Efficient Interleukin-21 Production by Optimization of Codon and Signal Peptide in Chinese Hamster Ovarian Cells

( Hee Jun Cho ),( Byung Moo Oh ),( Jong-tae Kim ),( Jeewon Lim ),( Sang Yoon Park ),( Yo Sep Hwang ),( Kyoung Eun Baek ),( Bo-yeon Kim ),( Inpyo Choi ),( Hee Gu Lee ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2019 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.29 No.2

Interleukin-21 is a common γ-chain cytokine that controls the immune responses of B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells. Targeting IL-21 to strengthen the immune system is promising for the development of vaccines as well as anti-infection and anti-tumor therapies. However, the practical application of IL-21 is limited by the high production cost. In this study, we improved IL-21 production by codon optimization and selection of appropriate signal peptide in CHO-K1 cells. Codon-optimized or non-optimized human IL-21 was stably transfected into CHO-K1 cells. IL-21 expression was 10-fold higher for codon-optimized than non-optimized IL-21. We fused five different signal peptides to codon-optimized mature IL-21 and evaluated their effect on IL-21 production. The best result (a 3-fold increase) was obtained using a signal peptide derived from human azurocidin. Furthermore, codon-optimized IL-21 containing the azurocidin signal peptide promoted IFN-γ secretion and STAT3 phosphorylation in NK-92 cells similar to codon-optimized IL-21 containing original signal peptide. Collectively, these results indicate that codon optimization and azurocidin signal peptides provide an efficient approach for the high-level production of IL-21 as a biopharmaceutical.

β-Carotene과 알코올을 섭취한 쥐의 혈액 성분변화의 상관관계

고재웅,조만희,이상한,우기민,염윤기,김창세 순천향의학연구소 2000 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.6 No.2

The study was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary carotenids and β-carotene on the hematological changes caused by alcohol administration into the rats. The results were analyzed using several statistical methods; SPSS computer program for measuring the mean values and standard deviations, one way ANOVA for the test of significance, Duncan method for post HOC multiple comparison, and Pearson method for measuring the correlation coefficient. The following are the conclusion from those statistical analysis. 1. ALB and TB were shown to have the most significant correlation among the blood compositions f개m the basic dietary groups. 2. BUN and CHO were shown to have the most positive correlation among those from the carrot-fed groups. 3. CA and AG were shown positively correlated, and CHO and IP negatively correlated, respectively among those from the cheese-fed groups. 4. AP was shown positively correlated among those from the alcohol-administrated groups. 5. CHO, CA and BUN were shown positively correlated, and CA was negatively correlated among those from the β-Carotene -fed groups. 6. TB and TP were not affected by the correlations between the blood composition from all the experimental groups.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

이중 산화구 시스템에서 HRT에 따른 유기물 및 영양염류의 처리성 평가

윤조희,김승현,이상훈,정기홍 경남대학교 환경문제연구소 1999 환경연구 Vol.22 No.-

This study was conducted to estimate treatability of organics and nutrients at new developed double oxidation ditch system when the ratio of anoxic/oxic basin volume was 1. An internal recycle pump did not need because of using with port and baffle in this system. The results obtained from this study were as follows. The removal efficiency for TOC was over 93%, and the removal rate was 1215.3 g/㎥/day when the HRT was over 8hr. The removal efficiency for TIN was over 85%, and the maximum removal rate was 110.6 g/㎥/day when the HRT was over 16hr. The removal efficiency for PO₄^(3-)-P was 83%, and the maximum removal rate was 25.4 g/㎥/day when the HRT was 16hr.

양돈폐수의 영양염류(질소)제거에서 C/N비가 처리효율에 미치는 영향

윤조희 경남대학교 환경문제연구소 1997 환경연구 Vol.20 No.-

A biological treatment system using anaerobic-anoxic-oxic(A₂/O_ processes with a plugflow pattern under oxic conditions was employed for treatment of piggery wastewater including high-strength TN nitrogen. This system was named plug flow reactor(PFR) Operation of the system was performed on a lab-scale reactor in the range of 0.2 kg/㎥/d to 1.0 kg/㎥/d TOC loading rate with 32 hours total hydraulic rention time (A₂/O=8/8/16) at temerature of 22±1℃ during all experiment periods. Average removal efficiencies for TOC and TN in this system were 83.5% and 78.1%, respectively. High loading rates and high ration of nitrogento organic carbon were appeared not to be oxided to nitrate nitrongen and to cause nitrite nitrogen accumulation despite of operating 16hours HRT in oxic process for nitrification. Rates of nitrification and denitrification in the system were in the range of 0.055~0.107 gNH₄-N/gMLSS/d 0.063 ~ 0.120 gNO_(x)-N/gMLSS/d. respectively.

요통환자의 요부 안정화 운동 방법이 통증감소에 미치는 효과에 대한 연구

조미숙,최윤희,김경,이지연,김진섭 대구대학교 특수교육재활과학연구소 2010 再活科學硏究 Vol.28 No.1

요통이란 근 골격의 이상으로 인한 통증으로 흉추 10번 이하의 허리부위에서 통증이 3일 이상 지속되는 경우를 말하며 인구의 약80% 이상이 일생을 통해 적어도 한번쯤은 겪게 된다. 이러한 요통은 체간의 연부조직의 손상이나 근력의 약화가 주요원인으로 작용하며, 이로 인해 통증, 지구력 감소, 관절가동범위 제한, 보행능력 감소를 유발한다. 이는 요통과 운동이 많은 관련성을 가지고 있다고 사료되며 그 중 요부 안정화 운동이 요통 환자의 통증 감소에 미치는 효과에 대해 선행연구들을 살펴봄으로써 효과적인 요부 안정화 운동방법과 적용에 도움을 주고자한다. Damage of soft tissue in lumbar interbody and weakness of muscular strength are the major causes of lower back pain, which results in inducing pain sensation, reducing muscular endurance and flexibility, limiting range of motion, and lowering locomotive capacity. Lower back pain is considered to be closely related to exercise. Exercise intervention in patients with low back pain being used as one of the spinal stabilization exercises and low back pain patients that exercise is effective in reducing the pain has been reported. Therefore, patients with low back pain of spinal stabilization exercises for pain reduction, previous studies on the effect of spinal stabilization exercise by examining how effective and will give help to apply.

창원시의 A하천 유입오염부하량 실태조사

윤조희,이상훈,조성호 경남대학교 환경문제연구소 1998 환경연구 Vol.21 No.-

To obtain basic data for water quality management and improvement of A-stream located at changwon city, this study was carried out to investigate and estimate flowrates and the characteristics of water pollutants such as organics and nutrients etc, discharging into main A stream where located to flow at commercial and residential areas. A stream was divided five section and field studies have been from June 1997 to May 1998 for one year. The results obtained from this research were follows. The flowrates at the lower site(A-5) of A stream were varied from 19,967 ㎥/day in winter to 29.074㎥/day in summer season. And BOD and COD concentrations at the same sampling site were yearly mean values 45.4㎎/L and 21.38㎎/L, and loading rates 1042.7㎏/d and 548.1㎏/d, respectively. The ratio of BOD loading in A-3 to A-5 to total section were occupied 0.90. T-N and T-P concentrations were obseved average values 27.79㎎/L and 1.47 ㎎/L yearly, loading rates 477.04 ㎏/d and 29.75 ㎏/d, respectively. The value for ratio of T-N loading in A-3 to A-5 to total section were 0.86. similar to the above value, 0.90 for BOD loading ratio. It is consequently necessary to take into account that the policy and master plan must firstly be to reduce pollutants loading rates inputing into A-3 to A-5 at A stream.

서울시 대기오염과 일별 사망의 상관성에 관한 시계열적 연구 (1998~2001년)

조용성,이종태,김윤신,홍승철,김호,하은희,박혜숙,이보은 한국대기환경학회 2003 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.19 No.6

This study was performed to examine the relationship between air pollution exposure and mortality in Seoul for the years of 1998~2001I. Daily counts of death were analyzed by general additive Poisson model, with adjustment for effects of seasonal trend, air temperature, humidity, and day of the week as confounders in a nonparametric approach. Daily death counts were associated with CO (current day), 0₃(current day), PM_(10) (current day), NO₂, (1 day before), SO₂, (1 day before). Increase of 41.711㎍/㎥ (interquartile range) in PM_(10) was associated with 1.3% (95% CI = 0.7~1.9%) increase in the daily number of death. 0₃concentrations resulted in an increased risk of 1.3% for 23.86 ppb in all-aged mortality [RR = 1.013 (1.004-1.023)]. This effect was greater in children (less than 15 aged) and elderly (more than 65 aged). After ozone level exceeds 25 ppb, the dose-response relationship between mortality and ozone was almost linear. We concluded that Seoul had 1~5% increase in mortality in association with IQR (interquartile range) in air pollutants. Daily variations in air pollution within the range currently occurring in Seoul might have an adverse effect on daily mortality. These findings also support the hypothesis that air pollution, at levels below the current ambient air quality standards of Korea, is harmful to sensitive subjects, such as children or elderly.

중수도 처리용 오존발생기 처리성능평가

윤조희 경남대학교 환경문제연구소 1997 환경연구 Vol.19 No.-

In oder to determine the feasibility of using ozone for wastewater reclamation and reuse, effluent treated by an activated sludge process as model water was ozonated in cylinderical bubble column reactor. Pilot-scale plant was operated 1㎥/day under ozone raction time of one hour. The results of this study are as follows. Ozonation could improve the characteristics of model water for reuse in terms of organic material(BOD), color and E.coliform bacteria, but not improve that of water for SS, TN and TP. This study found that ozone process was applicable as a unit, process for wastewater reuse system.

분리 유채단백의 전기영동 패턴에 미치는 Phytate의 영향

조희경,윤재영,이서래 이화여자대학교 생명과학연구소 1992 생명과학연구논문집 Vol.3 No.-

영양 저해인자로 알려진 phytate를 제거한 분리 유채단백(low-phytate rapeseed protein isolate)을 제조하여 유채단백질과 phytate와의 결합양상에 미치는 pH 및 phytate 첨가량의 영향을 알아보기 위하여 SDS-polyacrylamide gel 전기영동법을 수행 하였다. 가용화된 분리 유채단백은 pH2.0과 pH5.0에서 phytate 첨가량이 증가할수록 가용성 단백질 band의 수가 감소하였으며 pH11.5에서는 band의 변화가 없었다. pH2.0에서 대조군의 18개 band중 7개의 band(105.8,52.3,27.3, 34.8, 36.3, 21.3, 18.4 KDa)가 100mg phytate 첨가시 침전되었으며 150mg 첨가시에는 6개의 band (78.8, 46.5, 19.4, 16.8, 11.7, 8.5KDa)가 더 사라졌다. ph5.0에서는 대조군과 비교하여 15개의 band중 4개의 band( 34.8, 21.3, 18.4, 16.8KDa)만이 phytate 첨가시 침전되었다. 따라서 유채단백을 식품소재로 이용하기 위해서는 phytate 함량을 낮춤으로써 그의 기능성을 향상시킬 수 있을 것이다. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of pH and phytate level on the solubility of the protein due to binding between phytate and low-phytate rapeseed protein isolate by means of SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results showed that the number of protein bands decreased by the increasing amount of phytate added to the soluble extreact at pH 2.0 and 5.0 whereas there was no change at pH 11.5. Among 18 bands of rapeseed proteins at pH 2.0 seven bands (105.8, 52.3, 37.3,26.3,21.3,18.4 KDa) were removed by precipitation with 100mg phytate addition and six bands(78.8, 46.5, 19.4, 16.8, 11.7, 8.5KDa) further disappeared by 150mg phytate addition. Among 15 bands at pH 5.0, only four bands disappeared by phytate addition. It is suggested that thefunctionality of rapeseed protein isolate can be improved by lowering the phytate content.