조선후기에 "카메라 옵스큐라"로 초상화를 그렸다 -정조 시절 정약용의 증언과 이명기의 초상화법을 중심으로

이태호 ( Tae Ho Lee ) 다산학술문화재단 2005 다산학 Vol.- No.6

Tasan put camera obscura which is a perspective of the pin-hole camera to the test and testimony in 1987, and there is a possibility of using in the portrait paintings drawn by Lee Myunggi. The fact that Lee drew portrait paintings using camera obscura would be just a hypothesis until the real documents come out. However the portrait paintings made by Lee having a expression of a three-dimentional effect on corrugation, taking a pose exposed hands, and handling oblique lines on the floor similar to perspective, have a new change by something external. At a guess the thing changed Lee`s art of drawing would be the influence of camera obscura coming from China. Especially at Yu Unho painting made in 1789 there is a phrase that YongCheJangHwal(容體長闊) ShiWonShinGamIlBan(視元身減一半) which it means the reduction ratio of a portrait. Making the recuction ratio of a portrait clear and the beauty of form show the certain fact of using camera obscura. Needless to say, by Tasan`s testimony we can be proud that camera obscura was used in the late Chosun. There are little cases on the evidence or document using camera obscura in the 16th to 19th centuries Western painting history. In this point, the thing which Tasan tested camera obscura and the portraits by it drew, is very valuable in the world scientific history and the painting history. In a way, Tasan and Lee`s test and testimony were very important, as the entering 19th century their achievements remained obscure. Choi Hangi, Lee Kyugyong, and others partly tested optical instruments, but realism of paintings rapidly declined. Lee`s portraits are simple and plain in comparison with Western portraits taking well lighting. But In Lee`s portraits are worth well seeing the using of camera obscura. In the view of exposing the truth of the object, the exploiting on the stereography suitable for our face and clothing is brilliant artistry. So Lee`s portraits can be a good classical example having realism and modernity in the late Chosun cultural history.

太谿穴의 臨床 活用에 대한 文獻考察

구성태,송문영,강정묵,김용명,박보라,이은석,홍정아,김경식,손인철 한국전통의학연구소 2003 한국전통의학지 Vol.13 No.1

Literally, the mean of Tae-gye is highest brook. And on the basis of the acupuncture theory, Tae-gye point is the Soo earth point and source point of the Kidney Channel as well. In addition, Tae-gye point is one of the Yang-Returning Nine points. We were trying to study bibliographically on the Tae-gye point because Tae-gye point can be used very broadly across the symptoms in the theoretical aspect described above. As a results, we found out that according to the classical books of acupuncture, Tae-gye point is entering point of the Meridian Water as a source point and can be used at both Kidney-Sufficient Syndrom and Kidney-Deficient Syndrom. And Tae-gye can be applied to the disease of kidney or bladder that is urogenital symtoms, Also, Tae-gye is an useful option of tooth-ache, asthma, indigestion, constipation, edema etc whose cause is related with decrease of Kidney ki.

Light-extraction efficiency control in AlGaN-based deep-ultraviolet flip-chip light-emitting diodes: a comparison to InGaN-based visible flip-chip light-emitting diodes.

Lee, Keon Hwa,Park, Hyun Jung,Kim, Seung Hwan,Asadirad, Mojtaba,Moon, Yong-Tae,Kwak, Joon Seop,Ryou, Jae-Hyun Optical Society of America 2015 Optics express Vol.23 No.16

<P>We study light-extraction efficiency (LEE) of AlGaN-based deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV-LEDs) using flip-chip (FC) devices with varied thickness in remaining sapphire substrate by experimental output power measurement and computational methods using 3-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (3D-FDTD) and Monte Carlo ray-tracing simulations. Light-output power of DUV-FCLEDs compared at a current of 20 mA increases with thicker sapphire, showing higher LEE for an LED with 250-관m-thick sapphire by ~39% than that with 100-관m-thick sapphire. In contrast, LEEs of visible FCLEDs show only marginal improvement with increasing sapphire thickness, that is, ~6% improvement for an LED with 250-관m-thick sapphire. 3D-FDTD simulation reveals a mechanism of enhanced light extraction with various sidewall roughness and thickness in sapphire substrates. Ray tracing simulation examines the light propagation behavior of DUV-FCLED structures. The enhanced output power and higher LEE strongly depends on the sidewall roughness of the sapphire substrate rather than thickness itself. The thickness starts playing a role only when the sapphire sidewalls become rough. The roughened surface of sapphire sidewall during chip-separation process is critical for TM-polarized photons from AlGaN quantum wells to escape in lateral directions before they are absorbed by p-GaN and Au-metal. Furthermore, the ray tracing results show a reasonably good agreement with the experimental result of the LEE.</P>

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

Artificial Neural Network for Modeling the Tensile Properties of Ferrite-Pearlite Steels: Relative Importance of Alloying Elements and Microstructural Factors

Tae‑Woon Hong,Sang‑In Lee,Jae‑Hyeok Shim,Myoung‑Gyu Lee,Joonho Lee,Byoungchul Hwang 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.10

An artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed to predict the tensile properties as a function of alloying elementand microstructural factor of ferrite-pearlite steels. The input parameters of the model were composed of alloying elements(Mn, Si, Al, Nb, Ti, and V) and microstructural factors (pearlite fraction, ferrite grain size, interlamellar spacing, and cementitethickness), while the output parameters of the model were yield strength and tensile strength. Although the ferrite-pearlitesteels have complex relationships among the alloying elements, microstructural factors, and tensile properties, the ANNmodel predictions were found to be more accurate with experimental results than the existing equation model. In the presentstudy the individual effect of input parameters on the tensile properties was quantitatively estimated with the help of theaverage index of the relative importance for alloying elements as well as microstructural factors. The ANN model attemptedfrom the metallurgical points of view is expected to be useful for designing new steels having required mechanical properties.

병와 이형상의 인천 시편 고찰

이영태(Lee, Young Tae) 인천대학교 인천학연구원 2013 인천학연구 Vol.18 No.-

이 글의 목적은 『소성속록』에 있는 이형상의 한시를 살피는 데 있다. 일상에서의 도의 추구와 열린 사유 궁핍한 일상의 목격 잡다한 일상의 발견 지역애착의 발현 을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 그에 대한 평가가 道의 실천 및 행동 으로 규정됐듯이, 그는 일상의 잡다한 것이건 궁핍한 것이 건 상관없이 목격하는 모든 소재 -개미, 귀뚜라미, 파리 등 -의 특징을 求 道와 연계시켜 이해하려 했다. 특히 궁핍의 상황에서도 顔子의 안빈낙도 를 운운하는 한시가 많았다. 지역애착의 발현 에서 병와의 ?오가팔영?은 단순히 영종도의 명승 을 한시화한 팔경시가 아니라, 일상에서의 도의 추 구와 열린 사유 궁핍한 일상의 목격 잡다한 일상의 발견 이 적용될 수 있었다. 遠景에서는 명승이지만 近景에서는 명승 이면에 숨어 있는 궁핍 을 표현하기도 했다. 결국 병와의 한시에 공통으로 관류하는 것은 궁핍 이었다. 병와의 지역 애착이 발현된 제주의 탐라록 과 영천의 영양록 · 영 양속록 을 대비해 보면 소성속록 에 나타난 궁핍 과 각 지역에 대한 특 징 및 한시화 과정을 이해할 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this paper is to checking the special feature of Lee-Hyeongsang(李衡祥) Chinese poetry in Soseongsongnok(邵城續錄) . 'Pursuit of a Duty & open reason in Day-to-day' 'witnessed of poor day-to-day' 'discoveryof miscellaneous day-to-day' 'expressionof Community Attachment' could be discovered. His evaluation was practice and behavior of Duty. Regardless of 'miscellaneous day-to-day' & 'poor day-to-day' were related 'pursuit of a Duty'. Was not simply ?Ogaparyeong(五嘉八?)?, scenic beauty shows. That there was a difference between near and distant landscape scenery. In scenic beauty followed by near landscape, take place. Revealed common Lee-Hyeongsang(李衡祥) poetry to poor, respectively.

윤두서(尹斗緖)의 『일본여도』와 다산의 일본 지도론

이상태(Lee, Sang-tae) 연세대학교 강진다산실학연구원 2022 다산과현대 Vol.15 No.-

공재 윤두서는 이만부, 이서, 심득경, 이하곤 등과 교류하면서 그림을 그린 조선 후기 대표적인 근기남인 화가였다. 공재는 중국과 일본의 지리서적과 지도들을 많이 보고 『동국여지지도』와『일본여도』를 제작하였다. 공재가『일본여도』를 제작할 때 이용한 일본지도는『본조도감강목』이다. 이 지도는 일본의 이시카와 류센이 일본지도에 우키요에 화법을 가미하여 일본지도를 아름답게 만든 지도이다. 이 지도는 1711년의 조선통신사 일행이 도입하여 윤두서에게 전해졌고 공재는 이 지도를 보고 『일본여도』를 제작하였다. 『일본여도』는 후에 공재의 외손인 다산 정약용에게 많은 영향을 주었다. 정약용은 지구구형설을 믿었으며 이러한 원리로 지도를 제작하여야만 올바른 지도를 만들 수 있다고 강조하였다. 다산은 『성경전도』 등을 연구하였고 일본의 정세에 대해서도 많은 연구를 하였기 때문에 일본 사정도 잘 알고 있었다. 다산은 공재가 그린 『일본여도』를 보고 매우 감탄하였으며 주변 사람들에게 자랑을 하였다. 그러나 『일본여도』는 일본의 지형과 경위도를 무시하고 아름답게 평면으로 그렸기 때문에 다산이 일본의 경위도를 파악하는데 지장을 주었다. Gongjae Yoon Du-seo was a representative artist of tenacity in the late Joseon Dynasty who painted while interacting with Lee Man-bu, Lee-seo, Shim Deuk-gyeong, and Lee Ha-gon. Gongjae read a lot of geographical books and maps of China and Japan and produced 『Dongguk Yeoji-do』 and 『Japanese Yeo-do』. The Japanese map that Gongjae used to produce 『Japanese Yeo-do』 was 『Bonjo Dogamgangmok』. This map is a map that Ishikawa Ryusen of Japan made the Japanese map beautiful by adding ukiyo-e painting to the Japanese map. This map was introduced by Joseon Tongsinsa in 1711 and handed down to Yun Du-seo, and Gongjae saw this map and produced 『Japanese Yeo-do』. 『Japanese Yeo-do』 later had a great influence on Dasan Jeong Yak-yong, the grandson of Gongjae. Jeong Yak-yong believed in the theory of the sphericity of the earth and emphasized that a correct map can be made only when a map is produced according to this principle. Since Dasan studied 『The Map of Manchuria』 and a lot of research on the situation in Japan, he was well aware of the situation in Japan. Dasan admired Gongjaes 『Japanese Yeo-do』 and boasted to the people around him. However, 『Japanese Yeo-do』 made it difficult for Dasan to grasp the longitude and latitude of Japan because the map was beautifully drawn flat without considering Japans topography and longitude and latitude.

Correlation Between Constituent Phase and Weld Metal Properties in Ni-Reduced Duplex Stainless Steel

Youngchai Lee,Jae Hee Lee,Joonoh Moon,Tae‑Ho Lee,Changhee Lee 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.8

The intrinsic properties of austenite and ferrite on the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the duplex stainlesssteel weld metals was studied by substituting Ni with Mn, N, and Mn + N. The properties of the weldments fabricated throughgas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) were evaluated using tensile test, Vickers hardness, and potentiodynamic polarizationtests. The mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the constituent phases were measured using nanoindentationand electron probe microanalysis, respectively. The austenite and ferrite phase fractions of the weld metal were maintainedat approximately 50:50, and no harmful phases degraded the properties. Excessive Mn decreased the corrosion resistance; alarge difference in corrosion resistance between austenite and ferrite also decreased the overall corrosion resistance. In thefiller metal in which Ni was replaced with only Mn or N, the austenite became harder than ferrite, as a result cracks initiatedinside the austenite. The tensile test showed that austenite, which became a relatively hard phase compared to ferrite accordingto the chemical composition, increased the yield strength and decreased the elongation of the weld metal.

한국인 관상동맥의 변화양상에 대한 형태학적 연구

권태정,이상용,이한영,고영창,권기석,조재홍,김태공,김유훈,조갑래,서중석,이원태 內務部 國立科學搜査硏究所 2001 國立 科學 搜査 硏究所 年報 Vol.33 No.-

1995-96년 한반도 남동부 지역의 미소지진 자료를 이용한 지각구조 모델의 비교 연구

이기화,정태웅,Lee, Gi Hwa,Jeong, Tae Ung 한국지구물리물리탐사학회 1999 지구물리 Vol.2 No.1

한국자원연구소 지진관측망의 1995-96년 미소지진 자료를 바탕으로 한반도 남동지역의 지각구조에 대하여, Lee (1979), 김상조·김소구(1983), 김성균·정부흥(1985)의 세 지각 모델 중 어느 것이 잔차의 최소자승을 만족하는지 검증하였다. 세 모델 잔차의 뚜렷한 차이가 관찰되지 않았으나, Lee 의 지각 모델이 약간 깊은 진원을 산출하는 경향이 있다. 한반도 지각의 층상구조는 아직 명백하지 않으므로 앞으로 더 많은 자연지진 자료 또는 인공지진 자료를 통해서 규명되어져야 한다. Using the microearthquake data acquired from 1995 to 1996 through the seismic network operated by the Korea Institute of Geology, Mining & Materials (KIGAM), the three P-wave velocity models proposed by Lee (1979), Kim·Kim (1983) and Kim·Jung (1985) concerning the structure of the southeastern part of the Korean peninsula were examined in terms of the least square errors of the P-wave arrival times. The three models do not differ significantly in arrival time residuals except that the Lee's model gives slightly deeper focuses than the others. The layering of the crust of the peninsula is not clear as yet and to be studied by more earthquake and explosion data in the future.