A Note on the Minimization of the Expected Makespan and the Expected Flow Time in M Machine Flow Shops with Blocking

Wie Sung Hwan Military Operations Research Society of Korea 1984 한국국방경영분석학회지 Vol.10 No.2

Consider an m machine flow shop with blocking. The processing time of job j,j=1,..., n on each one of the m machines is equal to the same random variable $X_j$ and is distributed according to $F_i$. We assume that the processing times are stochastically ordered, i.e., $F_{1_{-st}}{<}F_{2_{st}}{<}cdots_{-st}{<}F_n$. We show that the sequence 1,3,5,...,n-1,n,n-2,...,6,4,2 when n is even and sequence 1,3,5,...,n-2,n,n-1 ... 6,4,2 when n is odd minimizes the expected makespan and that the sequence 1,...,n minimizes the expected flow time.

운동수행 및 회복기의 순환계 반응과 요성분 변화

위승두,이재엽,서영환,구희성 朝鮮大學校 스포츠科學硏究所 2004 스포츠科學硏究 Vol.15 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of routine jogging exercise on cardiorespiratory function and blood lipid and urine components change in 40 year's Korean men. The subjects consisted of 20 middle-aged routine jogging group participated 30~40 min at 70% of the heart rate max 3-4 days per week 1 year more and 20 control group. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The HR rest was decreased and HR max was increased by routine jogging group while no significance existed. Vo_(2) max was significantly increased in routine jogging grouP(p<0.05) while SBP and DBP were not changed. 2. Fat% was not significantly decreased in jogging group. 3. pH in urine showed no change among the jogging group, but the control group showed a slight change from 5.0 to 7.2. For the control group, specific gravity (S.G.) was 1.018 at rest, 1.029 after exercise, for the jogging group specific gravity was 0.1818 at rest, 1.022 after exercise. 4. The protein change was negative for all subjects but two of them was trace after exercise. The change of glucose, bilirubin, urobilinogen, and ketone body was also normal for all subjects before and after exercise. This result indicate that routine jogging exercise decreases the risk of degenerative disease. 40 year's middle-aged man must improve theircardiorespiratory function to protect and recover degenerative disease.

류마티스 혈관염에 병발된 다발성 단신경염 1 예

강성호,이상헌,박성환,김석찬,김용주,김호연,조철수,위성헌 대한내과학회 1995 대한내과학회지 Vol.49 No.1

Mononeuritis multiplex is characterized by multifocal and random lesions of peripheral nerves and associated with systemic vasculitis such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, polyarteritis nodosa. Sjogren syndrome, temporal arteritis, leprosy, amyloidosis. Mononeuritis multiplex was distributed bilaterally throughout the body. The early diagnosis and the aggressive treatment should be required in view of the significant mortality. We experienced a case of vasculitis of rheumatoid arthritis complicated by mononeuritis multiplex. We could make a diagnosis based on the biopsy of the peroneal muscle and the sural nerve. Pathologic findings showed vasculitic change of muscle and vasa nervorum. Electrodiagnostic abnormalities were very similar to those seen in mononeuritis multiplex. This patient was treated with prednisolone plus cyclophosphamide. He showed clinical improvement and was discharged. We presents this case with a review of the literature.

다발성 관절염을 동반한 골수이형성 증후군 1 예

강성호,이상헌,박성환,전희경,변병훈,김호연,이원영,조철수,위성헌,문윤기,정재열 대한내과학회 1996 대한내과학회지 Vol.50 No.1

Rheumatic manifestations in myelodysplastic syndroms(MDS) are divided into different categories' inflammatory arthritis, cutaneous vasculitis, neuropathy, and patients with both rheumatic disease and MDS. The followings are the characteristics of inflammatory arthritis in MDS: Serologic studies are repeatedly negative. Radiologic studies show no bony erosion. The arthritis responses to oral prednisolone with hematologic improvement. We report a case of 25-year-old female with seronegative inflammatory polyarthritis in MDS. She showed prompt response to oral prednisolone therapy with resolution of the arthritis and hematologic abnormalities.

Case Reports : Acute Respiratory Failure Associated with Cryptococcal Pneumonia and Disseminated Cryptococcosis in an AIDS Patient

Kyoung Hwan Lee,U Im Chang,Hyung Wook Kim,Guil Sun Kim,Sung Kyoung Kim,Jin Young Yoo,Seong Heon Wie 대한내과학회 2006 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.21 No.1

Fucoidan attenuates 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity by exerting anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic actions in SH-SY5Y cells

Kim, Myung-Hwan,Namgoong, Hoon,Jung, Bae-Dong,Kwon, Myung-Sang,Choi, Yeon-Shik,Shin, Taekyun,Kim, Hyoung-Chun,Wie, Myung-Bok The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 2017 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.57 No.1

Parkinson's disease (PD) is an irreversible neurological disorder with related locomotor dysfunction and is characterized by the selective loss of nigral neurons. PD can be experimentally induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). It has been reported that reactive oxygen species, which deplete endogenous glutathione (GSH) levels, may play important roles in the dopaminergic cell death characteristic of PD. Fucoidan, a sulfated algal polysaccharide, exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant actions. In this study, we investigated whether fucoidan can protect against 6-OHDA-mediated cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by using MTT and LDH assays. Fucoidan alleviated cell damage evoked by 6-OHDA dose-dependently. Fucoidan reduced the number of apoptotic nuclei and the extent of annexin-V-associated apoptosis, as revealed by DAPI staining and flow cytometry. Elevation of lipid peroxidation and caspase-3/7 activities induced by 6-OHDA was attenuated by fucoidan, which also protected against cytotoxicity evoked by buthionine-sulfoximine-mediated GSH depletion. Reduction in the glutathione/glutathione disulfide ratio induced by 6-OHDA was reversed by fucoidan, which also inhibited 6-OHDA-induced disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential. The results indicate that fucoidan may have protective action against 6-OHDA-mediated neurotoxicity by modulating oxidative injury and apoptosis through GSH depletion.

성형툴의 상태에 따른 탄소섬유강화 복합재 구조물의 변형 예측

성수환 ( Su Hwan Sung ),김위대 ( Wie Dae Kim ) 한국복합재료학회 2014 Composites research Vol.27 No.6

오토클레이브 성형은 성형제품의 품질은 우수하나 생산비용이 비싸다는 단점이 있다. 생산비용 중에서도큰 비중을 차지하는 것이 성형툴의 제작공정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 생산비용 절감을 위한 선행 연구로서 성형툴의 재질 및 표면상태에 따라 L-shape 제품의 성형후 Spring-in을 Abaqus user subroutine을 이용하여 계산하였고, 열팽창계수와 마찰계수에 따른 결과를 나타내었다. 또한 성형툴 제작시 재질 및 표면상태의 기준점을 제시하여 생산비용을 줄이는데 기여하고자 한다. Autoclave processing has a good quality of product, but manufacturing cost is expansive. After curing ofcomposite, the unwanted deformation and distortion increase the manufacturing cost by redesign of tool parts. Therefore, manufacturing cost down is a big issue in processing level. For the reduction of tool costs, it is importantto investigate the effects of tool materials and tool surface conditions. In this paper, we organized user subroutine inABAQUS to consider the thermal effects of part and tool, and the results are compared with commercial code,COMPRO. And this paper suggests reference point for the selection of tool materials to reduce manufacturing costs.

재조합 Gag 단백질 항원을 이용한 HIV-1 특이 T 세포성 면역반응의 측정

정현,위성헌,김윤정,김상일,김양리,김태규,양세환,성영철,강문원 대한감염학회 2006 감염과 화학요법 Vol.38 No.6

Background : HIV-specific immunity, such as strong CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) responses, develops soon after HIV infection, but usually it can not control HIV replication which ultimately results in severe immune deficiency. HIV-specific CTLs, which are induced by HIV-specific CD4+ helper responses, are the key to cellular immune control of HIV. Measurement of HIV-1-specific CTLs using recombinant Gag protein may be very useful, because it is not restricted by HLA haplotype of the infected individual. Materials and Methods : Enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays by using recombinant Gag protein were performed to evaluate HIV-1-specific gamma-interferon cellular responses of 25 HIV-1 infected Korean patients, who had been treated at least for the prior 12 months with highly active antiretroviral therapy at Catholic University Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital. Results : The study group consisted of 25 chronically HIV-infected individuals with a median age of 51 years. The median CD4 counts were 556/mm³ (range : 369-994/mm³) and HIV RNA titers were < 25 copies/mL (range : <25-180copies/mL). HIV-1-specific ELISPOT assay results range from 0 to 49 SFCs/2×10^(5) PBMCs (median, 23.5 SFCs/2×10^(5) PBMCs). CMV pp65-specific ELISPOT assay results range from 5 to 591 SFCs/2×10^(5) PBMCs (median, 34 SFCs/2×10^(5) PBMCs). There was no correlation between CD4 counts and HIV-1-specific SFCs measured by ELISPOT using recombinant protein. Conclusion : ELISPOT assays by using recombinant Gag protein may be considerable value in the assessment of cell-mediated immunity of HIV-1 infected patients. 목적 : HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)에 감염되면 HIV 특이 세포성 면역반응이 발생하지만 다른 바이러스 감염과 달리 형성된 HIV 특이 세포성 면역반응이 HIV의 증식을 완벽하게 조절하지 못하면서 심한 면역결핍상태에까지 이르게 된다. 에이즈 치료를 위해 백신 등으로 HIV-특이 CD8+ 세포독성 T림프구의 기능을 증강시키려는 노력이 진행되고 있어 기존의 CD4+, CD8+ T림프구의 정량 외에 HIV-특이 CD4+, CD8+ T림프구를 정확히 측정하는 것이 중요하며 세포성 면역능 측정법을 확립하고자 한다. 재료 및 방법 : 가톨릭대학교 강남성모병원에서 병합요법을 적어도 12개월 이상 받고 있는 HIV-1에 감염된 한국인 환자 25명을 대상으로 HIV-1에 특이적인 IFN-γ 세포성 면역반응을 측정하기 위해 재조합 Gag 단백질을 이용한 ELISPOT 분석을 사용하였다. 결과 : 본 연구의 그룹은 중간나이가 52세인 만성HIV-1에 감염된 25명의 환자로 구성되어 있다. 환자들의 평균 CD4+ T림프구 수치는 576.7개/mm³ (369-994/mm³)였고 평균 HIV RNA 수치는 한명(180 copies/mL)을 제외하고는 모두 25 copies/mL 미만이었다. 다양한 HLA형에서 ELISPOT으로 Gag 단백질에 대한 세포성면역반응을 측정한 결과 최소 0에서 최대 49 SFCs/2×10^(5)PBMCs을 보였고, 중간값은 23.5 SFCs/ 2×10^(5) PBMCs였다. 동시에 시행한 CMV pp65에 대한 세포매개면역의 측정에서는 최소 5에서 최대 591/2×10^(5) PBMCs으로 나타났고, 중간값은 34 SFCs/2×10^(5) PBMCs였다. 환자들의 CD4T 림프구 수치와 HIV-1 특이 SFC 수치 및 CD4 T 림프구 수치와 CMV pp65 특이 SFC 수치 사이에는 통계적으로 유의한 상관성이 없었다. 결론 : 재조합 Gag 단백질을 이용한 ELISPOT 측정법은 HLA형의 제한을 받지 않고 HIV-1 감염 환자의 세포성 면역을 측정하는 유용한 방법이 될 수 있다. 향후 HIV-1 급성 감염환자나 약물치료를 받지 않는 환자들을 대상으로 더욱 광범위한 연구가 요구된다.

국내 항생제의 생산 실태와 변화 추세(IV)

김윤정,이승환,강유나,김원철,김상일,위성헌,김양리,강문원 대한감염학회 2005 감염과 화학요법 Vol.37 No.5

목적 : 2003년에 국내에서 생산된 항생제의 생산액과 생산량을 알아보고 이를 1980년도 이후의 자료와 비교하여 20여년간 국내 항생제 생산 실태와 변화 추세를 통해 항생제의 적절한 사용에 참고가 되고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 한국 제약 협회에서 발간하는 '의약품 등 생산 실적표'를 토대로 하여 국내에서 생산된 항생제를 성분명에 따라 분류하여 각계열별로 생산액과 생산량을 산출하였다. 이 결과를 생산액은 1981년, 1988년, 1993년, 1998년의 자료와, 생산량은 1983년, 1988년, 1993년 그리고 1998년의 자료와 비교하였다. 결과 : 2003년 항생제의 총 생산액은 13,059억원이고 생산량은 965 톤으로 1980년 이후 계속 증가하는 추세이다. 전체 생산액 중 cephalosporin이 5,951억(45.6%)으로 가장 많이 생산되었으며 생산량 또한 cephalosporin이 252톤(26.2%)으로 가장 많이 차지하였다. Cephalosporin세대별 생산액은 2세대 cephalosporin이 2,384억원으로 가장 많았고, 생산량을 보면 1세대 cephalosporin이 가장 많이 생산되었다. 그러나 전체 cephalosproin 중 1세대와 2세대가 차지하는 비율은 점차 감소 추세이며 대신 3세대와 4세대 cephalosporin이 차지하는 비율이 점점 증가하고 있다. 두 번째로 생산량이 많은 것은 penicillin계이나 1998년과 비교하여서는 25% 감소하였다. Penicillin 계는 예전과 마찬가지로 aminopenicillin이 차지하는 비율이 가장 커서 전체 penicillin 생산액의 96%, 생산량의 97%를 차지하였고, 이 중 특히 beta-lactamase inhibitor 복합제가 가장 많았으며 이는 1988년 이후 꾸준히 증가 추세이다. Aminoglycoside의 생산액은 1,187억원으로 1998년과 비슷한 수준이나, 생산액은 20.3톤으로 감소하였다. Quinolone 계의 생산량이 크게 증가하여 1998년 대비 생산량은 641%, 생산액은 31% 증가하였고 이 중 ciprofloxacin이 생산액의 36%를 차지하였다. 항진균제와 glycopeptide계, carbapenem계 또한 증가하고 있다. 결론 : 2003년도에 전반적으로 항생제 생산액과 생산량이 증가 추세이나, 2000년 이후 증가율은 좀 둔화되었으며, 새로운 고가의 항생제들이 점차 많이 사용되는 양상이다. Background : It is difficult to know the actual situation of antibiotic usage in Korea. We investigated the trend of antibiotic production every five years from 1981 to 2003 by using two parameters : the cost and the amount of antibiotics produced in Korea. Materials and Methods : We analysed the data from "Annual Products of Medicine" published by Korea Pharmaceutical Manufactures Association. All antibiotics were classified into generic names, and the cost and the amount of antibiotic produced were compared with the results from previous years. Results : The total production cost and the amount of antibiotics increased since 1980 and by 2003, it was 1,306 billion won and 965 tons respectively. However, the increasing rate of production cost has slowed down since 2000. Among all antibiotics produced in Korea, cephalosporins recorded the highest production cost, reaching 595 billion won (45.6%) in 2003. Cephalosporins made the largest portion of the total amount : 252 tons (26.2%). Both 3^(rd) and 4^(th) generation cephlosporins have increased gradually. The second most frequently produced antibiotics in terms of amount were penicillins, although it decreased by 25% since 1998. Aminoglycosides showed similar production cost, but the production amount decreased compared to that of 1998. The production amount of quinolones had skyrocketed to 641% from 1998. Tetracyclines, lincosamides, and chloramphenicols insignificantly decreased in both production cost and amount. Conclusion : There seems to be an increase of antibiotics in production cost and amount in Korea, but the overall increasing rate of the cost has slowed down since 2000. The newer and more expensive antibiotics have grown in production.

황색포도알균에 의한 다발성 화농성 근염 1예

전준한,이경환,김윤정,김상일,김양리,위성헌,허지안,강문원 대한감염학회 2007 감염과 화학요법 Vol.39 No.6

화농성 근염은 골격근의 급성 세균성 감염 질환으로서 당뇨, 인면역결핍바이러스 감염, 항암 치료중인 종양 환자 등 처럼 면역력이 떨어진 환자가 아닌 경우라면 온대 기후 지방에서는 드문 질환이다. 한국에서 보고된 화농성 근염의 경우 단발성 혹은 1-2개정도의 근육에만 국한된 경우가 대부분이었다. 본 증례는 흥부, 복부, 골반 부위 등의 다발성 근육을 침범하였다. 병변에서 흡인한 농에서 황색 포도알균이 분리되었다. 진단과 치료의 지연은 황색포도알균의 다발성 화농성 근염을 악화시켰다. 세파졸린 항생제의 투여 및 적절한 배농술을 통해 약 1개월 이후 환자는 완전히 회복되었다. Pyomyositis, the suppurative infection of skeletal muscle, is rarely found in areas of temperate climates unless the patients have immune suppressing conditions such as diabetes, human immunodeficiency viral infection, or chemotherapy. Most reported pyomyositis cases in Korea showed localized involvement in only one or two muscles, Previously, no case of pyomyositis with multifocal metastatic dissemination has been reported in Korea. This case of pyomyositis in 51 year old man involved multiple muscles including the chest wall muscles, abdominal muscles and pelvic muscles. Pus culture results revealed Staphylococcus aureus as the causative organism. Delayed diagnosis and prior treatment of two months before visiting our hospital were considered as the causes for the metastatic dissemination of the organism. After 1 month of treatment with aggressive surgical drainage and intravenous cefazolin the patient fully recovered.