서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1996)

김재홍,황동규,전재홍,김윤석,김중환,김용준,이창균,임동진,김현수,조창근,김경문,박상훈,전우형,김희성,이호정,차명수,김갑형,김형석,김석우,황지환,박병순,권오상,이민수,송기훈,성소영,이인섭,부태성 대한화학요법학회 1999 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Background : In recent years, gonorrhea has been panedemic and remains one of the most commom STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Methods: For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of PPNG, we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the VD Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results: In 1996, 139 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 53(39.0%) were PPNG. Conclusion: Our results suggests that after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, the prevalence of PPNG in Seoul is gradually declining.

방사선 치료후 시간경과에 따른 염색체이상 빈도의 변화

송명재,하성환,이춘자,김희근,김미숙 대한방사선 방어학회 1994 방사선방어학회지 Vol.19 No.1

임파구의 염색체이상 빈도로부터 피폭자의 흡수선량을 구하는 방법은 사고로 인해 급성피폭을 받는 경우 유용하게 사용될 수 있다. 그러나 방사선 피폭 후 시간이 경과함에 따라 불안정 염색체이상을 가진 임파구는 감소하게 된다. 이에 방사선 치료후 시간 경과에 따른 불안정 염색체이상 빈도의 변화를 규명하고자 한다. 전골반에 50.4 Gy의 방사선 치료를 받은 총 20명의 자궁경부암 또는 자궁내막암 환자를 대상으로 41개의 검체를 얻었다. 채혈의 시기는 방사선 치료후 1일 3주, 6주, 12주, 24주, 52주, 104주, 156주, 208주, 520주로 하였다. 이들 말초혈액의 임파구에 대해 전혈미세배양을 실시한 후 임파구의 불안정 염색체이상을 관찰하여 Ydr, Qdr, Qdra를 얻었다. Ydr 값은 방사선 치료가 끝난 직후부터 3주까지 plateau를 보였고 이후 감소하는 경향이었다. Ydr의 평균값은 치료후 3주에 0.29에서 급격히 감소하여 2년후 0.05로 감소하였으며 이후 5년까지 서서히 감소하였다. 회귀분석을 실시한바 Ydr = 0.259×exp(-0.0429T)+0.0560×exp(-0.00106T)(time in weeks)로 나타났다. Qdr값은 치료 직후부터 24주까지 1.51 전후로 거의 변화가 없었으며 이후 감소하여 52주 이후에는 1.17 전후로 거의 일정하였다. Qdra 값은 치료 직후부터 12주까지 1.10 전후이며 이후 감소하여 52주 이후에는 0.81 전후였다. 피폭 후 시간경과에 따른 Ydr 값의 감소는 두 component exponential 모델을 잘 맞고 이 식을 이용하여 생물학적 선량측정이 가능하다. Qdr 값 및 Qdra 값은 피폭후 시간경과가 짧은 경우 피폭선량을 추정하는 지료로 사용할 수 있다. It is good method to use frequency of chromosome aberration in lymphocytes for a biological dosimetry in cases of accidental exposure to radiation. But in cases of past edposure, biological dosimetry is limited because the friquency of aberration decreases by time after exposure. To provide a basic data for estimationof past radiation exposure, the changing pattern of frequency of unstable chromosome aberration by time interbal after exposure was studied. Observation was made on peripheral lymphocytes of 41 blood samples from 20 patients treated for uterine cervical carcinoma and endometrial caricinoma. The patients received 50.4 Gy radiation to whole pelvis. Elapsed times after the completion of radiation therapy were 1 day, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 52, 104, 156, 208, 260 and 520 weeks. All the blood sample were microcultured. The Ydr, Qdr and Qdra were calculated form frequency of unstable aberration. Ydr did not decrease for 3 weeks after radiation therapy, and thereafter, decreased very rapidly and reached 0.05 at two years after radiation therapy and decreased very slowly until 5 years after radiation therapy. Relationship between unstable chromosome aberration and time interval after radiation therapy was described as Ydr = 0.2590.259×exp(-0.0429T)+0.0560×exp(-0.00106T)(time in weeks) Qdr remained constant at 1.51 until 24 weeks after radiation therapy and then decreased to 1.17 at 52 weeks. Therafter, it did not change. Qdra remained constant at 1.10 for 12 weeks after radiation therapy and decreased to 0.81 at 52 weeks. Thereafter, it remanined constant. Two superimposed exponential Ydr disappearance rate wuggests that it is possible to calculate the past exposure dose. When the elapsed time after exposure is short, Qdr and Qdra are useful papameters for biological dosimetry for past radiation exposure.

어린이 김치 표준화에 대한 연구(1) : 어린이 김치의 담금법 개발 Development of the Preparation of Kimchi for the Children

송영옥,전영수,권명자,빈성미,김은희,문정원,김명 부산대학교 가정대학 1995 家政大學硏究報告 Vol.21 No.-

The purpose of this study is reporting the results of first trial for the standardization of children's kimchi in terms of brining standardization, development for the recipe ad pannel test for the children's kimchi. In order to develop the standard recipe for children's kimchi, our research team have visited kimchi factories, temples and houses located in Pusan and Kyung-Sang Nam Do province. Three kinds of chinese cabbage kimchi (hamyang, haeundae, and jinrae kimchi named by region where we collected) which got the top three highest score in panel testing was selected. The original recipes of these kimchi were sightly modified to prepared the kimchi at laboratory. Among three of them, hamyang kimchi which contained dried anchovy power was selected as a model kimchi for development of the children's kimchi recipe. We find out that the optimal salt concentration of brined cabbage and kimchi for the children's kimchi (sliced style kimchi, approximately 2.5X3cm a piece) that showed the hightest pennel score were approximately 1.5% and 2.0%, respectively. The salt concentration of brined cabbage became 1.5, 1.43, and 1.60% after 60 min at 10% brining solution, 45 min at 12% and 30 min at 15%, respectively. The developed recipe used for the children's kimchi at our team is as follows. The major ingredients used for the preparation of kimchi is brined sliced chinese cabbage (salt concentration is 1.5%) 1kg galic 11g, ginger 5.0g, red pepper powder 20.0g, fermented anchovy juice 25.0g, fermented shrimp juice 5.0g dried anchovy and sea weed extracts 30.0g, anchovy power 2.4g glutinious rice gel 40.0g, starch syrup, 10.0g, and apple juice 22.5g. The total acceptability test of developed children's kimchi (test kimchi) was carried out with 84 of 6th grade student during lunch time at elementary school in Pusan where has a school lunch program. Sixty nine percent of student answered test kimchi is very good, 25% of them said it is fair, and only 6% of students answered they didn't like test kimchil. However, for the kimchi supplied from school at lunch, 52% students answered the kimchi is good, 26% of them said it is fair, and 22% of them said they don't like school supplied kimchi. This result tells us that the test kimchi is better than school supplied kimchi and the test kimchi can be developed further as a children's kimchi.

제3형 개방성 경골 골절의 수술적 치료

송경진,신성진,황병연,박명식 대한골절학회 2003 대한골절학회지 Vol.16 No.2

목 적: 저자들은 제3형 개방성 경골 골절로 수술적 치료를 시행한 환자의 결과를 분석하여 이에 대한 치료 지침을 제시하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 최근 7년간 본원에서 치료한 환자 42례를 대상으로 하였으며 연령 분포는 15세에서 76세로 남자가 35례, 여자가 7례였으며, 골절의 분류는 Ⅲa형 14례, Ⅲb형 20례, Ⅲc형 8례였다. 최종 기능적 평가는 Tucker의 분류법을 사용하였다. 결 과: 골 유합 기간은 Ⅲa이 9.2개월, Ⅲb형11.0개월, Ⅲc형이 13.8개월이었고 치료 기간 중 회전 피판 이식술과 유리 피판 이식을 시행하였으며 Ⅲc형에서는 골 연장술을 시행하였다. 기능적 평가로는 Ⅲc형로 갈수록 불량하였다 결 론: 비활성 조직의 충분한 제거, 노출 골편의 조기 피복 후 Ⅲa형에서는 골수강내 금속정을 이용한 견고한 내고정으로 좋은 결과를 얻을 수 있고 Ⅲb와, Ⅲc형에서는 외고정 기구를 사용하여 견고한 고정력을 얻을 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the functional outcome and propose the guidelines in the surgical treatment of open type Ⅲ tibial fracture. Materials and Methods: We have analyzed the treatment results of 44 cases; age was ranged from 15 to 76 years, and there were 35 males and 7 females. The type of fracture according to the classification by Gustilo revealed typeⅢa 14 cases, type Ⅲb 20 cases and type Ⅲc in 8 cases. We analyzed functional outcome according to the classification of functional result by Tucker. Results: The average union time of type Ⅲa was 9.2 months, Ⅲb 11.0 months, and Ⅲc was 13.8 months. The rotational flap and free flap were done during treatment and bone lengthening especially in type Ⅲc. Functional results were poor especially in type Ⅲc. Conclusion: Debridgement of devitalized tissue, early soft tissue coverage and sufficient stability using intramedullary nails will be necessary in type Ⅲa fracture. Rigid external fixation, early soft tissue coverage by rotational muscle flap and free flap reduced infection rate with satisfactory functional outcome especially in type Ⅲb and Ⅲc fractures.

Ionized Calcium 및 Chitosan의 혼합처방에 따른 항균효과에 관한 연구

송명수,김미정,김영일,최동성,양재헌 又石大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.20 No.-

The antibacterial effects of chitosan depend on its molecular weight. The inhibition rate of bacteria growth of designated high in Gram positive, which was high in S aurens, S. epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis, low in S. mutans, high in C. albicans in fungi, low in A. niger. The inhibition rate of bacteria growth of chitosan was comparatively high in Gram positive, low in S. mutans and it showed high numerical value in C. albicans of fungi. The rate recorded good result at molecular weight 200,000 relatively, there was no difference, according to the molecular weight. The inhibition rate of bacteria growth according to the concentration of the increased differently between 1,000~10,000㎍/㎖, it showed antibacterial activity close to the inhibition rate of growth of chitosan rather than ionized calcium. The minimum inhibitory concentration marked the highest in the mixture of cihtosan and ionized calcium for all kind of bacteria generally, there was a little difference between yeast and fungi.

NP 同値類 대표함수를 이용한 AND-EXOR 最少 論理式의 表現

宋洪復,金聖大,金明起 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1990 硏究報告 Vol.14 No.1

The paper presents a catalog of AND-EXOR expressions for representative functions of four-variable NP-equivalence classes. Minimality is defined as minimizing first the number of product terms and then the total number of literal in the expression. Also, the properties of minimum expressions are discussed. Using this as a base, we compare minimum expressions of AND-OR type two-variable circuit with minimum expressions of AND-EXOR type two-variable circuit which used algorithm in this paper. As a result if was found that in the case of AND-OR type minimum expressions, number of product terms is under 8, and in the case of AND-EXOR type minimum expressions all functions are formed in which number of product terms is under 6, and generally number of product term is considerably small to realize four variable function toward AND-EXOR type minimum expression circuit.

두개강내 정맥기형들과 동반된 안와내 해면상 혈관종 1례

조도상,송준혁,김명현,박향권,김성학,신규만,박동빈 대한신경외과학회 1998 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.27 No.6

한국대학생의 도덕사태 개념화 및 그 변화과정에 관한 연구(II)

송명자,조용하,설기문,김상윤 東亞大學校 學生生活硏究所 1992 學生硏究 Vol.20 No.-

This study aims to analyze the moral judgmental levels and the conceptions of transgressions of Korean college students in a series of multifacted events and the aspects of change in terms of moral judgmental level and conceptualizastion after with two years' college experience. The study was based on the Kohlberg's cognitive moral development theory and on the domain-distinction model in which children's intuitive abilities are stressed. This study was consisted of two sub-studies done in 1989 and 1991 respectively. The subjects of the 1st year study were 416 college students in four major cities(Seoul, Taegu, Kwangjoo, and Pusan). The subjects of the longitudinal analysis of second year study were 199 college students who could be followed up among the subjects of the 1st year study after two years. The instruments used in this study were Test of Moral Judgmental Development and Test of Conceptualization on Mulifaceted Events developed by the authors on the basis of Kohlberg's and Turiel's theories respectively. The following conclusions were obtained through the basis of the results and discussions of this study. First, Korean college students' false responses to moral issues decrease but the radical and anti-social responses increase after two years, and ther these responses are replaced by the level Ⅲmoral judgmental responses. Second, college students who are on the higher moral judgmental level conceptualize the transgression in social conventional and personal domains less permissible than those on the lower levels do. The students who are on the lower judgmental level reveal the decrese of nonpermissibility in social conventional domain with two years' college experience than those on the higher level do.

입력디코더 ESOP형 PLA의 간단화에 관한 연구

宋洪復,金聖大,金明起 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1990 硏究報告 Vol.14 No.1

An optimization problem of AND-EXOR PLA's with imput decoders can be regarded as a minimization problem of Exclusive-Or Sum-Of-Products expressions (ESOP's) for multiple-valued input two-valued output functions. In this paper, we propose a minimization algorithm for ESOP's. The algorithm is based on an iterative improvement. Five rules are used to replace a pair of products with another one. We minimize many ESOP's for arithmetic circuits. In most cases, ESOP's required fewer products than SOP's to realize same functions.

폐암 환자와 폐암 세포주를 주입한 Nude Mice에서 종양성장인자의 변화

김상범,박성달,김송명,허방 고신대학교 의과대학 2010 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.25 No.1

Background and purpose : The incidence of non-small cell lung cancer has decreased than past decades but the prevalence rate of squamous cell carcinoma is highest among the various types of lung cancer. There have been one of the most difficult problems of the medical areas because of the law rate of operative treatment by micrometastasis still. The released growth regulating factors from the tumor cells have heen researching targets recently. This study is to know the changes of the tumor growth factors by examining the change of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) within plasma of nude mouse was measured after each of different quantity of cultured cell of squamous cell carcinoma was injected into plerual caviry of nude mouse in animal experiment, while comparing the values of TGF, Insulin-like growth factor and epidermal growth factor between experimental trial and clinical trial. Method : Between June of 2006 and June of 2007 at Kosin University Hospital, 17 patients were chosen for this study where 13 of them were pathologically diagnosed of squamous cell carcinoma after initial diagnosis of lung cancer followed by radical pneumonectomy and pathologic biopsy, while 4 patients were pathologically diagnosed of benign tumor. Blood sample was collected prior to a surgery from the lung cancer patients scheduled for surgery, and the sample was cryopreserved. During surgery, dense tumor tissue without necrosis was excised in a size of 5mm3 and quickly frozen to be used for experimental tissue, whereas the tissue, which was located farthest from the lesion and deemed free of cancer cell, was to be used for control tissue. And the tissue obtained from benign tumor or normal tissue of granuloma patient was classified as a control tissue B, while the sample from malignant tissue of lung cancer was categorized as experimental tissue M. In animal experiment with 15 male nude mice without immunity, 5 subjects without cancer cell were used for control group, another 5 subjects with of 2×106 of cancer cell line (SW-900 G IV) injected into intrathoracic were used for experimental group I, and the other 5 subjects injected with twice quantity of cancer cell line of group I were classified as experimental group II. After breeding the subjects in the clean room for 8 weeks, blood sample was collected from their heart, and quantitative test of plasma TGF-β was performed. For the test of tumor growth factor, human TGF-β ELISA kit was used for quantitation of TGF-β1&2, and active TM non-eztraction IGF kit was for quantitation of IGF-I&II, while GE healthcare kit was used for EGF. Results : In animal experiment, TGF-β1 was expressed within the serum of all nude mice from control group as well experimental group I and II, where control group was at 28.49 fmol/ml while experimental group I and II were at 32.19 fmol/ml and 42.36 fmol/ml respectively. In clinical trial, TGF-β1 was measured higher from experimental group with 40.9 fmol/ml than from control group with 28.5 fmol/ml, and TGF-β2 was lower from experimental group with 12.3 fmol/ml than from control group with 30.3 fmol/ml, while the difference was insignificant with EGF (p<0.05) where control group and experimental group were at 0.11 ng.ml and 0.12 ng/ml respectively. Moreover, TGF-β1 was at 40.88 fmol/ml from control tissue B and at 15.55 fmol/ml from experimental tissue M, where as TGF-β2 was at 12.31 fmol/ml from control tissue B and 23.95 fmol/ml from experimental tissue M (p<0.05). TGF-β1 within the serum of control group was at 812.4 fmol/ml before surgery and at 989.1 fmol/ml after surgery, which showed a slight amplifiction, while TGF-β2 was at 16.8 fmol/ml before surgery and at 20.2 fmol/ml after surgery, exhibiting a slight increase (p<0.05). Serum IGF-I was at 117.9 ng/ml before surgery and at 214.4 ng/ml after surgery, and IGF-II was at 552.8 ng/ml and 552.8 ng/ml after surgery, while EGF showed insignificant changes between before surgery at 0.67 ng/ml and after surgery at 0.74 ng/ml (p<0.05). In lung cancer stage Ia,b, TGF-β1 was decreased through surgery as it was at 972.94 mol/ml before and 866.92 mol/ml after, and TGF-β2 was also decreased as measured at 42.40 mol/ml before surgery and 38.24 mol/ml after surgery. In stage IIIa,b, TGF-β1 was decreased as measured at 980.31 mol/ml before surgery and at 928.18 mol/ml, while TGF-β2 showed not much changes (p<0.05). In lung cancer stage Ia,b, serum IGF-I was decreased as measured at 112.7 mol/ml before surgery and at 87.92 mol/ml after surgery. and IGF-II was also decreased as measured 468.78 ng/ml before surgery and at 358.59 ng/ml after surgery (p<0.05). In stage III,b, IGF-I showed not much changes, but IGF-II was at 438.31 ng/ml before surgery and 404.2 ng/ml after surgery, where EGF was not all influenced by the phase. Conclusion : In the experiment with nude mice, TGF-β1 was increased as the number of cancer cell was increased after injection of cancer cell. The number of cancer cell from early tumor, such as Ia,b from post-surgery clinical lung cancer patients, was reduced after the surgery, and TGF-β1 was also reduced as the cancer cell was reduced as well. Therefore, it was believed that TGF-β1 can be a feasible prognostic factor for early diagnosis of lung cancer at Ia,b of early phase