Projections of summertime ozone concentration over East Asia under multiple IPCC SRES emission scenarios

Lee, Jae-Bum,Cha, Jun-Seok,Hong, Sung-Chul,Choi, Jin-Young,Myoung, Ji-Su,Park, Rokjin J.,Woo, Jung-Hun,Ho, Changhoi,Han, Jin-Seok,Song, Chang-Keun Elsevier 2015 Atmospheric environment Vol.106 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We have developed the Integrated Climate and Air Quality Modeling System (ICAMS) through the one-way nesting of global–regional models to examine the changes in the surface ozone concentrations over East Asia under future climate scenarios. Model simulations have been conducted for the present period of 1996–2005 to evaluate the performance of ICAMS. The simulated surface ozone concentrations reproduced the observed monthly mean concentrations at sites in East Asia with high R<SUP>2</SUP> values (0.4–0.9), indicating a successful simulation to capture both spatial and temporal variability. We then performed several model simulations with the six IPCC SRES scenarios (A2, A1B, A1FI, A1T, B1, and B2) for the next three periods, 2016–2025 (the 2020s), 2046–2055 (the 2050s), and 2091–2100 (the 2090s). The model results show that the projected changes of the annual daily mean maximum eight-hour (DM8H) surface ozone concentrations in summertime for East Asia are in the range of 2–8 ppb, −3 to 8 ppb, and −7 to 9 ppb for the 2020s, the 2050s, and the 2090s, respectively, and are primarily determined based on the emission changes of NO<SUB>x</SUB> and NMVOC. The maximum increases in the annual DM8H surface ozone and high-ozone events occur in the 2020s for all scenarios except for A2, implying that the air quality over East Asia is likely to get worse in the near future period (the 2020s) than in the far future periods (the 2050s and the 2090s). The changes in the future environment based on IPCC SRES scenarios would also influence the change in the occurrences of high-concentrations events more greatly than that of the annual DM8H surface ozone concentrations. Sensitivity simulations show that the emissions increase is the key factor in determining future regional surface ozone concentrations in the case of a developing country, China, whereas a developed country, Japan would be influenced more greatly by effects of the regional climate change than the increase in emissions.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Change in ozone level is determined by the combination of NO<SUB>x</SUB> and NMVOC emissions. </LI> <LI> Ozone level over East Asia would get worse in the near future (the 2020s) than far future. </LI> <LI> A high-concentration event generally increases and more frequently occurs in the future. </LI> <LI> Change in ozone air quality in a developing country depends more on emissions change. </LI> <LI> Change in ozone air quality in a developed country depends more on climate change. </LI> </UL> </P>

아세틸 콜린 유발 검사시 허혈성 심전도 변화와 흉통의 발생이 내피세포 기능장애에 미치는 영향

최철웅(Cheol Ung Choi),나승운(Seung-Woon Rha),김선원(Sun Won Kim),나진오(Jin Oh Na),임홍의(Hong Euy Lim),김진원(Jin Won Kim),김응주(Eung Ju Kim),한성우(Seong Woo Han),박창규(Chang Gyu Park),서홍석(Hong Seog Seo),오동주(Dong Joo Oh) 대한임상노인의학회 2010 대한임상노인의학회지 Vol.11 No.4

연구배경: 아세틸 콜린 유발 검사시 발생하는 흉통과 허혈성 심전도 변화가 아세틸 콜린에 의해 발생하는 관상동맥의 내피세포 기능에 어떤 영향을 주는지 알아보고자 했다. 방법: 흉통으로 내원하여 관상동맥 조영술과 아세틸 콜린 유발검사를 시행받은 1,085명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 아세틸 콜린 유발 검사를 하는 동안 허혈성 심전도 변화 및 흉통의 발생 유무에 따른 관상동맥 내피세포 기능의 특징을 비교하였다. 결과: 539명의 환자에서 아세틸 콜린 검사시 내피세포 기능 장애가 발생 하였다. 허혈성 심전도 변화가 있었던 그룹이 심전도 변화가 없었던 그룹보다 흉통이 더 많았고(78.1% vs. 60.8%, P=0.007), 관상동맥 조영술상 다발성 관상동맥 경련이 빈번하였고(59.4% vs. 40.6%, P=0.004), 관상동맥의 경련 정도도 더 심하였다(64.1% vs. 46.5%, P=0.006). 흉통이 있었던 그룹이 흉통이 없었던 그룹보다 허혈성 심전도 변화의 빈도가 더 높았다(14.7% vs. 7.5%, P=0.007). 또한 흉통이 있었던 그룹이 관상동맥 경련이 다발성으로 발생하는 경우가 많았고 (50.7% vs. 29.5%, P<0.001), 미만성으로 발생하는 경우가 많았고(87.1% vs. 75%, P<0.001), 관상동맥의 경련의 정도도 더 심하였다(51.6% vs. 43.5%, P=0.041). 결론: 아세틸 콜린 유발검사시 발생하는 허혈성 심전도 변화와 흉통은 관상동맥 경련의 정도와 경련이 발생하는 관상동맥 개수와 연관이 있다. Background: ECG changes and chest pain during acetylcholine (Ach) provocation tests may constitute important clinical parameters for Ach-induced endothelial dysfunction. We investigated the association between ischemic ECG changes and chest pain during the Ach-provocation test and angiographic characteristics of Ach-induced endothelial dysfunction. Methods: A total of 1,085 patients with anginal symptoms underwent diagnostic coronary angiography (CAG) and Ach-provocation tests. We compared angiographic characteristics of Ach-induced endothelial dysfunction according to the presence of ECG change and chest pain. Results: A total of 539 patients experienced Ach-induced endothelial dysfunction. Patients who experienced ECG change group suffered more frequent chest pain (78.1% vs. 60.8%, P=0.007), angiographically more frequent multiple coronary artery spasm (59.4% vs. 40.6%, P=0.004), and more severe coronary artery spasm (64.1% vs. 46.5%, P=0.006) than patients without ECG change. However, there was no difference in the length of endothelial dysfunction between the groups. The incidence of ischemic ECG changes in patients with chest pain was higher than in patients without chest pain (14.7% vs. 7.5%, P=0.007). Patients who experienced chest pain more often experienced multiple (50.7% vs. 29.5%, P<0.001), diffuse (87.1% vs. 75%, P<0.001), and severe coronary artery spasm (51.6% vs. 43.5%, P=0.041) than patients without chest pain. Conclusion: Ischemic ECG changes and chest pain during the Ach-provocation test are associated with multi-vessel involvement and severe coronary artery spasm. Chest pain is associated with the length of endothelial dysfunction, but ischemic ECG change is not.

感染性 疾患의 臨床疫學的 硏究

張友鉉,朴熙明,金漢壽,李承薰 現代醫學社 1969 現代醫學 Vol.10 No.4

The advancement of modern medicine, particularly the application of effective chemotherapeutics and preventive measures, have brought significant changes on the ecological aspect of microbial diseases of man. It was thought worthwhile to study the recent trends and present status of microbial infections in this country. Thus, the relative incidences and their etiological relationships of bacterial species, the pattern of drug sensitivities among the strains, and also the cases diagnosed by the serological methods were studied for the patients of SNU Hospital from January 1963 to December 1967. The results might be summarized as follows; 1. Relationships between bacteria and diseases (1) The species and their relative incidences of bacteria, isolated from various abscess, were α-hemolytic streptococcus 26.6%, Staphyloccus aureus 22.6%, paracolon bacilli 9.9%, coliform bacilli 8.1%, Klebsiella pneumoniae 7.6%, E. coil 6.9%, β-hemolytic streptococcus 5.9%. Staphylococcus albus 3.8%. Proteus 3.8%. Alkaligenes fecalis 2.1%, Diplococcus pneumoniae 1.8% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1.6%. (2) The species and their relative incidences of bacteria, isolated from the pyelonephritis cases, were E. coli, 39.5%, coliform bacilli 13.5%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9.3%, Proteus 7.4%, Staphylococcus albus 4.6%, α-hemolytic streptococcus 4.6%, Staphylococcus aureus 2.8%, Klebsiella pnemoniae 2.8%, and Alkaligenes fecalis 2.8%. (3) The species and their relative incidences of bacteria, isolated from the osteomyelitis cases, were Staphylococcus aureus 46.5%, β-hemolytic streptococcus 12%, Staphyococcus albus 12%, coliform bacilli 6.9%, α-hemolytic streptococcus 6.9%, paracolon bacilli 5.2% and E. coli 3.5%. (4) The species and their relative incidences of bacteria, isolated from the surgical infections were Staphylococcus aureus 33%, E. coli 15.1%, coliform bacilli 11.6%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 10.7%, paracolon bacilli 9.8%, Proteus 7.1%, α-hemolytic streptococcus 3.5%, Klebsiella pneumoniae 2.7%, and Alkaligenes fecalis 0.9%. (5) The species and their relative incidences of bacteria, isolated from the pneumonia cases, were Diplococcus pneumoniae 14.4%, Klebsiella pneumoniae 9.6%, Staphylococcus aureus 10.3%, β-hemolytic streptococcus 4.8%, paracolon bacilli 4.8%, E. coli 3.4%, coliform bacilli 3.4%, α-hemolytic streptococcus 34.6% and Staphylococcus albus 13.6%. (6) 44 strains of Salmonella group D were isolated. (7) 207 cases of Salmonella typhosa infections, 39 cases of Salmonella paratyphi A infer ctions and 20 cases of Salmonella paratyphi B infections were diagnosed by Widal. Reactions. (8) No significant change in the yearly pattern between the bacterial species isolated and clinical cases was noticed. 2. Drug-sensitivities of the bacterial strains. (1) Percentage of Staphylococcus aureus strains sensitive to streptomycin, chloramphenicol. Or terramycin appeared to have fluctuated by year. Percentages of the strains sensitive to penicillin, erythromycin albamycin, and kanamycin were 25%, 85%, 99% and 99% respectively, without significant change by year. (2) Perentage of E. coil strain's sensitive to streptomycin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol albamycin and kanamycin were 30%, 9% 70%, and 70% respectively, without significant change by year. Percentage of the strains sensitive to terramjcin decreased from 33.3% in 1963 to 11.6% in 1967 to kanamycin increased from 72% in 1963 to 82% in 1967. None of the strains was sensitive to penicillin. (3) Percentage of proteus strains sensitive to penicillin, terramycin, streptomycin and chloramphenicol were 5%, 3%, 36% and 39%, respectively, without significant change by year. Percentage of the strains sensitive to albamycin decreased from 72.5% in 1963 to 50% in 1967 and to kaiiainycin increased from 72% in 1963 to 82% in 1967. None of the strain was sensitive to erythromycin. (4) Percentage of Pseudomonas strains sensitive to penicillin, streptomycin chloramphenicol, terramycin, erythromycin, albamycin and kanamycin were wider 20% (5) Percentage of coliform bacilli strains sensitive to penicillin, streptomycin, chloramn henicol, terramycin, erythromycin and albamycin were 10%, 24%, 28%, 20% and 10% respectively, without significant change by year. Percentage of the strains sensitive to albamycin appeared to have fluctuated by year. The strains sensitive to kanamycin decreased from 80% in 1963 to 56% in 1967. (6) Pereeentage of paracolon bacilli sensitive to penicillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, terrahiycin, erythromycin, kanamycin and albamycin were 3%, 27%, 33%, 20%, 8%, 80% and 65% respectively, without significant change by year.

출산에 따른 그레이브스병의 재발 및 관련이자

임창훈,최현아,한승석,김해성,이창욱,정호연,한기옥,장학철,박원근,윤현구,한인권 대한내분비학회 2002 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.17 No.2

Background: Pregnancy affects the course of Graves' Disease (GD), and patients who initially maintain euthyroid function into their middle trimester with minimum doses of antithyroid drugs become exacerbated after delivery. Even patients who are completely cured, requiring no treatment during pregnancy, can relapse after delivery. In this study, we examined the postpartum changes in the thyroid functions of patients with GD, and attempted to determine the factors contributing to these changes. Methods: The study subjects were recruited from pregnant women visiting our outpatient clinic for routine prenatal evaluations. 45 women previously diagnosed with GD, who had been treated and cured with hyperthyroidism, and were no longer taking any thyroid medications, were evaluated for 1 year post delivery. Results: Among 45 patients, 20 (44.4%) developed thyroid disorders following delivery. Postpartum thyroiditis (PPT) developed in 8 patients (17.8%), and GD developed in 12 (26.0%). The onset of the PPT disease 3.1 ± 1.4 months following delivery, which was significantly earlier than the 6.7 ± 2.7 months required for the post delivery onset of GD (p=0.003). The TBII values, measured during the thyrotoxic state in each womaen, were negative in women with PPT and positive in 71.4% of women with GD (p=0.030). The duration of treatment for hyperthyroidism prior or pregnancy, the number of recurrences, and the time interval without treatment, were not associated with the development of postpartum thyroid disorders. Whereas, the mean number of past pregnancies for women who developed PPT was 3.9 ± 2.1, and was significantly higher than the 2.2 ± 1.7 for women developing no thyroid dysfunctions (p=0.044). In 13 women their initial onset of GD occurred within one year postpartum, 7 (53.8%) having had a recurrence, which was significantly higher than in women whose disease onset occurred unrelated to delivery (5 of 32 women: 15.6%). Conclusion: Women with GD developed postpartum thyroid dysfunctions in 44.4% of cases. Women whose initial disease onset occurred within one year postpartum had higher recurrences of GD, and women who developed PPT had a history of higher gravidity compared to the euthyroid women postpartum. Therefore, if women with GD develop postpartum thyroid dysfunctions, the diagnosis should be made, and a treatment modality planned, following careful considerations of the patients' past obstetric history, changes in clinical manifestations and the TBII values

RCP 8.5 기후변화 시나리오에 따른 소나무림과 굴참나무림의 산림 탄소 동태 변화 추정 연구

이종열 ( Jong Yeol Lee ),한승현 ( Seung Hyun Han ),김성준 ( Seong Jun Kim ),장한나 ( Han Na Chang ),이명종 ( Myong Jong Yi ),박관수 ( Gwan Soo Park ),김춘식 ( Choon Sig Kim ),손영모 ( Yeong Mo Son ),김래현 ( Rae Hyun Kim ),손요환 한국농림기상학회 2015 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.17 No.1

산림은 많은 양의 탄소를 저장하고 있으며, 산림 탄소 동태는 기후변화에 따라 변화할 것으로 예상된다. 본 연구는 우리나라 산림에서 가장 우점하는 침엽수종과 활엽수종인 소나무림과 참나무림을 대상으로 최근 개발 및 개선된 한국형산림토양탄소모델(Korean ForestSoil Carbon model; KFSC model)을 이용하여 두 가지 기후변화 시나리오(2012년 기온이 2100년까지 유지되는 시나리오(CT), Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP) 8.5 시나리오) 하에서의 산림 탄소 동태를 예측하였다. 5차 국가산림자원조사 자료로부터 소나무림과 굴참나무림 조사구들을 추출한 뒤, 이를 행정구역(9개 도, 7개 특별·광역시) 및 영급(1-5영급, 6영급이상)별로 분류하여 탄소 동태 모의 단위를 설정하였다. 탄소 저장고는 2012년을 기준으로 초기화하였으며, 모의 기간인 2012년부터 2100년까지 모든 교란은 고려하지 않았다. 모의 결과 산림 탄소 저장량은 시간이 경과함에 따라 전반적으로 증가하지만, CT 시나리오에 비하여 RCP 8.5 시나리오 하에서 산림 탄소 저장량이 낮게 나타났다. 소나무림의 탄소 저장량(Tg C)은 2012년에 260.4에서 2100년에는 각각 395.3(CT 시나리오) 및 384.1(RCP 8.5 시나리오)로 증가하였다. 굴 참나무림의 탄소 저장량(Tg C)은 2012년에 124.4에서 2100년에는 219.5(CT 시나리오) 및 204.7(RCP 8.5 시나리오)로 각각 증가하였다. 5차 국가산림자원조사 자료와 비교한 결과, 고사유기물 탄소 저장량의 초기값은 타당한 것으로 나타났다. 모의 기간 동안 소나무림과 굴참나무림의 연간 탄소 흡수율(g C m-2 yr-1)은 CT 시나리오 하에서 각각 71.1과 193.5, RCP8.5 시나리오 하에서 각각 65.8과 164.2로 추정된다. 따라서 우리나라 소나무림과 굴참나무림의 탄소 흡수잠재력은 지구 온난화에 의하여 감소할 것으로 예상된다. 비록 모델의 구조와 파라미터로부터 불확실성이 존재하지만 본 연구는 미래 산림 탄소 동태 파악에 기여할 것으로 기대된다. Forests contain a huge amount of carbon (C) and climate change could affect forest C dynamics. This study was conducted to predict the C dynamics of Pinus densiflora and Quercus variabilis forests, which are the most dominant needleleaf and broadleaf forests in Korea, using the Korean Forest Soil Carbon (KFSC) model under the two climate change scenarios (2012-2100; Constant Temperature (CT) scenario and Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenario). To construct simulation unit, the forest land areas for those two species in the 5th National Forest Inventory (NFI) data were sorted by administrative district and stand age class. The C pools were initialized at 2012, and any disturbance was not considered during the simulation period. Although the forest C stocks of two species generally increased over time, the forest C stocks under the RCP 8.5 scenario were less than those stocks under the CT scenario. The C stocks of P. densiflora forests increased from 260.4 Tg C in 2012 to 395.3 (CT scenario) or 384.1 Tg C (RCP 8.5 scenario) in 2100. For Q. variabilis forests, the C stocks increased from 124.4 Tg C in 2012 to 219.5 (CT scenario) or 204.7 (RCP 8.5 scenario) Tg C in 2100. Compared to 5th NFI data, the initial value of C stocks in dead organic matter C pools seemed valid. Accordingly, the annual C sequestration rates of the two species over the simulation period under the RCP 8.5 scenario (65.8 and 164.2 g C m-2 yr-1 for P. densiflora and Q. variabilis) were lower than those values under the CT scenario (71.1 and 193.5 g C m-2 yr-1 for P. densiflora and Q. variabilis). We concluded that the C sequestration potential of P. densiflora and Q. variabilis forests could be decreased by climate change. Although there were uncertainties from parameters and model structure, this study could contribute to elucidating the C dynamics of South Korean forests in future.

MODIS 16-Day Albedo 자료를 이용한 동북아시아 지역의 토지피복 별 알베도 변화 분석

박은빈 ( Eun Bin Park ),한경수 ( Kyung Soo Han ),이창석 ( Chang Suk Lee ),피경진 ( Kyung Jin Pi ) 대한원격탐사학회 2012 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.28 No.5

알베도는 지구 복사균형을 이루는 요소 중에서 지표의 에너지 균형에 직접적으로 영향을 주는 인자로 알려져 있다. 이러한 알베도 변화는 토양 수분량, 식생, 태양광의 입사 각도, 적설 등의 변화를 포함하여 지구 복사균형과 그것이 기후와 식생 변화에 미치는 영향력을 이해할 수 있는 결정적인 변수로 작용한다. 따라서 알베도 변화 모니터링은 기후 변화 예측에서 필요한 과정 중 하나이다. 본 연구에서는 동북아시아의 알베도 변화를 관측하기 위하여 2001년부터 2011년의 MODIS Albedo 16-Day 자료를 이용하였다. 연간알베도 변화에서 식생이 활발한 토지피복의 알베도 값이 NIR 밴드에서 높은 알베도 값을 VIS 밴드에서 낮은 알베도 값을 가짐을 확인하였고, 2002년을 기준으로 고비사막 부근과 만주지역의 알베도 값이 변화를 보여 식생 변화 지역으로 사료되어 세부 연구영역으로 선정하였다. 또한 최솟값의 변화로 두 지역 모두 2010년 이후 식생이 악화됨을 감지할 수 있었다. Albedo is known as a factor that directly impacts on the surface energy balance one of the elements of earth radiation balance. The change of albedo includes the change of soil moisture, vegetation, solar zenith angle, snow, and so on. In addition, it operates as a crucial path to understanding feedback mechanisms between radiation balance and its influence on climate and vegetation dynamics and therefore, observing the variation of albedo is a one of the essential procedures for anticipating climate change. In this study, we used MODIS 16-Day composited Albedo data from 2001 to 2011 years with the purpose of observing the change of albedo over Northeast Asia. According to the tendency of albedo for 11 years, albedo in the area of an active vegetation has increased in near-infrared (NIR) domain and decreased in visible (VIS) domain. On the basis of local changes in vegetation in 2002, the both area of the Gobi Desert and the Manchuria was enormously changed and chosen the research area and furthermore, the vegetation of both regions had deteriorated due to the change of the minimum value since 2010.

만성 활동성 간염에 동반된 간소엽의 변화에 대한 조직학적 연구

李重達,朴耀翰,李昌弘 한양대학교 의과대학 1987 한양의대 학술지 Vol.7 No.2

The study of liver biopsy specimens taen from 67 Korean adults with B-viral chronic active hepatitis (CAH) revealed lobular inflammation which was seldom seen in European-American patients. These findings suggested that the morphologic difference may be indicative of the ultimate prognosis and pathogenesis for chronic hepatitis B in Korean. The author reviewed biopsy materials form the 67 patients with CAH and found 24 cases of labourlar inflammation of varying degree (35%). Serum aminotransferases (SGOT/SGPT) and hepatitis B viral markers (HBs Ag, Ab-HBs, Ab-HBc, Hbe Ag, Ab-Hbe) were tested at the time of liver biopsy. In view of pathogenesis of the lobular changes in CAH, correlation between histologic changes, SGOT/SGPT, and hepatitis B viral markers was discussed, and the results led to following conclusions. Lobular changes associated with CAH consisted of ballooning degeneration, acidophilic bodies, and spotty necrosis which were present mainly in the centrilobular zone around the terminal venules. No correlation was noted between the degree of lobular inflammation and piecemeal necrosis. Lobular changes in the severe degree, however, correlated to the corresponding degree of piecemeal necrosis. The severe degree of lobular inflammation corresponded with the value of serum aminotransferases. No correlation was, however, found between the mild degree of lobular changes and serum aminotransferase values. Of 20 CAH cases with lobular changes tested for hepatitis B viral markers, 18 wee positive for HBs Ag and 9 Hbe Ag. These findings were indicative of the high infectivity of the CAH with lobular changes.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

Wechsler 記憶檢査(改訂版)의 妥當度 硏究

韓五洙,柳希姃,金晟倫,金昌潤,李楨敎,李哲,朴仁鎬 서울醫大 1997 精神醫學 Vol.22 No.1

Deciphering the Role of Tyrosine Sulfation in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Using Shotgun Proteomic Analysis

Park, Hye-Jee,Park, Chang-Jin,Bae, Nahee,Han, Sang-Wook The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2016 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.32 No.3

A bacterial tyrosine sulfotransferase, RaxST, is required for activation of rice XA21-mediated immunity, and it catalyzes sulfation of tyrosine residues of Omp1X and RaxX in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, a causal agent of bacterial blight in rice. Although RaxST is biochemically well-characterized, biological functions of tyrosine sulfation have not been fully elucidated. We compared protein expression patterns between the wildtype and a raxST knockout mutant using shotgun proteomic analysis. Forty nine proteins displayed a more than 1.5-fold difference in their expression between the wildtype and the mutant strains. Clusters of orthologous groups analysis revealed that proteins involved in cell motility were most abundant, and phenotypic observation also showed that the twitching motility of the mutant was dramatically changed. These results indicate that tyrosine sulfation by RaxST is essential for Xoo movement, and they provide new insights into the biological roles of RaxST in cellular processes.