incidences of bacteria, isolated from the surgical infections were Staphylococcus aureus 33%, E. coli 15.1%, coliform bacilli 11.6%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 10.7%, paracolon bacilli 9.8%, Proteus 7.1%, α-hemolytic streptococcus 3.5%, Klebsiella pneumoniae 2.7%, and Alkaligenes fecalis 0.9%. (5) The species and their relative incidences of bacteria, isolated from the pneumonia cases, were Diplococcus pneumoniae 14.4%, Klebsiella pneumoniae 9.6%, Staphylococcus aureus 10.3%, β-hemolytic streptococcus 4.8%, paracolon bacilli 4.8%, E. coli 3.4%, coliform bacilli 3.4%, α-hemolytic streptococcus 34.6% and Staphylococcus albus 13.6%. (6) 44 strains of Salmonella group D were isolated. (7) 207 cases of Salmonella typhosa infections, 39 cases of Salmonella paratyphi A infer ctions and 20 cases of Salmonella paratyphi B infections were diagnosed by Widal. Reactions. (8) No significant change in the yearly pattern between the bacterial species isolated and clinical cases was noticed. 2. Drug-sensitivities of the bacterial strains. (1) Percentage of Staphylococcus aureus strains sensitive to streptomycin, chloramphenicol. Or terramycin appeared to have fluctuated by year. Percentages of the strains sensitive to penicillin, erythromycin albamycin, and kanamycin were 25%, 85%, 99% and 99% respectively, without significant change by year. (2) Perentage of E. coil strain's sensitive to streptomycin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol albamycin and kanamycin were 30%, 9% 70%, and 70% respectively, without significant change by year. Percentage of the strains sensitive to terramjcin decreased from 33.3% in 1963 to 11.6% in 1967 to kanamycin increased from 72% in 1963 to 82% in 1967. None of the strains was sensitive to penicillin. (3) Percentage of proteus strains sensitive to penicillin, terramycin, streptomycin and chloramphenicol were 5%, 3%, 36% and 39%, respectively, without significant change by year. Percentage of the strains sensitive to albamycin decreased from 72.5% in 1963 to 50% in 1967 and to kaiiainycin increased from 72% in 1963 to 82% in 1967. None of the strain was sensitive to erythromycin. (4) Percentage of Pseudomonas strains sensitive to penicillin, streptomycin chloramphenicol, terramycin, erythromycin, albamycin and kanamycin were wider 20% (5) Percentage of coliform bacilli strains sensitive to penicillin, streptomycin, chloramn henicol, terramycin, erythromycin and albamycin were 10%, 24%, 28%, 20% and 10% respectively, without significant change by year. Percentage of the strains sensitive to albamycin appeared to have fluctuated by year. The strains sensitive to kanamycin decreased from 80% in 1963 to 56% in 1967. (6) Pereeentage of paracolon bacilli sensitive to penicillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, terrahiycin, erythromycin, kanamycin and albamycin were 3%, 27%, 33%, 20%, 8%, 80% and 65% respectively, without significant change by year.

RCP 8.5 기후변화 시나리오에 따른 소나무림과 굴참나무림의 산림 탄소 동태 변화 추정 연구

이종열 ( Jong Yeol Lee ),한승현 ( Seung Hyun Han ),김성준 ( Seong Jun Kim ),장한나 ( Han Na Chang ),이명종 ( Myong Jong Yi ),박관수 ( Gwan Soo Park ),김춘식 ( Choon Sig Kim ),손영모 ( Yeong Mo Son ),김래현 ( Rae Hyun Kim ),손요환 한국농림기상학회 2015 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.17 No.1

산림은 많은 양의 탄소를 저장하고 있으며, 산림 탄소 동태는 기후변화에 따라 변화할 것으로 예상된다. 본 연구는 우리나라 산림에서 가장 우점하는 침엽수종과 활엽수종인 소나무림과 참나무림을 대상으로 최근 개발 및 개선된 한국형산림토양탄소모델(Korean ForestSoil Carbon model; KFSC model)을 이용하여 두 가지 기후변화 시나리오(2012년 기온이 2100년까지 유지되는 시나리오(CT), Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP) 8.5 시나리오) 하에서의 산림 탄소 동태를 예측하였다. 5차 국가산림자원조사 자료로부터 소나무림과 굴참나무림 조사구들을 추출한 뒤, 이를 행정구역(9개 도, 7개 특별·광역시) 및 영급(1-5영급, 6영급이상)별로 분류하여 탄소 동태 모의 단위를 설정하였다. 탄소 저장고는 2012년을 기준으로 초기화하였으며, 모의 기간인 2012년부터 2100년까지 모든 교란은 고려하지 않았다. 모의 결과 산림 탄소 저장량은 시간이 경과함에 따라 전반적으로 증가하지만, CT 시나리오에 비하여 RCP 8.5 시나리오 하에서 산림 탄소 저장량이 낮게 나타났다. 소나무림의 탄소 저장량(Tg C)은 2012년에 260.4에서 2100년에는 각각 395.3(CT 시나리오) 및 384.1(RCP 8.5 시나리오)로 증가하였다. 굴 참나무림의 탄소 저장량(Tg C)은 2012년에 124.4에서 2100년에는 219.5(CT 시나리오) 및 204.7(RCP 8.5 시나리오)로 각각 증가하였다. 5차 국가산림자원조사 자료와 비교한 결과, 고사유기물 탄소 저장량의 초기값은 타당한 것으로 나타났다. 모의 기간 동안 소나무림과 굴참나무림의 연간 탄소 흡수율(g C m-2 yr-1)은 CT 시나리오 하에서 각각 71.1과 193.5, RCP8.5 시나리오 하에서 각각 65.8과 164.2로 추정된다. 따라서 우리나라 소나무림과 굴참나무림의 탄소 흡수잠재력은 지구 온난화에 의하여 감소할 것으로 예상된다. 비록 모델의 구조와 파라미터로부터 불확실성이 존재하지만 본 연구는 미래 산림 탄소 동태 파악에 기여할 것으로 기대된다. Forests contain a huge amount of carbon (C) and climate change could affect forest C dynamics. This study was conducted to predict the C dynamics of Pinus densiflora and Quercus variabilis forests, which are the most dominant needleleaf and broadleaf forests in Korea, using the Korean Forest Soil Carbon (KFSC) model under the two climate change scenarios (2012-2100; Constant Temperature (CT) scenario and Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenario). To construct simulation unit, the forest land areas for those two species in the 5th National Forest Inventory (NFI) data were sorted by administrative district and stand age class. The C pools were initialized at 2012, and any disturbance was not considered during the simulation period. Although the forest C stocks of two species generally increased over time, the forest C stocks under the RCP 8.5 scenario were less than those stocks under the CT scenario. The C stocks of P. densiflora forests increased from 260.4 Tg C in 2012 to 395.3 (CT scenario) or 384.1 Tg C (RCP 8.5 scenario) in 2100. For Q. variabilis forests, the C stocks increased from 124.4 Tg C in 2012 to 219.5 (CT scenario) or 204.7 (RCP 8.5 scenario) Tg C in 2100. Compared to 5th NFI data, the initial value of C stocks in dead organic matter C pools seemed valid. Accordingly, the annual C sequestration rates of the two species over the simulation period under the RCP 8.5 scenario (65.8 and 164.2 g C m-2 yr-1 for P. densiflora and Q. variabilis) were lower than those values under the CT scenario (71.1 and 193.5 g C m-2 yr-1 for P. densiflora and Q. variabilis). We concluded that the C sequestration potential of P. densiflora and Q. variabilis forests could be decreased by climate change. Although there were uncertainties from parameters and model structure, this study could contribute to elucidating the C dynamics of South Korean forests in future.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

만성 정신분열증 환자에서 Paroxetine과 Haloperidol 병합투여시 정신병리증상과 Haloperidol, Reduced Haloperidol 혈중농도의 변화

한창수,이민수,김표한,Han, Chang Su,Lee, Min Soo,Kim, Pyo Han 대한생물정신의학회 1996 생물정신의학 Vol.3 No.2

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs), as haloperidol, ore metabolized in the cytochrome P450IID6. They can cause inhibition of metabolism of antipsychotics to elevate the serum level of antipsychotics and exacerbate the extrapyramidal symptoms when co-administered with antipsychotics. Among these SSRIs, there ore a few studies about paroxetine compared to fluoxetine or sertraline. In this study, we have intended to know the drug interaction of paroxetine and haloperidol when co-administered two drugs for the chronic schizophrenics by assessing the changes of positive, negative symptoms and extrapyramidal symptoms. for this purpose, we selected 29 subjects, the chronic schizophrenics with no physical problems. They were under maintenance therapy of haloperidol. They ore randomly assigned to placebo group(n=12) and drug group(n=17) by using double blind method. And then, placebo or paroxetine 20mg were administered to the subjects of each groups during 8 week period. We have assessed their psychopathology and extrapyramidal symptoms using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS), Hamilton Rating Scale lor Depression(HRSD), Simpson-Angus Scale at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks and serum haloperidol, reduced haloperidol levels at 0, 4, 8 weeks during the period. The results ore analysed by using repeated measure MANOVA. 27 subjects have completed the study during 8 weeks. among the subjects, 1) PANSS, HRSD ; no significant difference between groups. 2) Simpson-Angus Scale ; no significant change according to the time and no significant difference between the groups(no group and time effect). 3) Haloperidol and reduced haloperidol level ; no significant change. When co-administered paroxetine and haloperidol, there ore no significant changes of the psychopothology and no significant changes of the extrapyramidal symptoms. In this result, paroxetine seems to be not to affect the metabolism of haloperidol.

가강수량의 변화패턴과 기후인자와의 상관성 분석

이다래 ( Darae Lee ),한경수 ( Kyung Soo Han ),권채영 ( Chaeyoung Kwon ),이경상 ( Kyeong Sang Lee ),서민지 ( Minji Seo ),최성원 ( Sungwon Choi ),성노훈 ( Noh Hun Seong ),이창석 ( Chang Suk Lee ) 대한원격탐사학회 2016 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.32 No.3

수증기는 지구 장파 복사에너지의 주요 흡수인자이다. 따라서 수증기량의 변화를 모니터링하고 변화의 원인을 세밀하게 조사하는 것은 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 위성관측에 의해 얻어지는 Total Precipitable Water (TPW)자료를 사용하여 가강수량의 변화패턴을 모니터링 하고자 한다. 또한 기후인자들 중 수증기를 통해 생성되어 수증기의 변화패턴을 분석하는데 있어 중요한 역할을 하는 강수량과 다른 기후인 자들에 비해 비교적 주기적으로 나타나는 엘니뇨를 통해 가강수량의 변화패턴과 기후인자와의 상관성분석을 실시하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 TERRA/AQUA 위성의 Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroadiometer (MODIS) 센서를 통해 관측된 TPW의 장기적인 변화와 한반도 중남부지방의 강수량변화를 정량적으로 분석 하고, 이들의 관계를 엘니뇨와 함께 비교하였다. 이를 통해 엘니뇨의 발생이 한반도 중남부지방의 강수량과 TPW의 변화에 영향을 주고 있는 지에 대해 조사하고자 한다. 먼저, 시계열 분석을 통해 TPW와 중남부지방 강수량의 변화를 정량적으로 산출하고 anomaly분석을 통해 이들의 변화를 세밀하게 분석한 결과 서로 반대 의 양상을 띠는 부분이 발견되어 엘니뇨의 anomaly분석결과와 비교하였다. 그 결과 대부분 같은 양상을 띠고 있던 TPW와 강수량이 엘니뇨가 발생한 후 서로 반대의 양상을 띠는 것을 확인하였다. Water vapor is main absorption factor of outgoing longwave radiation. So, it is essential to monitoring the changes in the amount of water vapor and to understanding the causes of such changes. In this study, we monitor temporal variability of Total Precipitable Water (TPW) which observed by satellite. Among climate variables, precipitation play an important part to analyze temporal variability of water vapor because it is produced by water vapor. And El Nino is one of climate variables which appear regularly in comparison with the others. Through them, we analyze relationship between temporal variability of TPW and climate variable. In this study, we analyzed long-term change of TPW from Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroadiometer (MODIS) data and change of precipitation in middle area of Korea peninsula quantitatively. After these analysis, we compared relation of TPW and precipitation with El Nino. The aim of study is to research El Nino has an impact on TPW and precipitation change in middle area of Korea peninsula. First of all, we calculated TPW and precipitation from time series analysis quantitatively, and anomaly analysis is performed to analyze their correlation. As a result, TPW and precipitation has correlation mostly but the part had inverse correlation was found. This was compared with El Nino of anomaly results. As a result, TPW and precipitation had inverse correlation after El Nino occurred. It was found that El Nino have a decisive effect on change of TPW and precipitation.

MODIS 16-Day Albedo 자료를 이용한 동북아시아 지역의 토지피복 별 알베도 변화 분석

박은빈 ( Eun Bin Park ),한경수 ( Kyung Soo Han ),이창석 ( Chang Suk Lee ),피경진 ( Kyung Jin Pi ) 대한원격탐사학회 2012 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.28 No.5

알베도는 지구 복사균형을 이루는 요소 중에서 지표의 에너지 균형에 직접적으로 영향을 주는 인자로 알려져 있다. 이러한 알베도 변화는 토양 수분량, 식생, 태양광의 입사 각도, 적설 등의 변화를 포함하여 지구 복사균형과 그것이 기후와 식생 변화에 미치는 영향력을 이해할 수 있는 결정적인 변수로 작용한다. 따라서 알베도 변화 모니터링은 기후 변화 예측에서 필요한 과정 중 하나이다. 본 연구에서는 동북아시아의 알베도 변화를 관측하기 위하여 2001년부터 2011년의 MODIS Albedo 16-Day 자료를 이용하였다. 연간알베도 변화에서 식생이 활발한 토지피복의 알베도 값이 NIR 밴드에서 높은 알베도 값을 VIS 밴드에서 낮은 알베도 값을 가짐을 확인하였고, 2002년을 기준으로 고비사막 부근과 만주지역의 알베도 값이 변화를 보여 식생 변화 지역으로 사료되어 세부 연구영역으로 선정하였다. 또한 최솟값의 변화로 두 지역 모두 2010년 이후 식생이 악화됨을 감지할 수 있었다. Albedo is known as a factor that directly impacts on the surface energy balance one of the elements of earth radiation balance. The change of albedo includes the change of soil moisture, vegetation, solar zenith angle, snow, and so on. In addition, it operates as a crucial path to understanding feedback mechanisms between radiation balance and its influence on climate and vegetation dynamics and therefore, observing the variation of albedo is a one of the essential procedures for anticipating climate change. In this study, we used MODIS 16-Day composited Albedo data from 2001 to 2011 years with the purpose of observing the change of albedo over Northeast Asia. According to the tendency of albedo for 11 years, albedo in the area of an active vegetation has increased in near-infrared (NIR) domain and decreased in visible (VIS) domain. On the basis of local changes in vegetation in 2002, the both area of the Gobi Desert and the Manchuria was enormously changed and chosen the research area and furthermore, the vegetation of both regions had deteriorated due to the change of the minimum value since 2010.

Fluoxetine과 Haloperidol의 병합투여시 정신병리 및 추체외로 증상의 변화

이민수,한창수,김제원,원경식,곽동일,Lee, Min-Soo,Han, Chang-Su,Kim, Jae-Won,Won, Kyung-Sik,Kwak, Dong-Il 대한생물정신의학회 1997 생물정신의학 Vol.4 No.1

본 연구는 정신분열증 환자 38명을 대상으로 하여 haloperidol과 fluoxetine을 8주간 병합투여 하였고, PANSS, CGI, Simpson-Angus 척도를 투여전과 투여후 2, 4, 6, 8주에 시행하여 임상증상 및 추체외로 부작용을 평가하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 8주간의 연구기간동안 양성, 음성증상의 유의한 변화가 없었다. 2) 8주의 연구기간동안 추체외로 부작용의 증가가 나타나지 않았다. 이는 기존 연구에서 fluoxetine에 의해 haloperidol의 혈중농도가 증가하여 효과 및 부작용이 증가한다는 연구보고와는 다르며, 이 결과는 haloperidol과 fluoxetine의 병합사용을 안전하게 할 수 있다는 것을 의미한다고 하겠다. Objectives : The authors have intended to know the drug interaction of fluoxetine and haloperidol when coadministering two drugs to the chronic schizophrenics by assessing the changes of positive, negative symptoms and extrapyramidal symptoms. Method : We selected 38 patients, the chronic schizophrenics with no physical problems. they are randomly assigned to placebo group and drug group. And then, placebo or fluoxetine 20mg were administered to the subjects of each group during 8 week period. We have assessed their psychopatholgy and extrapyramidal symptoms using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS), Clinical Global Impression(CGI), Simpson-Angus Scale at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 week during the period. Results : 38 patients have completed the study during 8 weeks. 1) PANSS, CGI : no significant difference between groups and no significant change according to the times. 2) Simpson-Angus Scale : no significant changes. Conclusion : When co-administering fluoxetine and haloperidol, there were no significant changes of psychopathology and extrapyramidal symptoms. These results suggest that it is safe to coadminister fluoxetine to schizophrenic patients with haloperidol treatmemt.

측두하악장애 치료 후 하악 안정위의 고경 변화에 관한 연구

김창현,한경수 원광대학교 치의학연구소 2003 圓光齒醫學 Vol.12 No.3

This study was performed to investigate the change of the mandibular vertical dimension, especially at the several rest positions, induced by speech and swallowing after treatment of temporomandibular disorders and to compare the vertical dimemion among those several mandibular rest positions. Thirty patients with temporomandibular disordem participated in this study, and the mean follow-up period after the first visit was 9.7 months. Clinical parameters related to pain, mandibular mobility, occlusion, and parafunction were examined. Subjects were asked to sit upright with relaxed natural head posture and then the two mandibular movements were performed, and recorded with BioEGN of Biopak system(Bioresearch Inc., Milwaukee, USA). A sentence of 'Sue is missing her house' was used to record the speech pattern. The positions observed and named in speech movement were rest, 'ssi', 'her', 'ha', and 's' position, and in swallowing movement were rest before swallowing, swallowing-early, swallowing-late, 0.5 sec. after swallowing, and rest after swallowing. Data obtained were processed and analysed by SPSS windows(ver. 10.0) program, and the results of this study were as follows: The mandibular positions showing vertical difference between before and after treatment were 'her', 'ha', and 's' in speech, and were swallowing-late, 0.5 sec. after swallowing, and rest after swallowing in swallowing. All these positions were located in the late half of the movements and the vertical dimension of rest positions in swallowing were increased after treatment. Rest positions in both of the movements did not show any significant difference for the vertical distance from habitual intercuspal position among them before treatment, however, which were changed and allowed differentiation after treatment. The vertical dimension of rest positions ranged 1.0-2.5mm in both of the movements. The ratio of the maximum opening range at the swallowing-late position in swallowing movement to the maximum Opening range at the 'ha' position in speech before and after treatment were 31% and 36%, respectively. Correlation between the vertical dimension of rest positions and the clinical maximum opening range were significantly negative at the 'mi' and 's' position only in speech movement before treatment. In conclusion, it was not easy to decide which position of all the mandibular positions observed in speech and in swallowing was the optimal mandibular rest position. However, the author suggested that the optimal mandibular rest position could be induced by and after swallowing movement.

혐기화 시간에 따른 활성슬러지의 물리·화학적 특성변화

이창한,나영수,김도한,이송우,송승구 한국환경과학회 2002 한국환경과학회지 Vol.11 No.4

Physico-chemical properties of the activated sludges(Suyoung and Changlim treatment plant). such as SVI(sludge volume index), absorbance, specific surface area, and specific resistance using Buchener funnel test were investigated with changing anaerobic storage time. This experimental condition was found that it was possible to estimate a linear relationship between their parameters such as specific area, specific resistance, and sludge volume index(SVI). The specific surface area and the specific resistance to filtration of the activated sludges of Suyoung and Changlim treatment plant were found as 123.6~136.6㎡/gDS and 41.5 ~ 44.9㎡/gDS(dry solid), and 1.09×10^14 ~ 5.48×10^14m/㎏, respectively. The results gave a good linear relationship between the specific surface area and the specific resistance. r=2.25×10^12s-8.10×10^13(R^2=0.8885) at Suyoung treatment plant and r=1.26×10^13s-4.75×10^14(R^2=0.8756) at Canglim treatment plact.