HBV : Dynamic Change of HBsAg Titer during Anti-Viral Therapy in Treatment-Na?ve Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B

( Han Wook Chung ),( Yu Jin Ko ),( Sang Wook Lee ),( Hyun Woong Lee ),( Hyung Joon Kim ) 대한간학회 2013 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2013 No.1

Background/Aims: Quantitative HBsAg (qHBsAg) titers are emerging as useful tools for measuring viral load and predicting predicting virologic response (VR). This study aimed to determine whether serial monitoring of HBsAg levels could predict virologic response to entecavir(ETV) & clevudine(CLV) therapy in treatment-naive patients with CHB Methods: A total of 157 treatment-naive patients with CHB, who visited Chung-Ang University Hospital between January 2007 and December 2008, were enrolled in this study (100 males). 97 patients(69 males, mean age 48) were treated with ETV for average 53 months, and 60 patients (31 males, mean age 43) were treated with CLV for 26months average. HBsAg levels were measured at baseline, week 12, 24, and 48. All patients were assessed for virological response (HBV DNA<140 copies/mL). Serum HBV DNA was quantified using the real time PCR assay (Artus HBV LC PCR Kit, Roche Diagnostics, lower limit of quantification, 140 copies/mL). Results: In 97 ETV-treated patients, the rates of virological response were 56.7% (55/97) at 48months and 60 CLV-treated patients, 30% (18/60) at 24 months, respectively. Mean reduction of baseline HBV DNA was -5.3, and -4.9 log10 copies/mL. In 55 VR patients treated with ETV, 43(78.1%) patients showed early decline of HBsAg titer and 31(56.3%) patients had lower baseline HBsAg levels (< 3.7 log IU/mL). In 18 VR patients treated with CLV, 9(50%) patients showed early decline of HBsAg titer and 11(61.1%) patients had also lower baseline HBsAg levels (< 3.7 log IU/mL) . Conclusions: Early decline of HBsAg was useful for predicting VR, and baseline HBsAg could be indicative as well in CHB patients treated with ETV than patients treated with CLV.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

저신장 소아에서 성장호르몬 치료가 두개안면필 성장에 미치는 영향

정성호,김진욱,박용훈,황충주,이희경 대한치과교정학회 2010 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.40 No.4

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of growth hormone treatment (GHT) on craniofacial growth in children of short stature. Methods: Nineteen untreated children of short stature were referred from the Pediatric Department, Yeungnam University Hospital as a subject group. All subjects had lateral cephalograms taken before, after 1 year and after 2 years of growth hormone treatment. As a reference group, we selected 19 normal children with paired sampling who matched the subjects' age and sex, from the Department of Orthodontics, Kyungpook National University Hospital. Results: Before GHT, anterior cranial base length and upper posterior facial height, posterior total facial height, mandibular ramus length, and mandibular corpus length were significantly smaller in the reference group. In angular craniofacial measurements, saddle angle and mandibular plane angle were larger. SNA and SNB were smaller in the reference group. After two years of GHT, growth hormone accelerated growth in several craniofacial components. The posterior total facial height, the anterior, posterior cranial base length, and the mandibular ramus length were increased. And the difference in mandibular plane angle and ANB values compared with the reference group was decreased. Conclusions: GHT over 2 years leads to a craniofacial catch-up growth tendency, which is pronounced in interstitial cartilage and condylar cartilage. 저신장이란 같은 연령 및 성별 소아들의 표준 신장 평균치에서 -2.0 SD 이하인 경우를 말한다. 본 연구의 목적은 저신장 소아의 두개안면골격의 특성을 분석하고, 성장호르몬 치료가 신장을 성장시킴과 동시에 두개안면골격에 어떤 영향을 주는지 알아보고자 함이다. 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원 소아청소년과에서 저신장으로 진단받은 소아를 대상으로 성장 호르몬 치료 전 그리고 치료 후 1년, 2년 후 총 3회 측모 두부 방사선 규격 사진의 촬영을 시행하였다. 대조군은 경북대학교 치의학전문대학원 교정과에 소장된 한국인 평균 신장의 2 표준오차 내의 아동들을 대상으로 측모 두부 방사선 규격사진을 2년마다 10년간 촬영한 자료를 이용하여 저신장 소아의 연령과 성별을 기준으로 짝진 표집(paired sampling)을 하였다. 성장 호르몬 치료 전 저신장 소아는 작고 후퇴된 하악골과 편평한 두개저를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 성장 호르몬 치료 후 anterior, posterior cranial base length, upper posterior facial height, lower anterior facial height, posterior total facial height, mandibular ramus length, mandibular corpus length와 overall mandibular length 성장량이 정상군에서의 2년 성장량과 비교했을 때 유의하게 큰 것으로 나타났으며 각도 계측에서는 saddle angle, mandibular plane angle과 ANB변화량이 정상군에서의 2년 성장량과 비교했을 때 큰 변화를 보이며 정상군의 평균치를 따라잡는 경향을 보였다. 성장 호르몬 치료는 불균형적인 성장의 징후 없이 정상화를 향한 성장(따라잡기 성장)을 나타내었으며 이는 특히 하악과두의 성장과 후안면고경의 성장을 촉진시켜 저신장 소아의 convex 한 profile을 완화하는 것으로 판단된다.

정보 보안의 현황과 대책

정진욱 한국기업윤리학회 2000 企業倫理硏究 Vol.2 No.-

DES(Data Encryption Standard)의 운영 형태에 따른 비교분석

정진욱 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1986 論文集 Vol.37 No.1

Secure transmission and storage of data in computer system are very important. DES algorithm which adopted by NBS as data encryption standard is very widely used method for data security. DES algorithm has been used in link layer of computer network. In this case the algorithm is implemented by LSI Chip. But in the case of applying the algorithm to higher level layer in computer network, this algorithm should be implemented by software and the processing time is main concern in file processing for security. In this paper DES algorithm is implemented in large computar IBM 3032 by assembly language and the processing time of five operational methods ECB, CBC, CBF, CFB, OFB are compared. Finally error characteristics is also compared among five operational methods.

LAN(근거리통신망)에서의 한글 한자 처리에 관한 연구

정진욱 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1986 論文集 Vol.37 No.1

The Korean and Chinese character processing system is designed for Local Area Network. The system has adopted two byte code for Korean and Chinese characters. This system has a roll of interfacing between application software and terminal. The system is applicable for word processor. So the system makes all of existing software under same operating system execute without modification. And this system could be further developed for the another foreign alphabet.

승용 디젤엔진용 가변과급기 성능에 관한 연구

진영욱,정진은,조훈기,강우,정재우 한국기술교육대학교 2006 論文集 Vol.13 No.1

A test bench which is consisted of roots blower, air flow meter, driving unit for VGT actuator, transmitters for temperature and pressure, and the rotational speed sensor was developed to evaluate the characteristics of the VGT system. Measurements using VGT of the 2.0 L diesel engine were carried out. The corrected mass flow rate and the pressure ratio for the compressor of the VGT are related directly with the rotational speed, but they are independent of the rack position of the VGT. The pressure ratio and the corrected mass flow rate of the turbine of the VGT are related directly with the rack position of the VGT, but they don't have any relation with the rotational speed. The mechanical efficiency of the VGT is higher than the conventional turbocharger in the wide range. The efficiency at the 0.03 kg/s of the mass flow rate is 4.36 times as high as that of the conventional turbocharger. These data will be used to develop the new engine equipped with the VGT system.

화일전송 효율화를 위한 compression algorithm의 연구

정진욱 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1989 論文集 Vol.40 No.1

Data compression is the interesting part in data processing, because it offers efficient use of communication lines and secondary storage space. The most of current data compression system takes the Huffman coding scheme for the ASCII or EBCDIC code. Some current methods are not suitable for the Hangul file transfer because the Korean Standards Hangul code system (KSC 5601) is based on 2-bytes complete code and the symbol frequency of the code is different from that of English. This paper presents the Huffman coding algorithm to compress the Hangul code. In Hangul file transfer, it shows better compression ratio than a conventional algorithm for the English.

입원 남성 및 여성 알코올리즘 환자의 인구학적, 임상적 및 인격적 특성비교

정원후,김성부,장기용,손진욱,박철수 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.4

저자들은 1996년 5월 1일부터 1996년 7월 15일까지 부산·경남·대구 소재의 대형정신병원과 종합병원에 입원해 있는 여성 알코올리즘을 대상으로 하고, 또한 같은 기간에 국립부곡정신병원에 입원한 남성 알코올리즘을 비교군으로 해서 사회인구학적 특성, 음주양상, 음주와 관련된 문제점, 성격 및 정신병리등을 비교하여 남녀 알코올리즘에서의 원인과 임상적 특성에서의 차이점을 알고자해서 본 연구를 하게 되었다. 저자들이 작성한 반구조화된 설문지, MAST(Michigan alcoholism screening test). Zung의 SAS(Self-rating anxiety scale)과 SDS(Self-rating depression scale). MMPI(Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory), SCL-90-R(Symptom checklist-90-revision) 및 EPQ(Eysenck personality questionnaire)등의 검사도구를 이용하였고, 그 결과를 독립표본 t-test(independent-samples t-test)와 χ²-test로 검정하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) 여성 알코올리즘에서 남성 알코올리즘보다 더 낮은 교육 수준을 보였으며 초등학교수준 이하가 52.4%를 차지하였다. 반면에 남성 알코올리즘에서는 중학교·고등학교 수준이 76.7%였다.(p〈0.01). 2) 여성 알코올리즘에서 형제들 중에서 더 낮은 서열을 보였으며 세째딸이 1/3로 가장 많았고 다음이 외동딸로써 23.8%를 차지하였다. 반면 남성 알코올리즘에서는 장남이 46.7%였다.(p〈0.01). 3) 여성 알코올리즘이 사회경제적 수준에서 더 낮았다(p〈0,01). 4) 여성 알코올리즘의 음주시작동기는 대인관계를 위한 사교목적, 심리적 갈등이나 다른 정신적인 문제, 가족들과의 갈등 등이 비슷하게 많았다. 그러나 남성 알코올리즘에서는 대인관계를 위한 사교목적으로 음주하는 경우가 절대적으로 많았다.(p〈0.05). 5) 처음으로 음주를 시작한 연령은 여성 알코올리즘보다는 남성 알코올리즘에서 유의하게 더 어린 연령에서 시작하였다.(p〈0.001). 6) 1일 평균 음주량은 여성 알코올리즘에서 유의하게 더 적었다.(p〈0.01). 7) 금단증상경험, 알코올성 신체장애 및 음주로 인한 법적 처벌경험도 남성 알코올리즘보다는 여성 알코올리즘에서 유의하게 더 낮았다.(p〈0.05). 8) SCL-90-R에서 PSY척도에서 유의하게 여성 알코올리즘군에서 더 높았고, EPQ에서는 L척도에서 유의하게 여성 알코올리즘이 더 높았다(p〈0.05). 결론적으로 본 연구는 심리적 요인과 사회적 요인이 남녀 알코올리즘간에서 많은 차이가 있는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 여성 알코올리즘의 원인에는 심리적 또는 사회인구학적 요인이 더 밀접하게 연관이 되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. Objective : This study was designed to compare the characteristics of demographic data, clinical features, and personality in male and female alcoholics and to identify the clinically meaningful differences in the etiologies and the clinical features between the two groups. Methods : The study group was composed of 30 males and 21 females who were recruited into the impatient treatment. The researchers used self-reporting questionnaire composed of demographic data and drinking patterns, Michigan alcoholism screening test(MAST), self-rating anxiety scale(SAS) and self-rating depression scale(SDS) of Zung, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory(MMPI), symptom Checklist-90-revision(SCL-90-R), and Eysenck personality questionnaire(EPQ). The differences between the two groups were tested by chi-square test and independent-sample t-test. Result : 1) Education level of the female alcoholics was significantly less than that of male alcoholics(p〈0.05) and the birth order the female alcoholics was significantly higher than that of male alcoholics(p〈0.05). 2) The level of socioeconomic status of female alcoholics was significantly lower than that of male alcoholics(p〈0.01). 3) The initial motivations of female alcoholics were mainly due to social, psychological, and intrafamilial problems while those of male alcoholics were due to social problems. There were significant difference between the two groups(p〈0.05). 4) The onset of initial drinking in female alcoholics was significantly earlier than that of male alcoholics(p〈0.001). 5) The average amount of daily drinking in female alcoholics was significantly less than that of male alcoholics(p〈0.01). 6) Withdrawal symptoms, physical disorder, and social or legal problems induced by alcohol drinking in female alcoholics were significantly less than those of male alcoholics(p〈0.05). 7) The mean scores of PSY scale of SCL90R and of L scale of EPQ in female alcoholics were significantly higher than those of male alcoholics(p〈0.05). Conclusion : Demographic and psychosocial factors differed to a significant degree between male and female alcoholism. We suggest that these factors are more important in female alcoholism than in male one in the etiologies and the clinical features. These differences are due to more complex factors rather than simple ones, thus the further evaluations are needed to elucidate the differences in the etiologies between male and female alcoholism.

국내 제조기업의 경영전략에서 생산기술 역할에 관한 실증적 연구

金炯郁,朴眞洙,鄭元勳 홍익대학교 경영연구소 1996 경영연구 Vol.21 No.-