국산 Lidocaine 알칼리화를 위한 Bicarbonate 혼합시 침전유발 최소량에 대한 고찰

이선호,김현수,곽인숙,안원식,최관호,김광민,손민제 대한마취과학회 2000 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.39 No.5

Background : When local anesthetics for regional anesthesia is used, usually small amounts of bicar-bonate are added for rapid onset. This addition gives the mixed solution a more alkaline pH. The following result is an increased unionized form of the local anesthetic and rapid penetration of the drug into tiissue. Unfortunately, no data about adequate mixing volumes of domestic lidocaine and bicarbonate is available. Methods : We examined six mixing pairs of two kinds of 2% lidocaines and three kinds of 8.4% bicarbonates for minimum volumes of bicarbonate to cause a precipitation of 2% 20 ml lidocaine. Results : The mean volumes of bicarbonate to cause precipitation were 1.54 ml for Kwang-Myung lidocaine with Kwang-Myung bicarbonate, 2.90 ml for Kwang-Myung lidocaine with Dae-Won bicarbonate, 2.73 ml for Kwang-Myung lidocaine with Je-Il bicarbonate, 0.97 ml for Je-Il lidocaine with Kwang-Myung bicarbonate, 1.26ml for Je-Il lidocaine with Dae-Won bicarbonate and 1.39 ml for Je-Il lidocaine with Je-Il bicarbonate. Conclusions : We conclude that the Kwang-Myung lidocaine and the Je-Il lidocaine could cause precipitation when mixing with a smaller bicarbonate volume than foreign textbook recommended. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2000; 39: 726-729)

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

경동맥 내막 절제술 후 발생한 과관류 증후군 1예

송희정,박광열,정진상,조수진,이순정,허승,김동익,이광호,이병붕 대한신경과학회 1999 대한신경과학회지 Vol.17 No.2

정신분열병에 대한 Risperidone의 효과 및 안전성에 관하여

신석철,왕성근,지익성,이선우,이규광,이봉희,이진영,황선희,신용재,배경도,김정란 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1997 충남의대잡지 Vol.24 No.1

In order to evaluate the efficacy and safety of risperidone, 10 patients with chronic schizophrenia were examined for 8 weeks in a silgle-open study. After the wash-out period of 1 week, risperidone was administered. Efficacy was evaluated by means of Positive and Negative syndrome Scale for Schizophernia(PANSS) and Clinical Global Impression(CGI). Safety assessment included the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale(ESRS), vital signs, body weight, ECG, and laboratory tests. The results were as follows 1) On the PANSS total score, there was significant improvement of total score after 1 week (P<.05) of administratiom. 2) On the PANSS positive and negative subscal, there were significant improvement of posotive and negative scores after 2 weeks (P<.05) of administration. 3) On the PANSS general psychopatholgy subscals, there were significant improvement of general psychopathologyscores after 1 week (P<.05) of administratiom. 4) On the CGI, there was significant decreasement of clinical impression of severity of schizophrenia score after 2 week (P<.05) of administration. 5) A statistically significant increase in body weight (P<.05) was observed after 8 weeks of administration. 6) EPS reached the peak at the end of the 1st week of administration of risperidone (11.8± 24.25) but they were easily relieved by addition of benztropine and clonazepam. There was not significant change in laboratory tests, vital sign, ECG after 8 weeks of administration. These results suggest that Risperidone is an effective antipsychotics and clinically safe except for increased body weight in chronic schizophrenia.

8.3% Carbamide Peroxide 함유 펜 형 자가미백제인 BIancTis Forte의 색조개선 및 안전성에 관한 임상연구

이진경,민선홍,홍성태,오소람,정신혜,황영혜,유성엽,배광식,백승호,이우철,손원준,금기연 대한치과보존학회 2009 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.34 No.2

This clinical study evaluated the whitening effect and safety of polymer based-pen type BlancTis Forte(NIBEC) containing 8.3% carbamide peroxide. Twenty volunteers used the BlancTis Forte whitening agent for 2 hours twice a day for 4 weeks As a control. Whitening Effect Pen (LG) containing 3% hydrogen peroxide was used by 20 volunteers using the same protocol. The change in shade (ΔE^(*) color difference) was measured using Shadepilot™ (DeguDent) before, during and after bleaching (2 weeks, 4 weeks and postbleaching 4 weeks). A clinical examination for any side effects (tooth hypersensitivity or soft tissue complications) was also performed at each check-up. The following results were obtained. 1 Both the experimental and control groups displayed a noticeable change in shade (ΔE) of over 2 No significant differences were found between the two group (p>0.05) implying that the two agents have a similar whitening effect. 2 The whitening effect was mainly due to changes in a and b values rather than in L value (brightness). The experimental group showed a significantly higher change in b value thus yellow shade than the control(p < 0.05) 3 None of the participants complained of tooth hypersensitivity or soft tissue complications confirming the safety of both whitening agents 8.3%의 carbamide peroxide를 함유한 펜형 코팅용 미백제인 BlancTis Forte (NIBEC, Seosul & JinCheon)를 실험군으로, 3% hydrogen peroxide를 함유한글 Whitening Effect Pen (LG. Seoul) 제재를 대조군으로 각각 피험자 20명에게 2시간씩 1일 2회 제조사의 지시대로 치아표면에 4주간 적용하도록 지시하고 색조개선 효능과 안전성을 평가하였다. 미백 효과는 미백 전 및 미백 2주, 4주 및 미백 종료 4주 후에 Shadopilot™을 이용하여 색 변화를 측정하였고, 매 내원시기마다 모든 환자는 치수생활력 검사와 치주 및 치태 검사를 통해 부작용 여부 (치아과민증 및 구감 내 연조직의 부작용)를 기록한 후 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1.실험군 및 대조군의 색 변화량 (ΔE)은 2이상으로 인지할 수 있는 색 변화를 보였으며, 두 제품 간에는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않아 (p > 0.05) 유사한 미백효능을 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 2,미백효과는 명도의 개선보다는 주로 a. b값의 변화에 의한 것으로 특히 실험군에서 b값의 변화, 즉 황색조의 개선효과가 대조군에 비해 유의성 있게 높은 것으로 나타났다 (p <0.05). 3.치아나 치은의 과민증이나 이상증상을 호소하는 피험자는 없어 두 제품 모두 안전성을 확인할 수 있었다.

비커스 압입법에 의한 치과용 세라믹 재료의 균열진전 특성 평가

이용승,최원호,박광선,유창영,배태성 大韓齒科器材學會 2001 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.28 No.1

This study was performed to examine the microstructural aspects of crack propagation under static loading conditions in three dental ceramic materials : A feldspathic porcelain of VMK95, a heat-pressed ceramic of IPS-Empress and an alumina-glass composite of In-Ceram. Disc specimens were prepared to the final dimensions of 12 ㎜ in diameter and 2 ㎜ in thickness. Vickers indentation was made at load range of 2.9∼196.1 N, and the indentation pattern and radial cracks were examined. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1.The ratios of half-diagonal and indentation load P, 1nc/1nP, were fitted to about 1/2 but showed the increase according to the increase of hardness. 2.The ratios of radial crack length c and indentation load P, 1nc/1nP, were fitted to about 1/2 in semi-elliptical Palmqvist crack but 2/3 in median/half-penny crack. 3.The higher the hardness number is, the longer the radial crack length becornes at the same loading condition. 4.Fracture surfaces of the VMK95 and IPS-Empress showed the toughening mechanism of crack bridging by the dispersed leucite crystals, but In-Ceram showed the frictional interlocking of jogs having the tendency of toughening by crack deflection, rather than by crack bridging.

Base Emitter Codiffusion 소자 제조 및 전기적 특성 고찰

李善東,金政彦,朴淳太,梁光鎭,洪昌熹 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1990 硏究報告 Vol.14 No.2

In the time when we fabricated the NPH bipolar transistor the temperature annealing was needed. Then the properties of transistor was damaged because of inducing the silicon lattice defects. In this paper, proposed codiffusion method was able to control of junction depth by implant energy, dose concentration, diffusing temperature and annealing time control. In addition to, we studied for developed the transistor of high speed switching.

體育敎育의 理解에 觀한 調査硏究 : Focusing on the students of girls' high school 女高生 中心으로

李면榮,申光植,安洵換 덕성여자대학교 학생생활연구소 1987 學生生活硏究 Vol.7 No.-

The purpose of this study is to find how the students of girls' high school understand physical education. Conclusions are as follows. 1. Most students understand that physical education is an education for the whole person who is well balanced in a body and mind. And they think that physical education is health education through physical activities. 2. Students recognize that physical education is good for the healthy growth of body and mind. 3. Students show the difference of attitude according to the physical condition and the favorite sport. 4. Students are not concerned about an interest of physical education. 5. Some studnts like the class of physical education because of mental health it brings. But others do not like it because of their physical weakness. 6. In a school life, physical education gives a positive attitude, cooperation, power of conbination and a diversion. And its role is to raise effieiency to other lasses. 7. Students point out that the quality of physical education (the teaching method and contents)should be improved. 8. Students say that the dificiency of equipment checks the efficient physical education. 9. Students say that the possession of equipment does not fulfill. 10. Most students like to have physical education lesson on Saturday, Wednesday and Monday. 11. Students like to have physical education in the afternoon than in the morning. 12. Students want to learn tennis and swimming. But they can't learn it because there is no equipment in the school.

장애 영·유아 조기발견 및 진단·평가 방안 연구

이미선,강병호,김주영,조광순 국립특수교육원 2001 연구보고서 Vol.- No.6

본 연구는 유아특수교육 분야에 있어 장애영·유아 조기발견 및 진단·평가의 중요성을 인식하고, 조기발견 및 진단-평가의 대상이 되는 우리 나라 유아특수교육 대상자의·새로운 정의와 기준 및 장애영·유아 조기발견 및 진단·평가 방안을 모색함으로써 향후 이들의 장애를 예방하거나 최소화하고, 교육 및 가족의 삶의 질을 향상시키며, 궁극적으로는 이들의 사회통합 강화와 국가 예산의 절감 효과를 가져오도록 하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위해 본 연구에서는 장애영·유아 사정 단계별 개념과 절차 및 최근의 사정 동향과 쟁점, 우리 나라와 주요 선진국의 장애영·유아 조기발견 및 진단·평가 정책과실제에 관한 문헌을 분석하였고, 유아특수교육기관의 교사, 유아특수교육기관에 재학하고 있는 장애영·유아 부모, 그리고 기타 장애영·유아 조기발견 및 진단·평가 관련 전문가를대상으로 심층면담을 실시하였으며, 연구자 협의회를 개최하였다. 본 연구는 문헌분석, 심층면담 분석 및 연구자 협의회 결과를 모두 종합하여 다음과 같은 방안을 제시하였다. 첫째, 1차 예방적 접근에 따라 우리 나라 유아특수교육 대상자의 새로운 정의와 기준을규정하되, 비범주적 접근인 '발달지체'라는 개념을 도입한다. 따라서, "장애영·유아"는 유아특수교육을 필요로 하는 만 6세 미만의 아동을 말하며, 인지발달, 언어(의사소통) 발달,사회·정서발달, 운동발달, 자조기술(적응행동)에 심각한 발달지체를 나타내는 경우로서 발달지체 기준에 부합하는 경우, 의학적 진단에 의한 장애 조건, 기타 심리·정신적 문제를 가진 아동 및 장애위험 아동을 포함한다. 이 때, 발달지체를 판정할 수 있는 기준으로서 양적 기준과 질적 기준을 모두 사용한다. 둘째, 장애아동을 조기에 발견하기 위해 조기발견 정책은 발견·등록 및 관리·진단 대상 아동의 정의, 대중 인식 프로그램의 실시, 의뢰체계 구축, 주 선별담당 기관에 의한 주기적인 선별검사 실시, 해당 아동의 등록·관리, 장애 가능성이 있는 아동의 진단 의뢰,조기발견에 대한 인식 유지 활동 등의 절차에 의해 체계적으로 이루어지도륵 한다. 셋째, 장애영 유아 특성에 적절한 진단·평가 절차와 방법에 관한 지침을 개발하고, 아동 및 부모 모두에게 중요한 의사결정이 이루어지는 유아특수교육 대상자의 적격성 판정 및교육기관 배치를 위한 진단 단계와 IEP 개발을 위한 평가 단계의 최소한의 중요 요소는 법규로 제정하며, 보다 구체적인 진단·평가 절차와 방법은 각 시·도 교육과정 편성·운영지침이나 지역교육청의 장학 자료로 사용될 수 있도록 널리 보급한다. 또한, 현재 시범 운영되고 있는 특수교육지원센터는 수요자들의 접근성 및 인적·물적 자원의 이용이 용이한특수학교에 우선 설치한다. 특수교육지원센터는 진단·평가팀을 구성하여 운영하되, 한정된 예산 및 전문가의 활용 가능성 등을 고려하여 진단·평가팀 구성원의 탄력적인 조직,연중 상시의 진단보다는 연중 정해진 날의 질단 실시, 의학적 진단을 포함한 다양한 분야의 종합적인 진단이 이루어지도록 한다. 진단·평가팀은 종합적인 진단 결과에 기초하여아동의 유아특수교육 대상자로서의 적격성과 교육기관 배치를 결정하도록 한다. 넷째, 선별, 진단, 교육 프로그램 계획, 아동의 진전 점검 등 각 사정 단계에 따른 다양한 사정도구 즉, 선별검사, 표준화 규준참조형 사정도구, 교육과정중심 사정도구를 국가차원의 지원 하에 개발하거나 외국의 것을 재표준화한다. 또한, 다양한 비형식적 가족진단 검사를개발하여 가족 요구,관심사 및 강점 등을 사정할 수 있도록 한다. 다섯째, 아동을 조기에 발견하고, 발견된 아동을 정화하게 진단하며, 이들에게 적절한중재 프로그램을 계획하기 위해 유아(특수)교육 교사나 관련 전문가들을 대상은로 하늘 선별요원 양성 과정, 유차특수교육 교사를 대상으로 한 장애영 '유아 진단'평가요원 연수과정을 개선하여 실시한다. 또한, 의료 보건 전문의를 비롯한 유아특수교육 관련 분얀의 전문가들이 다양한 분야의 전문가들을 서로 만나서 토의하고 협력할 수 있는 연수 혹은 워크숍의 기회를 제공하고, 이들의 직전교육을 강찬한다. 사정 과정에 있어 교사를 포함한 관련 전문가들은 가족참여의 중요성을 인식하곤, 가족과 동반자적인 관계를 구축하고 긴밀하게 협력하며, 가족을 다학문적팀의 완전한 구성원으로 인정해야 한다. 또한, 사정 과정에 가족들이 보다 적극적으로 참여할 수 있도록 부모에게 친숙한 사정 자료를 사용하거나 교사와 부모간의 사정 결과를 공유하는 등 다양한 전략을 사용하도록 한다. 마지막으로, 장애위험 영·유아 및 장애영아를 무상의 유아특수교육 대상자로 포함시키되, 순차적으로 실시하며, 장애아동의 조기발견, 진단·평가 및 이에 따른 교육 서비스가 효율적으로 이루어지도록 중앙정부 수준부터 지역사회 수준에 이르기까지 관련 부처간 협력체계를 구축하고, 이를 위해 관련 부처간 혹은 관련 기관간 협의체를 구성한다. 또한, 장애아동의 조기발견 정책을 보다 효율적으로 추진할 수 있도록 조기발견 시범사업을 실시 하고 이에 대한 예산을 지원하도록 한다. 조기발견 시범사업에 의해 도출된 선별의 효과, 비용 및 참여율 등의 평가 결과는 추후 조기발견 사업 계획에 적극 반영하도록 한다. Based on the recognition of the importance of early detection(child-find and screening) of ifants and preschoolers with disabilities along with their . diagnosis, and evaluation in the field of early childhood special education, the purpose of this study is to set a new definition and eligibility criteria for those who are subject to early detection, diagnosis, and evaluation; and to find strategies that will help early detecaon, diagnosis, and evaluation in order to henceforth prevent or minimize their disability, improve the quality of education of infants and preschoolers with disabilities and their families' living and eventually strengthen their social integration and reduce the national budget. To achieve the purpose of this study, Iiterature related to the concept and procedure of assessment by stage of ifants and preschoolers with disabilities, along with the recent tendencies and issues, policies and practices of child-find, screening, diagnosis, program planning, and program evaluation of infants and preschoolers with disabilities in Korea and developed nations were analyzed; in-depth interviews were conducted with teachers from education institutions for ifants and preschoolers with disabitities, mothers whose children attend the institutions, and other specialisls who are relevant to the field of early detection, diagnosis, and evaluation of infants and preschoolers with disabilities; and conferences by the researchers of this study were held several times. Putting together the results from the aforementioned analysis of literature, in-depth interviews, and conferences, this study presents the following strategies. First, according to the primary prevention appreach, form the new definition of children who receive early childhood special education and eligibility criteria for early childhood special education, but introduce the notion of "developmerltal delay" which is an un-categorical approach. Therefore, infants and preschoolers with disabilities refer to children under age 6 who need early childhood special education, and this includes children who show developmental delays in cognitive development, language(communication) development, social-emetional development, physical developent, and self-help stills(adaptive behaviors) that meet the criteria for developmental delays pesented in this study, children who are medically diagnosed to have disabled conditions, children who have other psychological or mental poblems, and children at risk Here, both quantitative and qualitative standards are used as the criteria to determine developental delays. Secorid, in order to detect children with disabilities at an early stage, systematic pocedures should be introduced in the policr of early detection such as defining the children who is subject to discovery, registration and tracking, and diagnosis; providing pblic awareness programs; establishing referral systems; carrying out screening tese that will be conducted periodically by the main sneening institution; registering and tracking pertinent children; referring children who show possibilities of disabilities to be diagnesed; and maintaining awareness on early detection. Third, develop guidelines for diagnosis and evaluation that are appropriate to the characteristics of infents and preschoolers with disabilities; regulate by law and regulation the minimum important elements that relate to·assessment process for diagnosis to make an eligibility and placement decision of the childreri who will receive early childhood special education, which will be important decision-making both for the children and parents and that relate to the assessment pocess for IEP development; and spread more detailed pocedures and mrthods so that they can be used as guidelines for the developerlt and management of the curriculum at the metropolitan and provinrial level or as materials for supervision at regional level. In addition establish special education support centers, which are currently being operated as the model, at special schools that are easily accessible by demanders and that are easy to acquire human and material resources. Special education support centers should form and operate multidisciplinary assessment teams. However, they should take in consideration aspects such as limited budget and availability of multidisciplinaiy specialists, and make flexible composition of assessment teams, operating on fixed days throughout the year rather than ordinary times year round, and making comprehensive diagnosis of various fields, including medical diagnosis. The assessment teams should allow the compehensive diagnosis results to be the basis of eligibility for a subject to receive early childhood special edtlcation and for placement of education institiltions. Fourth, develop various instruments aided by the government such as screening tests, standardized nom-referenced assessment instruments, assessment curriculum-based assessment instruments, or re-standardize appopriate foreign assessment instruments for each assessment stage, which indudes stages such as screening, diagnosis, program planning, and progress monitoring. Furthermore, develop various informal family diagnosis instruments to assess the family’s piorities, concerns, and strengths. Fifth, in order to find children with disabilities at an early stage; correctlydiagnose the discovered children; and plan appropriate inteuention program forthenL provide early childhood (special) education teachers and pe.tinent specialistswith training programs that teach the process of screening. Allow early childhoodspecial education teachers to receive training programs that teach how to diagnoseand evaluate infanc and peschoolers with disabilities. Ill additiof povide the opportunities of in-service training or wortshops so that specialists in various fieldsrelating to early childhood special education, including medical care professionals, can meet to discuss and cooperate, and strengthen their pre-service training programs. Teachers and specialists should be aware of the importance of flmily participation in the assessment process, and they should build partnership, keep close cooperation, and acknowledge the family as a full meuber of the multidisciplinaly assessment team. They should also allow the parents and other flmily members to participate even more actively by strategies such as usirg assessment materials that is familiar to the parents or having joint ownership of the assessment results between parents and teachers. Last, include infants and preschoolers at risk of disabilities and infants wilh disabilities as the subjects to receive free early childhood special education, but conduct it gradually. Also, establish collaborative systems among those from fields of education, medical service, and welfare from the central government to the regional level, so that early detection, diagnosis, evaluation of children with disabilities and education services can run effectively, and for this there must be a council of collaboration among related departments or institutions. Moreover, to promote an even more effective policy to find children with disabilities at an early stage, a model program for early detection should be conducted and the budget for this should be granted. Evaluation results such as screening effectiveness, budget used, and the rate of participation in the screening should be deduced from the model program, and afterwards positively reflected in the project of the early detection programs.

장애인 입소시설과 특수학교의 구강건강관리 실태에 대한 조사 연구

이광희,김대업,하순영,박종석 대한소아치과학회 2000 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.27 No.2

전국의 123개 장애인 입소시설과 102개 특수학교를 대상으로 구강건강관리 실태를 파악하여 장애인의 구강건강관리 계획을 수립하는 데 사용할 수 있는 근거를 마련하고자 하였다. 설문지 조사법으로 연구하였다. 정기구강검진은 특수학교에서 연2회 실시하고 있었으나, 장애인 입소시설에서는 56.8%에서 시행하였다. 우식 예방 프로그램은 장애인 입소시설의 69.1%, 특수학교의 86.3%에서 시행하였으며 프로그램의 종류는 입소시설에서 규칙적 칫솔질이 58.1%, 특수학교에서 예방교육이 65.7%로 가장 많았다. 불소를 이용한 우식예방은 입소시설과 특수학교에서 각각 8.6%, 11.8%에서 시행하고 있었으며, 열구전색은 각각 6.8%, 6.9%에서 시행하였다. 치과치료를 시행하고 있는 입소시설과 특수학교에서는 각각 84.2%, 39.2%이었고, 입소시설에서 치료를 받기 위해 이용하는 곳은 치과의원(60.2%), 보건소(16.8%), 자원봉사자(15.3%), 대학병원(1.0%) 등이었다. 치료를 위해 치과의원에 방문하여 치료를 거부당한 경험이 있는 응답자는 17.7%이었다. 주요어 : 장애인, 입소시설, 특수학교, 정기구강검진, 우식예방, 치과치료. The purpose of study was to investigate the oral health care status in institutions and special schools for the disabled in Korea. Nurses in 123 institutions and nurse-teachers in 102 special schools were asked to fill questionnaires regarding periodic oral examination. preventive dental programs, and dental treatment. The results of this study were as follow. 1.56.8% of institutions implemented regular oral examinations and all of special schools did it twice a year. 2.Preventive programs for dental caries were done in 69.1% of the institutions and 86.3% of the special schools. Programs included regular toothbrushing and dental health education. 3.Dental treatment was done in 84.2% of the institutions and 39.2% of the special schools. Institutions utilized private dental clinics(60.2%), public health centers(16.8%), volunteers(15.3%), and dental hospitals. 4.17.7% of the institutions experienced the refusal to treat the disabled by private dental clinics.