Classification of acute clinical mastitis on the base of vital signs and complete blood count test in dairy cows

Hur, Tai-Young,Kang, Seog-Jin,Jung, Young-Hun,Lee, Hyun-June,Ki, Kwang-Seok,Choe, Chang-Yong,Suh, Guk-Hyun The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 2013 대한수의학회지 Vol.53 No.1

This study was carried out to evaluate the diagnosis of acute clinical mastitis (ACM) which was based on the vital signs and complete blood count (CBC) tests in dairy cows. Twenty eight dairy cows diagnosed with ACM, were selected for the study between Jan 2003 and July 2006 in the National Institute of Animal Science. Based on their vital signs (rectal temperature, depression, rumen contraction and, dehydration status), ACM was divided into three different classes; mild, moderate and severe forms. In addition, ACM cows were subjected to CBC tests for further diagnosis of ACM. Of the 27 dairy cows diagnosed with ACM, 3 cows were determined to have a mild form, while moderate and sever forms were each observed in twelve cows. Among of them, 4 cows died, 5 cows were culled and 18 cows were recovered. In the mild form, all haematological parameters were comparable with normal values. However, leukopenia, due to neutropenia and lymphocytopenia, appeared characteristically in the moderate and severe forms. Using the observation of vital signs in conjunction with CBC tests, the diagnosis of ACM is more accurate, and is helpful in making decisions of whether treatment or culling of dairy cows infected with ACM is most appropriate.

Scanning electron microscopy of filiform papillae development in Korean native goats (Capra hircus)

Lee, Si-Joon,Cho, Gyu-Hyen,Kim, Mun-Ki,Kim, Chong-Sup,Won, Chung-Kil The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 2018 대한수의학회지 Vol.58 No.4

The aim of this study was to investigate morphological development of filiform papillae (FP) in Korean native goats by using scanning electron microscopy. Tongues were removed from goat fetuses (days 60, 90, and 120), neonates, and juveniles (days 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 after birth). During the prenatal period, primordia of FP appeared at fetal day 60 and were observed to be developed at day 90. At fetal day 120, the FP were observed like flower leaves of a double flower bud. In neonates, FP were shaped like an obliquely sectioned cylinder with secondary papillae irregularly arranged in a saw blade-like manner. In 60-day-old juvenile goats, the FP were densely distributed at the inner base of 1/3-1/2 degrees. In 90-, 120-, and 150-day-old goats, FP were compacted at the inner base of 1/2-2/3, 3/4, and 4/5 degrees, respectively. In 180-day-old goats, FP were found to be completely compacted on the inner surface with complete morphogenesis. Microridges, microplicae, and micropits were well-developed on the epithelial surface of lingual papillae from embryonic day 120 to juvenile day 180. These results indicate that FP of goats have different shapes and sizes during development both before and after birth.

Use of veterinary medicinal products in the Philippines: regulations, impact, challenges, and recommendations

Maria Ruth B. Pineda-Cortel,Elner H. del Rosario,Oliver B. Villaflores The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 2024 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.25 No.2

Agricultural production is a major driver of the Philippine economy. Mass production of animal products, such as livestock and poultry farming, is one of the most prominent players in the field. Filipino farmers use veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) when raising agricultural animals to improve animal growth and prevent diseases. Unfortunately, the extensive use of VMPs, particularly antibiotics, has been linked to drug resistance in animals, particularly antibiotics. Antimicrobial gene products produced in animals due to the prolonged use of VMPs can passed on to humans when they consume animal products. This paper reviews information on the use of VMPs in the Philippines, including the regulations, their impact, challenges, and potential recommendations. The Philippines has existing legislation regulating VMP use. Several agencies were tasked to regulate the use of VMPs, such as the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Health, and the Philippine National Action Plan. Unfortunately, there is a challenge to implementing these regulations, which affects consumers. The unregulated use of VMPs influences the transmission of antibiotic residues from animals to crops to humans. This challenge should be addressed, with more focus on stricter regulation.

Serranidae (Coreoperca herzi) 췌장 내분비세포에 대한 면역조직화학적 연구

이재현,구세광,이형식,함태수,Lee, Jae-hyun,Ku, Sae-kwang,Lee, Hyeung-sik,Ham, Tae-su The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 2003 대한수의학회지 Vol.43 No.3

The regional distribution and relative frequency of some endocrine cells in the pancreas of the Korean aucha perch, Coreoperca herzi Herzenstein belonging to the family Serranidae in order Perciformis, were observed using specific mammalian antisera against serotonin, insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP) by peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) method. The pancreas was divided into four portions (principal and secondary islets, exocrine and pancreatic duct regions). In addition, the pancreatic islet regions were further subdivided into three regions (central, mantle and peripheral regions). Spherical to spindle or occasionally round to oval immunoreactive (IR) cells were demonstrated in the pancreatic islets and exoccrine portions, but no cells were detected in the pancreatic duct portions. In the principal islets, serotonin-IR cells were not detected but most of insulin-IR cells were located in the central regions and they were also demonstrated in the mantle and peripheral regions in moderate and rare frequencies, respectively. Glucagon- and hPP-IR cells were mainly situated in the mantle regions but the cells were also demonstrated in the peripheral regions in relatively lower frequency. Somatostatin-IR cells were evenly distributed in the central and mantle regions in a few frequency and cells were also demonstrated in the peripheral regions in rare frequency. Cell clusters were consisted of hPP-IR cells that were situated in the peripheral to mantle regions. In the secondary islet portions, serotonin-IR cells were randomly distributed throughout the whole pancreatic islet regions but lower frequency was detected in the peripheral regions compared to that in central and mantle regions where cells were detected in a few frequency, respectively. Insulin-IR cells were restricted to the central regions in numerous frequency and glucagon-IR cells were evenly distributed in the mantle and peripheral regions in moderate frequencies, respectively. Somatostatin-IR cells were observed in the central and mantle regions in moderate and a few frequencies, respectively. In addition, hPP-IR cells showed similar distributional patterns to those of glucagon-IR cells except cells were also located in the central regions in rare frequency. In the exocrine portions, only glucagon- and hPP-IR cells were demonstrated in rare and a few frequencies, respectively. In conclusion, the regional distribution and relative frequency of pancreatic endocrine cells of the Korean aucha perch showed general patterns, which were observed in other teleost. However, some species-dependent different distributional patterns and/or relative frequencies were also demonstrated especially to serotonin-IR cells. In pancreas of the Korean aucha perch, insulin-IR cells were the most predominant cell type followed by glucagon-, somatostatin-, hPP- and serotonin-IR cells.

Korean variant dogs have red blood cells with high amino acid accumulation

Fujise, Hiroshi,Lim, Yoon-kyu,Lee, Kyoung-kap,Kim, Seong-hee,Hahn, Woong,Kim, Gon-hyung,Kim, Ji-hyun,Ko, Young-su,Kim, Sung-sun,Youn, Hwa-young,Youn, Sin-keun,Lee, Yong-soon,Ochiai, Hideharu,Tanaka, Y The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 1999 대한수의학회지 Vol.39 No.4

Amino acids, Na, K and glutathione (GSH) in red blood cells (RBCs) and hematological indices were examined in Korean dogs. A total of seven dogs possessing RBCs with high K and high glutathione (GSH)(HK/HG) were found in 42 Korean dogs : three from Cheju dog, two from Jindo dog and two from Korean mongrel. The RBCs in Korean HK/HG dog contained abnormally high aspartate (Asp), Glu and glutamine (Gln) the same as in HK/HG RBCs from Japanese Shiba dog. Two dogs possessing RBCs with HK and low GSH (HK/LG) were found in Cheju dog, and they accumulated Asp and Gln. Thus, not only the existence of HK dog was confirmed in Korean dogs, but HK/LG dog was also found. The Asp concentration in RBCs from seven of 33 LK dogs was more than $1000{\mu}mol/lc$, the same as in variant LK RBCs with defective Glu/Asp transport (LK/GAT), while it was less than $800{\mu}mol/lc$ in normal LK RBCs. Thus, there were variant dogs having RBCs with abnormally high amino acids accumulation among HK and LK Korean dogs.

A radiographic study of growth plate closure compared with age in the Korean native goat

Choi, Hojung,Shin, Heejae,Kang, Sangkyu,Lee, Heechun,Cho, Jongki,Chang, Dongwoo,Lee, Youngwon,Jeong, Seong Mok,Park, Seongjun,Shin, Sang Tae The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 2006 대한수의학회지 Vol.46 No.3

This study was performed to assess the growth plate closure time with aging in the Korean native goat. Radiographs of proximal and distal epiphysis of humerus, radius, ulna, femur and tibia were obtained at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18, 20, 21, 30, 43 and 52 weeks after birth in 30 Korean native goats. The secondary ossification centers were scrutinized and assessed the maturity process on the basis of the criteria(stage 0 to 10). The secondary ossification centers of proximal and distal epiphysis of humerus, radius, femur and tibia and proximal ulna epiphysis appeared immediately after birth. While, that of distal ulna epiphysis appeared during the 1st to 2nd week of life. The fusion of distal humeral epiphysis occurred during the period from 8 to 12 months. The fusion of proximal radial epiphysis and distal tibial epiphysis were found at 1 year. The fusion of proximal and distal epiphysis of ulna and femur, proximal epiphysis of humerus and tibia and distal epiphysis of radius were found at 1 year or more than 1 year. As a result, growth plate closure was highly related to age in the Korean native goat and it is suggested that the estimation of animal's age might be useful by illustration of maturity process of the secondary ossification centers in the Korean native goat.

An Immunohistochemical study of the gastro-entero-pancreatic endocrine cells of the insectivorous Korean mole, Talpa micrura coreana

이형식,이재현,Lee, Hyeung-sik,Lee, Jae-hyun The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 1996 대한수의학회지 Vol.36 No.4

The regional distribution and relative frequencies of the gastro-entero-pancreatic endocrine cells were studied immunohistochemically in the GIT and pancreas of the Korean mole. Seven kinds of endocrine cells were identified in this study. Although 5-HT- and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were seen throughout the GIT, they were most predominant in the pyloric gland region. Glucagon-immunoreactive cells were restricted on the large intestine. Bovine CG-immunoreactive cells were more frequent in the stomach than in the intestines which were not detected in the duodenum. Numerous Gas/CCK-immunoreactive cells were found in the pyloric gland region, but rarely in the jejunum and ileum. BPP-immunoreactive cells were observed to be rare in the stomach and ileum but were a few in number in the intestines. In the pancreas, four types, namely, glucagon-, somatostatin-, BPP- and insulin-immunoreactive cells were identified in the pancreatic islets and exocrine portion. These results suggest that although endocrine cells of the Korean mole is less abundant in the duodenum, the distribution pattern of its gastro-entero-pancreatic endocrine cells is similar to that reported for the Korean hedgehog.

Immunohistochemical study of pancreatic poly-peptide-immunoreactive cells in the pancreas of the Korean native goat (Capra hircus) during developmental stages

함태수,Ham, Tae-su The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 2000 대한수의학회지 Vol.40 No.3

The regional distribution and relative frequency of the pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-immunoreactive cells in the pancreas of the Korean native goat (Capra hircus) were studied by immunohistochemical methods (PAP methods) using specific antisera against to PP during developmental stage, fetus, neonate, 1-month-old, 6-month-old and adult. The different regional distribution and relative frequency of PP-immunoreactive cells in the pancreas of Korean native goat were observed during development. In the exocrine portions, they were detected in the all ages and distributed in the interacinar regions. PP-immunoreactive cells were increased from neonate to 1-month-old but thereafter decreased with developmental stage. In the pancreatic duct, PP-immunoreactive cells were demonstrated from 1-month-old but they were decreased with developmental stages in these regions. These cells were observed in the subepithelial connective tissue of the pancreatic duct with a few frequencies in 1-and 6-month-old. However, they were located in the interepithelial cells of the pancreatic duct in the adult with rare frequency. In the endocrine portion (pancreatic islets), PP-immunoreactive cells were observed from neonate, and the regional distribution of PP-immunoreactive cells from 1-month-old was divided into two patterns : dispersed 1) in the marginal regions of the pancreatic islets with moderate or a few frequencies, and 2) in the whole pancreatic islets (in a case of 1-month-old) or in the central cores (in a case of 6-month-old and adult) with numerous frequency. In conclusion, the different regional distribution and relative frequency of PP-immunoreactive cells in the pancreas of the Korean native goat were observed during development. It is suggested that the changing of feeding habits and physiological conditions during different developmental stages may cause these differences.

Isolation and identification of mammalian orthoreovirus type 3 from a Korean roe deer (Capreolus pygargus)

Yang, Dong-Kun,An, Sungjun,Park, Yeseul,Yoo, Jae Young,Park, Yu-Ri,Park, Jungwon,Kim, Jong-Taek,Ahn, Sangjin,Hyun, Bang-Hun The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 2021 대한수의학회지 Vol.61 No.2

Mammalian reovirus (MRV) causes respiratory and intestinal disease in mammals. Although MRV isolates have been reported to circulate in several animals, there are no reports on Korean MRV isolates from wildlife. We investigated the biological and molecular characteristics of Korean MRV isolates based on the nucleotide sequence of the segment 1 gene. In total, 144 swabs from wild animals were prepared for virus isolation. Based on virus isolation with specific cytopathic effects, indirect fluorescence assays, electron microscopy, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, only one isolate was confirmed to be MRV from a Korean roe deer (Capreolus pygargus). The isolate exhibited a hemagglutination activity level of 16 units with pig erythrocytes and had a maximum viral titer of 10^5.7 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID₅₀)/mL in Vero cells at 5 days after inoculation. The nucleotide and amino-acid sequences of the partial segment S1 of the MReo2045 isolate were determined and compared with those of other MRV strains. The MReo2045 isolate had nucleotide sequences similar to MRV-3 and was most similar (96.1%) to the T3/Bat/Germany/342/08 strain, which was isolated in Germany in 2008. The MReo2045 isolate will be useful as an antigen for sero-epidemiological studies and developing diagnostic tools.

An immunohistochemical study of the endocrine cells in gastrointestinal tract of the Korean native goat

이재현,이형식,Lee, Jae-hyun,Lee, Hyeung-sik The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 1990 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.30 No.3

한국 재래산양의 위장관 내분비세포를 면역조직화학적으로 관찰하였던 바 5-HT, somatostatin, Gas/CCk, glucagon, chromogranin, PP 면역 반응세포들이 동정되었다. 한국 재래산양의 위장관에 있어서 이들 면역반응세포의 부위별 분포와 출현빈도의 특징은 다음과 같다. 5-HT 면역반응세포는 제 4 위 및 유문부에서 보다 대장과 소장에서 더 많이 출현하였다. Somatostatin면역반응세포는 대장과 소장에서 보다 제 4 위와 유문부에서 다수 출현하였다. Gas/CCk 면역반응세포는 유문부에서 가장 다수로 분포하였으며 기타 부위에서는 소수로 출현하였다. 대장과 소장에서는 중등도의 glucagon 면역반응세포가 관찰되었으나, 제 4위와 유문부에서는 소수로 관찰되었다. Chromogranin 면역반응세포는 전 위장관에서 골고루 그리고 아주 많이 출현하였다. PP면역반응세포는 대장에서 중등도로, 회장에서 소수로 분포하였다. Insulin 면역반응세포는 전 위장관에서 관찰할 수 없었다. The gastrointestinal endocrine cells of the Korean native goat were studied immunohistochemically, and 5-HT-, somatostatin-, Gas/CCK-, glucagon-, chromogranin- and PP- immunoreactive cells were revealed. The characteristic findings of the regional distribution and relative frequency of these immunoreactive cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the Korean native goat were as follows. 5-HT-immunoreactive cells were more numerous in the small and large intestine than in the abdomen stomach. Somatostatin-immunoreactive cell were more numerous in the abdomen stomach than in the small and large intestine. Gas/CCK-immunoreactive cells were concentrated very numerously in the pyloric region with a few in the other regions. Moderate numbers of glucagon-immunoreactive cells were found in the small and large intestine, but a few of them were found in the abdomen stomach. Very numerous chromogranin-immunoreactive cells were detected throughout the gastrointestinal tract. PP-immunoreactive cells were observed moderate numbers in the large intestine with few in the ileum. No insulin-immunoreactive cell was found in the gastrointestinal tract.