효율적 프론티어 수준에 따른 감정평가법인의 경쟁력 비교 분석

신연수(Yeon-Soo Shin) 한국무역연구원 2018 무역연구 Vol.14 No.5

Context-Dependent DEA is a methodology for recognizing the efficient frontier of DUMs (Decision Making Units). Context-dependent DEA refers to a DEA approach where a set of DMUs are evaluated against a particular evaluation context. Each evaluation context represents an efficient frontier orgainzed by DMUs in a particular performance level. The context-dependent DEA measures the attractiveness when DMUs place on exhibition of poorer performance and the progress when DMUs place on of exhibition better performance as the evaluation group. This research applied the context dependent model to make the competitiveness of 12 appraisal firms on the continuous line of the existing Shin Yeon-Soo (2018) research. During each year it is important to know how the 12 appraisal firms will be classified according to the efficiency frontier and where each should belong. Efficient frontier categories are divided into five in 2010, four in 2011, five in 2012, five in 2013, three in 2014, seven in 2015 and four in 2016. Korea (DMU 12) received the highest score, Daehwa (DMU 8) and Hana (DMU 11) were more than 600. Next, Pacific (DMU 10), Joongang (DMU 4) and Samchang (DMU 7) were more than 450, Thefirst (DMU 2), Nara (DMU 1) and Miraesaehan (DMU 6) were more than 400. Finally Kyungil (DMU 5) and Daeil (DMU 3) were more than 300 while Gaon (DMU 9) has the lowest score.

용인 안성지구 산사태와 파괴 형상에 관한 연구

신승목,김상규,장연수 동국대학교 대학원 1993 大學院硏究論集-東國大學校 大學院 Vol.23 No.-

본 논문에는 1991년 7월의 집중호우로 인해 많은 산사태가 발생한 용인·안성지역의 산사태 현장을 방문 조사를 실시한 결과를 토대로 우리나라의 산사태 발생요인과 파괴형상을 규명하였다. 표본지구의 지질암은 풍화된 편마암 및 편암이 주종을 이루고 주요 사면파괴형태는 평행활동파괴 및 토석류이었다. 평행활동파괴는 표토층이 1m내로 얕고 경사가 30˚이상인 사면의 산복부에서 발생한 반면 토석류는 대체로 길이가 길고 경사가 40˚~50˚로 급경사를 이루는 계곡부에서 발생하였는데 토석류발생이 시작된 산정상부에서는 소규모의 평행 또는 회전활동의 흔적이 발견되었다. 본 지역 식생의 뿌리 깊이는 표토의 두께와 거의 일치하고 파괴면도 표토와 기반암의 경계에서 발생하여 집중호우시 나무하중도 국내 지형 지질에서는 무시못할 요소이며 또한 큰 균열도 유수의 침투로를 제공하여 산사태 발생을 촉진시킨 것으로 판단되었다. This paper investigates the causes of the generation of domestic landslides and their representative failure shapes, based on the results of the reconnaissance of Youngin-Ansung region where enormous number of landslides occurred due to downpour in July, 1991. The geology of the site is mainly weathered schist and gneiss, and the representative failure patterns of the landslides are translational sliding and debris flow. The translational sliding failure is generated at the abdominal region of the mountain, of which the thickness of cover soil is less than 1m and its slope is greater than 30 degrees. On the other hand debris flow is generated in the valleys where their slopes are steep in between 40˚ and 55˚ and the travel distance of debris is quite long. At the summit area where debris flows were initiated, small sized translation or rotational failures were found. The thickness of the vegetation roots in the landslide area consists almost with that of the soil covers, and most failure planes are located at the boundary of cover soil and base rock. Hence, it can be recognized that the surcharge load due to vegetation accompanied with severe downpour can be a significant cause of domestic landslides. The macropores formed at these boundaries can also accelerate the initiation of landslides by accumulating the pore pressure in the pores.

B형 간염 동반 원발성 간암 환자에서의 CYP2D6와 NAT2 다형현상에 관한 연구

신동일,이광수,최연남,황기은,조율희 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.2

The CYP2D6 and N-acetyltransferase (NAT2) are polymorphic enzymes which are expressed in the hepatocyte in a genotype-determined manner. CYP2D6 and NAT2 are known to be involved in the inactivation and activation of various mutagens and carcinogens, respectively. The activities of the two enzyme systems are associated with the genetic susceptibility of many human cancers. This study was performed to determine the genotype frequencies of the two enzyme systems in primary hepatocellular carcinoma patients and healthy controls. One hundred healthy controls and 55 liver cancer patients were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP). The results are as followings:1. In the healthy controls, CYP2D6 wild type allele frequency was 0.985 and CYP2D6^*4 frequency was 0.015, and no CYP2D6 poor-metabolizer was detected. No significant differences were found in hepatocellular carcinoma patient group. 2. Frequencies of F, S1, S2 and S3 alleles of NAT2 system were 0.725, 0.01, 0.14 and 0.125 in controls, respectively. The genotype frequencies were found to be 0.91 of rapid acetylator and 0.09 of slow acetylator. No significant differences were found in hepatocellular carcinoma patient group. 3. These results suggest that the distribution of CYP2D6 and NAT2 polymorphisms is very unique in Korean populations characterized by extremely low frequency of CYP2D6 poor-metabolizer and NAT2 slow acetylator. CYP2D6 and NAT2 polymorphisms seemed not to play an important role in the hepatic carcinogenesis in Korean population.

동아시아에서의 HIV/AIDS 역학

신소연,최준용,김영근,박윤선,김연아,김명수,송영구,Shuzo Matsshita,Taisheng Li,Hsi-Hsun Lin,Patrick Li,김준명,동아시아 HIV 네트워크(East-Asia Network on HIV; EAN-HIV) 대한감염학회 2007 감염과 화학요법 Vol.39 No.1

목적 : 최근 동아시아에서의 HIV 감염자 수의 급속한 증가는 여러 가지 심각한 문제를 야기하고 있다. 따라서 이지역에서의 HIV/AIDS 역학에 대해서 정확한 조명 및 분석이 무엇보다 필요하다. 이에 저자들은 동아시아 HIV 네트워크(East Asia Network on HIV; EAN-HIV)를 통하여 동아시아 HIV/AIDS 유행의 시작, 변천 및 현황에 관하여 알아보고자 한다. 재료 및 방법 : 동아시아에 HIV/AIDS가 처음 유입된 1984년부터 2005년까지 한국, 일본, 중국, 대만, 홍콩의 HIV/AIDS 관련 역학 자료를 동아시아 HIV 네트워크(East Asia Network on HIV; EAN-HIV)를 통하여 수집하고 분석하였다. 결과 : 동아시아에서의 HIV/AIDS 유행은 1980년대 중반에 시작되었다. 2005년 말까지 한국에서는 3,829명, 일본에서는 7,078명(혈우병 환자 제외), 대만에서는 10,423명,홍콩에서는 2,825명의 HIV 감염자가 보고되 었으며, 중국에서는 141,241명이 보고되었으나 실제로는 84만명 이상의 감염자가 존재할 것으로 추정하고 있다. 주사마약사용, 혈장매매, 성접촉에 의한 감염이 주를 이루고 있으며, 감염자중 남자가 많고 20-30대가 다수를 차지하였다. 중국이나 대만의 경우에는 최근 감염자 수가 급증하고 있으며 주사마약사용에 의한 감염이 주로 문제가 되고 있는 반면, 한국, 일본, 홍콩의 경우에는 남성동성애자에 의한 전파가 주가 되고 있다. 동아시아에서 유행하는 HIV의 주 아형은 B, C, CRFO1_AE 형이며, 최근에는 CRF07_BC형이 확산되고 있다. 결론 : 동아시아의 HIV 감염률은 빠르게 증가하며, 또한 HIV/AIDS 역학도 빠르게 변화하고 있다. 이 지역의 유행은 중국이 부분적으로 커다란 영향을 미치고 있다. Background : Recent predictions of catastrophic epidemic surge of HIV infection in East Asia concern experts and governmental organizations. As in many other areas, countries in East Asia show diversities in their HIV epidemics, both geographically and temporally. However, they have similar regional, cultural and racial characteristics which allow them to have certain common factors. Having a clear picture of the current extent and feature of HIV/AIDS in this region is a very difficult task largely due to the fast pacing of expending epidemic and difficulty in data-sharing among countries in the region. Hence, we decided to study the epidemiologic feature of HIV/AIDS in East Asia through East Asia Network on HIV (EAN-HIV). Materials and Methods : The epidemiological patterns of HIV/AIDS in East Asian countries were investigated by collecting data through EAN-HIV. Results : The HIV/AIDS epidemic in East Asia started relatively late at mid 1980s. Since then, the number of newly infected HIV/AIDS cases has been steadily increasing with stiffer escalation in recent years. In China and Taiwan, IDU plays an important part in the swiftly growing HIV epidemics; however, in other regions like Korea, Japan, and Hong Kong, MSM (men who have sex with men) seems to be more of a problem. The major subtypes of HIV in East Asia are subtype B, C, and CRF01_AE, and rapidly evolving circulating recombinant forms (CRF) between subtypes such as CRF07_BC give dynamic change to the current status. Conclusion : The incidence of HIV/AIDS is rapidly increasing in East Asia. The epidemic pattern has undergone dynamic changes over time. China seems to be the leading source of HIV/AIDS epidemic in East Asia due to its large population and rapidly growing epidemics.

식사를 통한 N-Nitrosamine의 추정 섭취량 평가

신정혜,김연희,이수정,손미예,성낙주 한국식품영양학회 2002 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.15 No.1

단체급식소 12개소의 식단을 수거하여 각 메뉴별 및 1인분 식단별 NA 함량을 분석하였고 인공소화 기법을 활용하여 체내에서 생성 가능한 NA의 함량을 예측하였다. 육류와 어패류를 주재료로 요리된 메뉴들의 인공소화 전·후 NA 함량을 분석한 결과 멸치볶음에서 NDMA 함량이 흔적량 ~ 4.8 ㎍/kg으로 가장 높았고, 채소류를 주재료로 한 메뉴들에서는 불검출에서 흔적량의 NDMA가 정량되었으며, 인공소화 후에도 흔적량 이하로 정량되었다. 1인 분량의 식사를 수거하여 인공소화 전·후의 NA를 분석한 결과 NDMA는 인공소화 전 0.20 ~ 0.78 ㎍/kg의 범위였으나 인공소화 후에는 0.43 ~ 0.80 ㎍/kg으로 약간 증가하였다. 상기의 분석 결과를 기초로 하여 성인 1일 NA 섭취량을 계산한 결과 0.60 ~ 2.34 ㎍/day/person이며, 인공소화를 통한 체내에서의 생성량을 고려하면 최대 5.15㎍/day/person으로 추정된다. N-nitrosamine (NA) contents depending on simulated gastric digestion were analyzed with 12 kinds of diets collected from institutional food service those diets were estimated the total NA amounts including both intake from food directly and its endogenous formation in human body from simulated gastric digestion. NA was determined in dishes of meats, fished and vegetables before and after simulated gastric digestion. N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) contents were from not detected(ND) to 4.8 ㎍/kg in dishes of meats and fishes. After digestion, its contents increased and the highest level was 3.0 ㎍/kg in panbroiled dried anchovy. In vegetable dishes, NDMA was detected as ND ~ trace before and after digestion. The contents of NDMA in diets collected from institutional food service were 0.20 ~ 0.78 ㎍/kg, 0.43 ~ 0.80 ㎍/kg before and after digestion, respectively. The average intake of Na per day to Korean, based on the above data, was 0.60 ~ 2.34 ㎍/day/person. The maximum daily intake of NA was reduced to 5.15 ㎍/day/person when considering NA amounts formed endogenously by simulated gastric digestion.

Red Number 104호를 포함한 치면세균막 착색정제의 적정 색소함량 및 저작도포시간에 관한 연구

신승철,서현석,류현,장연수,변계영 대한구강보건학회 2003 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.27 No.1

The authors have examined the PHP index, in order to choose the optimum concentration, calivary flow volume and chewing time for Red-Plaque tablets, one of the newly developed disclosing agent for dental plaque. 4 kinds of tablets as 0.5㎎ of Red No.104, 1.0㎎, 2.0㎎ and 5.0㎎ were produced and 30 adults volunteers were selected for clinical experiments. PHP index were checked for extracted tooth of lateral incisor with artificial plaque and dyeing with various concentration of Red-Plaque, as well as for volungeerss 'teeth. Obtained date were analysed and compared. 1. Carbohydrate and protein were contained in dental plaque. 2. 2.0㎎/250㎎ to 5.0㎎/250㎎ of Red 104 contained Red-Plaque tablets were recommended to use checking the dental plaque clinically. 3. It needed more than 1 minutes chewing for disclosing the dental plaque enough, with a 250㎎ Red-Plaque tablet. 4. It was recommended that 2㎖ to 5㎖ volume saliva were needed to dissolve a Red-Plaque tablet of 250㎎ for 1 minute's chewing.

백서를 이용한 화학적 박피술의 실험적 연구

김수신,박성규,서연림,강신광 인제대학교 1991 仁濟醫學 Vol.12 No.2

화학적 박피술은 의학의 한 분야로 자리잡고 있음에도 불구하고 화학약품의 다양성과 시술 경험의 부족, 술기 표준화의 부족 등으로 인하여 의료인들의 적극적인 시술은 이루어지지 않고 있다. 저자들은 널리 쓰이는 화학 약품 사용해 백서에 화학적 박피술을 시행한 후 그 결과를 분석하여 하학적 박피술의 임상적용에 기초적 자료를 제공하고자 하였다. Chemical peeling has been used as a treatment of skin lesions coffined in epidermis and a portion of dermis, such as spotty hyperpigmentation, fine facial wrinkle, precancerous lesion, and superficial acne scar. We performed chemical peeling with widely used chemicals and results were as follows: 1.Depth of chemical peeling was consistent with neocollagen formation depth. 2.Mean depths of chemical peeling were 20% Resorcin : 0mm 20% Trichloroacetic acie : 0.12mm 35% Trichloroacetic acie : 0.22mm 50% Trichloroacetic acid : 0.47mm 50% Phenol : 0.52mm Baker's solution : 0.52mm 3.20% Resorcin had no peeling effect on dermis. 4.Trichloroacetic acid peeling had close relationship with concentration, and its peeling depth was consistent with necrosis depth. 5.50% Phenol showed no difference as compared with Baker's solution.

천마분말이 고콜레스테롤혈증 흰쥐 혈청의 지질성분에 미치는 영향

박미연,성낙주,신정애,이수정,박필숙 동아시아식생활학회 1998 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.8 No.1

This study was designed to investigate the optimum recommendation level on Gastrodia rhizoma and the effects on the improvement of the lipids in the dietary hypercholesterolemic rats. Experimental diets mixed with 5% Dioscorea batatas(Group 2), 10% Dioscorea batatas(Group 3), 15% Dioscorea batatas(Group 4), 5% Gastrodia rhizoma(Group 5), 10% Gastrodia rhizoma (Group 6) and 15% Gastrodia rhizoma(Group 7) were administered to the male rats of the Sprague Dawley for 3 weeks. Concentration of total cholesterol in serum was lower in the Gastrodia rhizoma groups than in the other groups, especially total cholesterol concentration of 10% Gastrodia rhizoma(Group 6) was the lowest in the Gastrodia rhizoma groups. Concentration of HDL-cholesterol in serum was higher in the 10% Gastrodia rhizoma and 15% Gastrodia rhizoma than in the other groups. Concentrations of cholesterylester, LDL, LDL-cholesterol in serum were the lowest in the 10% Gastrodia rhizoma. Concentration of glucose and activity of GPT in serum were the lowest in the 10% Gastrodia rhizoma group. The activity of GOT in serum was lower in the 10% Gastrodia rhizoma group and 15% Gastrodia rhizoma group than in the other groups. Therefore, we consider that there are effects on the improvement of the lipids in the Gastrodia rhizoma and the optimum recommendation quantity of Gastrodia rhizoma is 10% to quantity of food composition.

토끼 수막염 모델을 이용한 다제내성 폐렴구균에 대한 Meropenem의 치료 효과

김신우,진정화,강수정,정숙인,김연숙,기현균,김춘관,이혁,김성민,백경란,송재훈 대한화학요법학회 2001 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.19 No.1

목적 : 다제내성 폐렴구균에 의한 수막염은 기존과 단일 항생제로는 근치가 어려워 ceftriaxone과 vancomycin 혹은 rifampin의 병용요법이 권유되고 있다. 다제내성 폐렴구균에 사용할 수 있는 다른 약제 중 meropenem은 시험관내 폐렴구균에 대한 항균력이 좋고 경련 등의 중추신경계 부작용이 거의 없어 다제내성 폐렴구균에 의한 수막염의 치료에 이용할 수 있을 것으로 기대되나 이에 대한 자료가 매우 부족한 상태이다. 이에 연자 등은 meropenem과 meropenem+vancomycin의 병용요법이 다제내성 폐렴구균 수막염의 치료에 효과가 있는지를 토끼 수막염 동물 모델을 이용하여 검증하고자 하였다. 방법 : 인체에서 수막염을 일으킨 다제내성 폐렴구균 균주(penicillin MIC 2, ceftriaxone MIC 4, meropenem MIC 0.5㎍/㎖)를 토끼 척수강 내에 직접 주입하여 수막염을 유발한 후 ceftriaxone, vancomycin, rifampin, meropenem의 단일 항균요법, ceftriaxone+vancomycin, ceftriaxone+rifampin, meropenem+vancomycin의 병용요법 간에 치료 효과의 차이를 비교 하였다. 각 치료군은 6 마리의 토끼를 대상으로 하였다. 각각의 항생제는 5 시간 간격으로 2번 정주하였으며, ceftriaxone은 1회 투여하였다. 균주 주입 후 각 치료군이 토끼에서 치료 후 0, 5, 10, 24 시간에 척수액을 채취하여 균주의 수를 측정하여 24시간째의 살균 여부를 최종 치료 효과로 판정하였다. 결과 : meropenem 단독 요법은 10시간째에 모든 균주를 살균하였으나 24시간 째에 다시 균의 성장이 관찰되었으며, meropenem+vancomycin의 병용요법은 단독 약제보다 우수한 살균효과를 보였으나 상승작용은 없었다. 결론 : meropenem+vancomycin의 병용요법은 기존의 ceftriaxone+vancomycin보다 24시간째에 더 큰 균의 감소 경향을 보여(P=0.054) 임상에서 사용이 가능할 것으로 기대되며 향후 실제 수막염 환자에서의 임상효과를 증명하는 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Background : Because antimicrobial monotherapy for pneumococcal meningitis caused by penicillin-resistant strains is not satisfactory, ceftriaxone+vancomycin [C+V] or ceftriaxone+rifampin [C+R] regimens are recommended. Meropenern [M] is one of the monotherapy options for penicillin-resistant pneumococcal meningitis due to good in-vitro activity against pneumococci and rare adverse reactions in CNS. But there have been few reports in the efficacy of meropenern against pneumococcal meningitis. We evaluated therapeutic efficacy of the meropenern and meropenem+vancomycin in a rabbit model of meningitis caused by penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae (PRSP). Methods : Meningitis was induced by intracistemal inoculation of a pneumococcal strain isolated from a patient with meningitis (MIC; penicillin 2, ceftriaxone 4, meropenem 0.5 g/㎖). Bacterial concentrations in the CSF were measured at 0, 5, 10, and 24 h after therapy was started. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated by the final bacterial concentration in the CSF at 24 h. Results : C+V cleared the CSF at 10 h, but regrowth of bacteria was noted at 24 h. Meropenem monotherapy resulted in sterilization at 10 h but regrowth at 24 h. M+V was superior to M or V monotherapy but did not show synergism. Therapeutic efficacy of M+V was at least equal or superior to that of C+V (P = 0.054). Conclusion : Meropenem+vancomycin regimen could be one of the useful options in the treatment of PRSP meningitis. Clinical trials to evaluate the M or M +V are warranted in the future.

항암화학요법 중 호중구감소증이 발생한 저위험군 발열 환자들을 대상으로 한 경구 항균제 요법의 임상적 유용성 및 안정성에 대한 연구

김연숙,이혁,기현균,김춘관,김신우,김성민,백경란,김원석,윤성수,이홍기,강원기,박찬형,박근칠,송재훈 대한화학요법학회 2000 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.18 No.1

목적 : 항암화학요법 중 호중구감소증을 동반한 발열이 발생하는 암환자들을 치료하기 위한 다양한 항균제와 여러 가지 방법들이 시도되고 있는 가운데, 합병증과 사망률의 발생가능성이 적은 저위험군 환자들을 대상으로 초기 72시간동안 정주 항균제를 투여한 이후 경구 항균제로 전환하는 요법의 유용성과 안정성을 평가해보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법 : 1998년 2월부터 1999년 9월까지 본원에서 항암화학요법 중 호중구감소증과 발열이 발생한 환자들 가운데 기저 암질환이 고형암이거나 림프종이고, 입원당시 패혈증의 증후가 없으며 입원 72시간이내에 해열되고 백혈구수치가 증가 추세인 환자들을 대상으로 하여 72시간 동안 정주 항균제를 투여한 이후 경우 ciprofloxacin 750㎎을 하루 2회씩 투여하여 총 4일간 투여하였다. 모든 환자들은 열이 떨어지고 호중구감소증이 회복될 때까지 입원하도록 하였다. 결과 : 총 38명 환자의 40예가 등록이 되었고, 환자들의 기저암 질환은 고형함이 72.5%, 림프종이 27.5%였다. 입원당시 평균 호중구치수는 156/㎕였고, 호중구수치가 100/㎕미만인 경우는 65%였으며, 호중구감소증이 지속된 기간의 평균은 2.4일이었다. 40예 중 39예가 항균제의 변형이나 추가 없이 호중구감소증과 발열로부터 회복이 되어 97.5%의 성공율(95% 신뢰구간: 86.8-99.9%)을 보였다. 부작용으로 피부발진이 있었던 경우가 한 예 있었는데, 증상이 경하여 경구 항균제를 지속할 수 있었다. 심와부의 동통으로 복용을 지속할 수 없어서 대상에서 제외된 예가 또 한 예 있었다. 결론 : 항암요법 중 호중구감소증과 발열을 동반한 환자들 가운데 저위험군 환자들에서 항균제 72시간정주 이후 경구 항균제로의 전환요법은 효과적이고도 안전한 치료방법이라고 할 수 있다. Background : Oral antibiotic therapy following empirical intravenous antibiotics may be effective and safe for febrile neutropenic patients with lowrisk for complications. Methods : We conducted a prospective clinical trial of oral antibiotic therapy in the patients with neutropenia and fever during chemotherapy for cancer. Underlying malignancies were solid tumor or lymphoma with short duration of neurtropenia and the patients had no evidence of clinically or microbiologically documented infections. Oral ciprofloxacin was given to the patients who lacked signs of sepsis on admission, had a rising tendency of neutrophil count (ANC >100 /㎕ ) at 72 hours, and were afebrile at 72 hours. All patients were hospitalized until neutropenia and fever resolved. Results : A total of 40 episodes of 38 patients were enrolled from February 1998 to September 1999. The mean neutrophil counts on admission were 156/㎕ and the mean duration of neutropenia was 2.4 days. The episodes which had neutrophil count below 100 /㎕ were 26 (65%). Treatment was successful in 39 of 40 episodes (97.5% : 95 % confidence interval, 86.8% to 99.9%). Adverse reactions of oral ciprofloxacin were skin rash and epigastric soreness in two cases, respectively. There were no deaths during the study. Conclusions : For low-risk febrile patients with neutropenia during cancer chemotherapy, switch therapy to oral ciprofloxacin at 72 hours following intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics is effective and safe,