항정신병약물 사용 중인 정신분열병 환자에서 올란자판으로의 교체 방법에 관한 연구(II) : Comparison of Safety 안전성 비교

안용민,권용실,권준수,민성호,박두병,양문정,소형석,송종호,신윤식,우행원,유범희,이홍석,정한용,한창환,김용식 大韓神經精神醫學會 2002 신경정신의학 Vol.41 No.5

연구목적: 이 다기관 공동임상연구는 사용 중인 항정신병약물을 ’직접 교체 방법’또는 ’시작-감량 교체 방법’중 한 가지 방법으로 올란자핀으로 교체한 후, 안정성 측면에서 두 교체 방법 간의 비교와 교체후의 변화를 관찰하기 위한 것이다. 방법: 국내 13개 병원의 입원 및 외래에 내원한 환자들 중 ICD-10 지단기준으로 정신분열병에 해당되며, 임상적으로 항정신병약물 교체가 필요한 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 두 가지 교체 방법 중 한 가지를 무작위로 피험자에 적용하였으며, ’직접 교체 방법’에 배정된 경우에는 사용중인 항정신병약물을 일시에 중단하고 10㎎의 올란자핀을 바로 투여하였고, ’시작-감량 교체 방법’에 배정된 경우는 10㎎의 올란자핀 투여하고 2주에 걸쳐서 기존 약물을 감량하여 중단하였다. 올란자핀 사용기간은 총 6주이며, 용량은 5∼20㎎ 범위로 제한하였다. 한정성 평가를 위해서 체중, 생명징후, 자발적인 이상반응 복, 실험실 검사 그리고 Simpson-Angus Scale(SAS), Barnes akathisia rating scale(BARS), Abnormal involuntary movement scale(AIMS). Liverpool University neuroleptic side effect rating scale(LUNSERS)등을 이용하였다. 결과: 총 103명의 정신분열병 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 사용한 올란자핀의 용량, 벤조디아제핀의 병용률, 탈락률과 탈락 사유, 자발적인 이상반응 보고, 생명징후, 실험실 검사 그리고 대부분의 부작용 척도 상에서 임상적으로 의미 있는 차이를 두 교체 방법간에 발견하지 못하였다. 다만 AIMS의 감소는 ’직접 교체 방법’군에서 보다 적었고, 항콜린제의 병용률은 ’시작-감량 교체 방법’군에서 보다 많았다. 기저 상태에서 전체 피험자의 SAS와 BARS 점수는 각각 3.5점과 1.8점이었으며 70% 이상의 피험자가 고프로락틴 혈증을 보였다. 올란자핀으로 교체한 후, SAS, BARS, AIMS 점수의 유의한 감소가 있었으며 고프로락틴 혈증을 보인 피험자 분율도 약 30%이하로 감소하였다. 그러나 교체 방법과 상관없이 올란자핀 교체 후 유의한 체중 증가가 있었다. 결론: 이 연구를 통해 교체 방법에 관계없이 비교적 안전하고 용이하게 올란자핀으로 교체 할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 기존 항정신병약물을 올란자핀으로 교체함으로써 일부 부작용들을 줄일 수 있음을 간접적으로 관찰할 수 있었다. 하지만 이 연구는 여러 제한점과 문제점을 지니고 있기 때문에 보다 체계적인 연구를 통해 검정이 필요하리라 생각된다. Objectives: This multicenter clinical trial involving 13 hospital sites compared the safely of switching to olanzapine between ’direct switching method’ and ’start-tapering switching method’. Method: This study included both inpatients and outpatients who fulfilled the criteria for schizophrenia as defined in the ICD-10, and were in need to be appropriate for switching antipsychotics. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of the two switching methods. For ’direct switching method’group, previous antipsychotics were abruptly discontinued and 10㎎ of olanzapine was administered, and previous antipsychotics was gradually tapered for 2 weeks. Olanzapine was used for 6 weeks and the dose was adjusted within the range of 5-20㎎. The safety of switching to olanzapine was measured with vital sings including body weight, adverse events reported spontaneously, laboratory tests, and various scales such as Simpson-Angus Scale(SAS), Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale(BARS). Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale(AIMS), and Liverpool University Neuroleptic Side Effect Rating Scale(LUNSERS). Results: 103 patients were switched to olanzapine in this study. The comparison between two switching methods did not show any significant difference in the dosage of olanzapine used, the concomitant use of benzodiazepine, the rate and reasons of drop-out, the adverse events, vital signs, laboratory tests, and most scales for measuring side-effects. However, the decrease in AIMS scores was significantly lower in ’direct switching method’ group, and the concomitant use of anticholinergics was comparatively greater in ’start-tapering switching method’ group. At baseline, SAS and BARS scores were 3.5 and 1.8 points respectively, and more than 70% of the subjects showed hyperprolactinemia. After switching to olanzapine, SAS, BARS, and AIMS scores were significantly decreased and the proportion of the patients with hyperprolactinemia was also decreased to less than 30%. However significant weight gain after the treatment of olanzapine was observed regardless of switching method. Conclusion: This study may suggest that switching to olanzapine can be done with relatively high safety regardless of switching methods and olanzapine can significantly decrease some side-effects induced by other antipsychotics.

국내 정형외과 의료소송 현황 파악

이원(Won Lee),이미진(Mi Jin Lee),김용민(Yong Min Kim),우찬명(Chan Myung Woo),김소윤(So Yoon Kim),김양수(Yang-Soo Kim) 대한정형외과학회 2016 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.51 No.3

목적: 국내 정형외과 관련 의료소송 판결문의 분석을 통하여 정형외과 의료소송의 현황과 원인이 된 과정을 파악하고자 함이다. 대상 및 방법: 소송시작이 2005년부터 2010년인 정형외과 의료소송 판결문 341건을 대상으로 하여 빈도분석을 실시하였다. 결과: 사건 발생 시점에서 소송 종결 시점까지의 평균 소요기간은 4.22년이었다. 의료소송의 원인이 된 과정은 수술이 46.3%였고, 수술의 종류는 척추 수술이 가장 많았다. 사고의 결과는 장애가 가장 많았고, 최종심 결과는 원고일부승이 40.5%, 원고패(기각)가 34.3%였다. 감염은 전체 중 26.1%에서 발생하였고, 손해배상 청구금액은 평균 181,998,036원이었으며 인용금액은 평균 58,897,161원이었다. 결론: 정형외과 의료소송으로 이어진 의료사고의 주요 원인 과정은 수술이 가장 많았고, 그 중에서도 척추 수술이 가장 많았다. 추후 의료사고의 근본 원인분석을 통해 의료사고를 줄이고 재발을 방지하기 위한 후속 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다. Purpose: Through the analysis of orthopedics lawsuit rulings, the purpose of this study is to understand the current trends of medical lawsuits in orthopedics in Korea. Materials and Methods: An analysis of medical lawsuits in orthopedics was conducted. As the study method, a quantitative analysis was performed on 341 cases. Results: The average period of lawsuits, from the occurrence of the medical accident to end of the ruling, took an average of 4.22 years. The most frequent procedure that was the main cause of the medical accidents was surgery, at 46.3%. When surgery is the main procedure that caused the medical accidents, the result of examining the types of surgeries showed that spine surgery had the highest percentage. For the outcome of the accident, the highest number of cases resulted in disability and for the final court outcome, 40.5% ruled partially in favor of the plaintiff (the patient) with acknowledgement of only the damage incurred due to medical error of the total sum claimed, and dismissal of the claim made by the plaintiff (patient) accounted for 34.3%; 26.1% of cases develop infection. For the amount of claim for damage, the average amount of claim was 181,998,036 won; in the judgement amount, the average amount of judgement was 58,897,161 won. Conclusion: The most frequent procedure in orthopedics was surgery and spine surgery comprised a large proportion of these surgeries. Future studies to determine root causes of medical accidents should be conducted to reduce medical lawsuits and to plan against the repeating of medical accidents.

Prevention of medical malpractice and disputes through analysis of lawsuits related to coronary angiography and intervention

Cheol Won Hyeon,Won Lee,So Yoon Kim,Ji Yong Park,Su Hwan Shin 대한내과학회 2020 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.35 No.3

Background/Aims: Possible fatal complications arising from coronary angiography (CAG), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and coronary artery disease itself, are likely to cause medical disputes. Presenting the current status and reasons for judgments given in lawsuits related to CAG/PCI, this study aimed to identify ways to prevent unnecessary disputes and medical malpractice suits related to CAG/PCI through lawsuit analysis. Methods: A total of 13 cases (20 judgments) found in the Supreme Court of Korea’s Written Judgment Management System from 1998 to 2017 were analyzed. Results: Coronary artery injury was the most common causative complication that led to lawsuits (n = 6, 46%). Six cases (46%) were ruled in favor of the plaintiff for violation of duty of care (n = 4) and duty of explanation (n = 2), respectively. Cases that violated duty of care included two errors in intra-procedure device manipulation, one in pre-procedure diagnosis, and one in management of post-procedure complication. Lack of explanation regarding the risk of complications was pointed out in both cases that violated duty of explanation. The average awarded amount for the damages was 114,436,064 Korean won. Conclusions: Physicians need not fear unfair judgments so long as they follow standard of care because the Court consistently looked at the probability, the foreseeability, and the evidence. Therefore, maintaining standard of care is important. Besides, specific, detailed, and comprehensible explanations, including the risk of complications in addition to the necessity of procedures, are important to ensure the patient clearly understands the possible risk of adverse outcomes.

온수배관을 이용한 온실의 난방성능

윤용철(Yong Cheol Yoon),신익수(Yik Soo Shin),김현태(Hyeon Tae Kim),배승범(Seoung Beom Bae),최진식(Jin Sik Choi),서원명(Won Myung Suh) (사)한국생물환경조절학회 2012 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.21 No.2

본 연구는 온실의 난방 에너지 절감을 목적으로 온실 내부에 알루미늄 온수배관을 설치하여 난방효과에 대한 기초자료를 구축하고자 수행되었다. 그 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 전체 실험을 포함하여 온실내의 높이별 온도편차는 4.0~7.0℃ 정도의 범위로서 그 차이가 크게 나타났다. 팬코일유니트(FCU)를 작동시킨 경우가 작동시키지 않은 경우에 비해 유출입수의 온도차가 3.3℃ 정도 크고, 소비전력량은 36.2~40.1% 정도 증가하였으며, 시간당 방열량은 44.6~52.0% 정도 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 실험기간동안 순환유량은 0.48~0.49L · s<SUP>?1</SUP> 정도의 범위에 있었고, 평균유속은 1.53~1.56m · s<SUP>?1</SUP> 정도였다. 유출입수의 평균 온도차는 6.24~11.50℃이었다. 최저 외기온 ?14.0~?0.6℃ 범위에서 설정온도별 방열량은 135,930~307,150㎉ 정도의 범위로서 시간당 9,610~19,630㎉ · h<SUP>?1</SUP> 정도의 범위에 있었다. 이것은 최대난방부하의 약 23~53% 정도의 난방에너지를 공급할 수 있을 것으로 나타났다. 전체 방열량과 소비전력량은 각각 2,548,306㎉ 및 3,075.7㎾h이다. 화석연료인 경유로 난방할 경우, 소요되는 경유의 총 소비량은 281.6L 정도이고 비용은 321,000won인 것으로 나타났다. 농가용 전력요금을 적용하면 전력사용에 대한 총비용은 110,730won 정도로서 경유 소비 비용의 33.5% 정도로 나타났다. 실험구의 온도가 대조구보다 약 8.3~14.6℃ 정도 높게 나타났다. This research was conducted to obtain basic data with regard to the heating performance that would be produced by installing an aluminum hot water pipe inside the greenhouse with the goal of reducing the heating energy in greenhouse. The research results are summarized as follows. The degree of difference in relation to the temperature by height within the greenhouse during the entire experiment was significant - within the range of 4.0~7.0℃. The temperature difference between incoming and outgoing water was about 3.3℃ greater when FCU was activated compared to when it was not activated. Meanwhile, the amount of energy consumed increased about 36.2~40.1%. The amount of pyrexia per hour also increased by 44.6~52.0%. During the experiment period, circulated flux was within the range of 0.48~0.49 L · s<SUP>?1</SUP> while average fluid speed was 1.53~1.56 m · s<SUP>?1</SUP>. The average temperature difference between incoming and outgoing water was 6.24~11.50℃. The amount of heating value by each set temperature within the minimum outdoor temperature range of ?14.0~?0.6℃ was 135,930~307,150 ㎉, and the range was within the 9,610~19,630 ㎉ · h<SUP>?1</SUP> per hour. This demonstrated that about 23~53% heating energy of the maximum heating load could be supplied. Total radiating value and amount of energy consumed were 2,548,306 ㎉ and 3,075.7 ㎾h, respectively. When heating takes place using oil, which is a fossil fuel, the total amount of light oil consumed was 281.6 L while the cost was 321,000 won. When the electricity cost for farms is applied, the total cost was about 110,730 won, which is about 33.5% of the cost required compared to oil consumption. The temperature at in the experiment area was about 8.3~14.6℃ higher compared to that of the control area.

전기 방열기가 국화재배온실의 난방에 미치는 영향

서원명 ( Won Myung Suh ),임재운 ( Jae Woon Leem ),김영주 ( Young Ju Kim ),민영봉 ( Young Bong Min ),김현태 ( Hyeon Tae Kim ),허무룡 ( Moo Ryong Huh ),윤용철 ( Yong Cheol Yoon ) 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원(구 경상대학교 농업자원이용연구소) 2010 농업생명과학연구 Vol.44 No.4

경상대학교 교내에 설치되어 있는 1-2W형 온실을 대상으로 전기 방열기를 이용하여 국화 재배온실의 난방효과를 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 실험기간동안 최고, 평균 및 최저 외기온은 각각 -3.8~21.3℃, -5.2~16.1℃ 및 -12.5~14.4℃ 정도의 범위로 나타났으며, 온실 내외의 평균상대습도 각각 43.5~98.6% 및 35.2~100%로 나타났다. 12월 중순부터 2월 상순까지 최저 외기온은 대략 -5.0~-10.0℃ 전후로 나타나 진주기상대의 최근 자료와 비교하면 상대적으로 최저기온이 낮게 나타나는 경향이 있었다. 야간의 경우, 방열기 직하부의 엽온이 방열기 중간 지점에서 측정한 엽온 보다 크게 2~3℃정도 높게 나타나거나 또는 미미하지만 약간 높게 나타나는 경향이 있었다. 근권부의 경우, 직하부나 중간 지점에서의 온도 차이는 거의 없는 것으로 나타났고, 근권부의 최고온도와 기타 최고 온도의 발생 시점을 보면, 약 2시간정도의 지체현상이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 실험기간동안 난방에 소요된 총 소비전력량, 공급에너지 및 총 난방비는 각각 2,800kWh, 2,408,000kcal 및 112,000won 정도였다. 화석연료인 경유로 난방할 경우, 총 난방비는 224,500won 정도였다. 방열기를 이용하여 난방할 경우, 난방비를 약 50% 정도 줄일 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다. An analysis in heating effects of an electric radiator located in a 1-2W type chrysanthemum (3 cultivars) cultivation greenhouse installed in Gyeongsang National University drew the following conclusions. During the experiment period, the highest, average, and the lowest outside temperatures were in the ranges of -3.8~21.3℃, -5.2~16.1℃ and -12.5~14.4℃, respectively, and the average relative humidity inside and outside the greenhouses were in the ranges of 43.5~98.6% and 35.2~100%, respectively. From mid-December to early February, the lowest outside temperature was recorded as approximately -5.0~-10.0℃, which showed that it tended to be relatively lower than the temperatures recorded at the Jinju Meteorological Observatory. During the night, the leaf temperature measured directly under the radiator tended to be higher by 2~3℃ than that those at the middle point of the radiator, or higher by anegligible amount. In the case of root zone temperature, it was found that there was almost no difference between temperatures of the part directly under and the middle point, and the time when the highest temperature of root zone and other highest temperatures took place showed that there was about a 2-hour delay phenomenon. The total electricity consumption, energy supply and total heating cost during the experiment period were 2,800 kWh, 2,408,000 kcal and 112,000 won, respectively. When diesel, a kind of fossil fuel, was used as heating oil, the total heating cost was around 224,500 won. It was estimated that the total heating cost could be reduced by around 50% if a radiator was used.

통풍형 방음벽 개발 및 적용에 관한 연구

윤제원(Je-Won Yoon),김영찬(Young-Chan Kim),김금모(Keum-Mo Kim),장강석(Kang-Seok Jang),구본성(Bon-Sung Ku),엄주용(Joo-Yong Eom) 한국소음진동공학회 2011 한국소음진동공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.10

The purpose of this study is to develop an air-passing soundproofing panel with more improved structure to reduce the CO2 emission and installation cost. To reduce the emission of CO2 ; it is suggested to choose low CO2 emission material relative to the aluminum and to reduce the materials by developing a specially designed air-passing soundproofing panel structure. First of all, we performed the flow analysis to predict the wind pressure according to the open angle of the air-passing soundproofing panel and the noise level analysis at the receiver point. To verify the simulation, a prototype of the soundproofing panel was made. The flow test in the wind tunnel and load test were performed. The economic evaluation for the installation of the air-passing soundproofing panel was performed and specifications of the installation was prepared. As the results of this research, it was verified that the wind load was reduced about 40% to that of the conventional one at 25m/s wind speed in the wind tunnel test. By applying the 4m span soundproofing wall with air-passing soundproofing panel and under the cost of 250 thousand won/m2 instead of the conventional 2m span panel, the installation cost will always be lowered than the conventional one in the combination of (60:40~50:50) conventional to air-passing soundproofing panel from the economic evaluation. The 20% reduction of CO2 was found by changing the 50% of aluminum soundproof panel to air-passing soundproofing panel.

현행 중등학교 과학 실험 , 실습 교육 실태 조사 및 그 운영 진단 (Ⅱ) : 고등학교 과학 실험 , 실습 교육을 중심으로

김영호,이윤종,정원우,강용희,양승영,윤성효,안병호,윤일희,권용주,임성규,오철한,기우항,전명남,김중욱 한국과학교육학회 1998 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.18 No.3

본 연구는 96년도에 실시한 우리 나라 중학교 과학 실험·실습 교육의 실태 조사 연구에 따른 계속 연구의 일환으로 고등학교 과학 실험·실습 교육의 실태를 조사하기 위한 것이다. 연구내용은 고등학교 과학 교과서의 분석, 실험·실습 실시 현황 분석, 현행 실험·실습 교육의 문제점 분석, 현행 학교 구성원들의 실험·실습 교육 운영 실태 조사 및 현행 실험·실습 교육의 개선을 위한 연구과제 도출을 주요 연구내용으로 다루었다. 연구방법은 전국의 고등학교 80개교를 대상으로 이들 학교의 학생 1,977명, 교사 165명, 학교장 80명에게 적용하였다. 본 연구에서 밝혀진 결과를 중심으로 우리 나라 고등학교 과학 실험 실습 교육의 정상화를 위한 실험 내적인 연구과제를 제시하면 다음과 같다. (1)교재 개발에 대한 연구, (2)실험 킷트 개발에 대한 연구, (3)교사교육 및 재교육 프로그램 개발에 대한 연구, (4)교실 밖 실험·실습 활동 프로그램 개발에 대한 연구, (5)과학 실험·실습 소재의 개발에 대한 연구. This study was accomplished to analysis and survey on the experimental and practical science education of high school in korea for the consecutive study of the an analysis and survey on the experimental and practical science education of middle school in korea(Lee, Yoon-Jong et al., 1997). The status of facilities, management for the experiment, practices, teaching methods in high schools have been investigated. The present status and reasonable management of the high school science education have been grasped from the questionaires. To do this 165 high school science teachers, 1977 students and 80 principals of high schools in Korea are administered questionaires of Science Education Research Institute of Kyungpook National University(1997). The results of this study are as follows : The reasonable management for experiments and practices of science education were scanty in the high school around the urban and rural school owing to the shortage of facilities and equipments, crowded class, excessive class works for teacher, excessive contents of present textbooks and insufficiency of the administrative supports etc. The current teaching method of high school science has emphasized knowledge. This fact does not satisfy the objective of learning due to lack of the teaching method. Desirable directions for the improvement of present status of high school science education were proposed in this paper.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

Capsaicin으로 유도된 신경성 염증반응에 미치는 상백피의 영향

윤창용,신동환,홍충만,이원규,장동덕,채옥희,강경진,이무삼 대한해부학회 1999 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.32 No.1

제조기업의 생산성향상을 위한 체질중심적 작업할당 연구

윤상원,신용백 한국생산성학회 2001 生産性論集 Vol.15 No.1

We detect lots of problems on the manufacturing spot because of working results done without considering the aptitude and inherited temper(constitution, blood type, male and female) of the worker, and they lead to results not only the occupational disease and the cause of industrial accidents but also quality deterioration and productivity reduction in point of view of manufacturing management. For the purpose of solving these problems, this study is performed by grasping the correlation sasang constitutions and job characteristic of small & medium enterprises. We classify sasang constitutions to four types : so-yang-in type, tae-yang-in type, tae-em-in type, so-em-in type by the utilization of QSCC II and the doctor aid of oriental medicine. This study tries to identify significant features between major jobs resulting from sasang constitution types in a specific small & medium enterprise producing electronic productions(CCTV). The results of this case study indicated that sasang constitution types influenced job types. Under the working conditions that virtual reality scene photographed by video camera are running, also the effects of brain function of each worker using Electroencephalograms(EEGs) are investigated. An statistical analysis of experiments conducted shows the various changes of brain waves (α, β, θ, δ waves). By means of these study results, we can identify that sasang constitutions should be applied to contribute much to quality advancement and productivity improvement through a comparative study on the job characteristic.