Soymilk를 이용한 요구르트 제조 및 저장기간 동안의 품질변화에 관한 연구

신상민 ( Sang Min Shin ),송광영 ( Kwang Young Song ),서건호 ( Kun Ho Seo ),윤여창 ( Yoh Chang Yoon ) 한국유가공기술과학회 2012 한국유가공기술과학회지 Vol.30 No.2

This study was performed for analyzing the general composition and the change in the quality of soymilk-derived yogurts manufactured by adding skim milk and whey powder to soymilk heat-treated at 95℃/5 min and 120℃/10 min, respectively. 1. During the storage of soymilk yogurt, the concentrations of total solids, protein, fat, and lactose slightly decreased, whereas viscosity, content of ash and NPN, and the number of lactic acid bacteria remained unchanged. 2. The pH and titratable acidity changed rapidly in all soymilk yogurts after 3 h of incubation. 3. We found 7.8×108 lactic acid bacteria in the control sample, 4.7×108 and 5.02×108 in soymilk yogurt with skim milk, respectively, and 5.9×108 and 5.5×108, respectively in soymilk yogurt with whey powder according to degree of heat treatment with 95℃/5 min and 120℃/10 min. 4. The viscosity of yogurt samples became lower as the heat treatment increased in temperature and in the length of time. 5. The value of sensory evaluation was relatively high in soymilk yogurt with the added skim milk, which was heat-treated 95℃/5 min; however, the value was significantly lower than that of the control sample. 6. Lactose, glucose, and galactose were detected in all samples because lactose is degraded into glucose and galactose within 3 h of inoculation.

총경동맥 폐쇄시간에 따르는 국소 뇌혈류 변화 : 실험적 연구 An Experimental Cat Model

강준기,성태경,조병일,백민우,김문찬,허춘웅,하영수,송진언 대한신경외과학회 1983 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.12 No.3

The microvasculature of the brain is also quite susceptible to ischemic insult, and substantial portions of the brain are not reperfused after restoration of the blood supply following overtime of critical ischemic periods. The purpose of this series of experiments was to determine the effects of ischemia on subsequential regional cerebral blood flow measurements and cortical electric activities following reperfusion after ischemia and also to define the proper time of vascular occlusion without irreversible neural damage. Cerebral ischemia was induced in cat by bilateral common carotid occlusions for periods of 10, 30, to 60 minutes, and the blood supply was reperfused for 3 hours after clamp-off. Regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) was measured by hydrogen clearance technique following ischemia, restoration of blood supply and electroencephalogram recovery could be predicted according to the rCBF. Forty adult cats weighing 2.7 to 4.0㎏ were used in this study. The animals were divided into 4 groups of 10 cats each : normal control, 10 min-clamped, 30 min-clamped, and 60 min-clamped groups. The results obtained were as follows : 1) The mean rCBF was 24.6±7.0㎖/100g/min in control group. 2) Bilateral carotid occlusions resulted in a reduction of the rCBF(12.4±4.1㎖/100g/min) to 50% of control flow on both hemispheres. 3) Sequential changes of the rCBF after reperfusion : (1) There was restored the rCBF(21.3±5.1㎖/100g/min) to control flow in the 10 minutes-clamped group. (2) There was a 85% recovery of control flow in the 30 minutes-clamped group. (3) There was a only 25% recovery of control flow in the 60 minutes-clamped group. 4) A close correlation was found between cortical electrical activity and rCBF suggesting a threshold relationship. (1) The changes of cortical electric activity began to notice at rCBF less than 17.4±4.7㎖/100g/min. (2) The recovery of cortical electric activity noted at rCBF more than 10.2±2.3㎖/100g/min. 5) There was no evidence of ischemic involvement at the cortex, white matter and basal ganglia in the 10 minutes clamped group, but demonstrated a dense wedge shaped infarct at the cortex and uncus herniation in the 60 minutes clamped group. The rCBF and cortical electric activity restored to normal values in reperfusion within 10 minutes after occlusion of both common carotid arteries.

저농도 이산화탄소 포집용 흡착제 개발 및 최적조건에 관한 연구

이주열 ( Ju Yeol Lee ),박덕신 ( Duck Shin Park ),조영민 ( Young Min Cho ),권순박 ( Soon Park Kwon ),황윤호 ( Yoon Ho Hwang ),송형진 ( Hyung Jin Song ),이상봉 ( Sang Bong Lee ) 한국유화학회 2012 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.29 No.1

본 논문은 다양한 시설내에 적은 농도의 CO2 제거를 위한 선택적 CO2 흡수능력을 향상시킨 흡착제의 효율평가에 관한 것이다. 직경 4mm의 구형 흡착제는 시판용 제올라이트에 첨가제, 물, 바인더, LiOH를 섞어 제조하였다. 칼럼테스트에서 400분 이내에 90% 이상의 CO2흡착효율을 나타내었고, 흡착필터모듈 흡착능력을 평가하기 위해 회분식과 연속식타입의 챔버테스트가 시행되었다. 회분식테스트에서 30분 이내에 약 92%의 CO2가 제거되는 것을 확인하였다. 연속식테스트에서 30분 이내 70%의 CO2가 제거효율을 보였으며, 2,500ppm 이상의 CO2가 제거되는 것을 확인하였다. 재현성테스트를 수차례 수행한 결과 15일동안 1,000ppm 이상의 CO2가 연속적으로 제거됨을 보였다. TGA 분석법을 이용한 흡착량 분석에서 흡착제 g당 5.0mmol의 CO2를 흡착하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 개발된 흡착제는 상온에서 저농도 CO2 실내환경에 적용가능한 것으로 판단된다. In this study, CO2 adsorbent was developed for removing low concentration of CO2 in multiple-use facilities. The efficiency of the adsorbent which was improved selective CO2 adsorption capabilities was evaluated. The pellet type adsorbent was modified from a commercial zeolite with mixing LiOH, binder, additives, and H2O. Column tests showed over 90 % of CO2 was adsorbed within 400min. Chamber tests including batch and continuous types were performed for evaluating the adsorbent module. By batch tests, it was evaluated that about 92 % of CO2 was removed within 30 min. By continuous tests, 70% of CO2 was removed within 30 min. It was analyzed that over 2,500 ppm of CO2 was continuously removed as shown chamber tests. The reproducibility tests repeatedly performed for 15 days shows that over 1,000 ppm of CO2 was continuously removed. Adsorption capacity of the developed adsorbent was 5.0mmol CO2/g adsorbent which was analyzed by TGA. It was estimated that the modified adsorbent was applicable to low CO2 concentration and low temperature of indoor environment.

건설 프로젝트에서 D-virus가 안전에 미치는 영향에 관한 기초적 연구

송진우,표영민,진유나,이상범,김정길 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.2

Construction site has contributed to construction productivity improvement by utilizing information, simplification, and standardization concept. Also it has contributed to quality and productivity improvement by standardizing design and construction process, using them to a fair decision-making process by organizing diverse data in construction process. However, construction process has diverse variables and uncertain case due to particularity in construction. These parts have an effect on construction process. To use unorganic construction information and knowledge properly has become the factor to project success. Therefore, this study analyzes that D-virus of the uneasy factors has an effect on safety control of construction industry. That is to say, aim of the study is to suggest the solution to remove those after confirming for these factors to have certain effect in construction process through fact finding survey and retesting the factors of D-virus to refer in business management in a constructive position.

영어 말하기 채점자의 행동 특성 분석 : 채점자 훈련을 위한 제언

송민영,이용상 이화여자대학교 교과교육연구소 2015 교과교육학연구 Vol.19 No.4

본 연구는 우리나라 고등학생을 대상으로 시행되었던 NEAT 말하기 채점자를 대상으로 심층면담을 실시하여 채점에 수반된 인지과정, 채점전략, 점수 판단의 근거 등을 심도 있게 파악함으로써 말하기 채점자 훈련에 적용할 수 있는 정보를 얻고자 하였다. 채점자 신뢰도 상위수준의 채점자 여섯 명, 하위수준 채점자 세 명과의 채점 직후 심층면담을 통해 다음과 같은 특징을 파악하였다. 첫째, 우수 채점자들은 말하기 답안 내용을 일부 또는 전체를 받아쓰는 ‘노트하기’ 전략을 사용함으로써 영역별 분석적 채점의 정확도를 높이고자 하였다. 둘째, 우수 채점자들은 채점영역 중 과제완성 점수를 기준으로 타 영역 점수의 상한선을 정하는 소위 ‘골든룰’ 적용을 통해 채점의 일관성을 확보하였다. 반면에 하위수준 채점자들은 비록 이 골든룰을 인지하고 있음에도 불구하고 실제 채점에 제대로 적용하지 못하였다. 셋째, 우수 채점자들은 채점 영역 간 독립 채점과 의존적 채점을 병행하는 반면, 하위수준 채점자들은 영역별 독립 채점을 거의 하지 못하고 전반적인 인상에 근거하여 모든 영역을 서로 의존적으로 판단하였다. 마지막으로, 채점기준이 내재화되지 못한 하위수준 채점자는 임의로 영역별 점수의 범위를 줄여 좁은 점수 범위 안에서 모든 답안에 비슷한 점수를 부여하는 경향을 보였다. 비록 NEAT와 같은 국가수준의 영어 말하기 평가 시행은 중단되었지만 학교단위 영어 말하기 지도와 평가가 정착되기 위해 영어교사를 대상으로 하는 채점자 연수가 활발해지기를 고대하고 본 연구의 주요 결과가 그러한 연수에서 의미있게 활용 될 수 있기를 바란다. This study aims to explore how experienced English speaking raters score speaking responses in terms of the overall scoring style, strategies for improving scoring consistency, and interpretation and application of scoring rubric for each scoring area. For this purpose, this study conducted retrospective interviews with six experienced speaking raters and three inexperienced speaking raters of NEAT, in order to compare and contrast the two rater groups’ scoring behaviors. The participants were asked to verbally report how they decided the score of each scoring area and what strategies they employed to improve their scoring consistency. The main findings are as follows: First, the experienced raters employed note-taking strategy while they were listening to and scoring each response, in order to make a more accurate decision of the score for each scoring area. Second, the experience raters applied the so-called ‘Golden-Rule’ of NEAT effectively and consistently, while the inexperienced raters were hardly consistent in applying this rule. Third, the experienced raters scored each scoring area independently of the other areas by applying the absolute scoring criteria given for that area without being seriously affected by the overall impression of the response, while the inexperienced raters decided the scores of the five scoring areas interdependently. Lastly, it seems that inexperienced raters apply a narrow range of scale points, that is, give similar scores for most responses if they do not have a clear understanding of the scoring criteria. Based on the results, some suggestions are made for English speaking rater training.

일본 벤토나이트 광상의 부존특성 및 광석의 물리화학적 특성

송민섭,고상모,Takagi, Tetsuichi 한국광물학회 2004 광물과 암석 (J.Miner.Soc.Korea) Vol.17 No.3

일본의 제3기 퇴적분지 내 분포하는 주요 벤토나이트 광상인 Myogi, Tsukinuno, Dobuyama 및 Kawasaki 광상의 산상과 성인을 비교하였으며, 각 광상에서 산출되는 대표적 벤토나이트를 대상하여 광물학적 특성 및 물리화학적 특성이 비교되었다. 일본에서 산출되는 벤토나이트 광상은 신생대 제3기 마이오세기~플라이오세기에 형성된 녹색응회암대 내에 주로 분포한다. Myogi, Tsukinuno 및 Kawasaki 광상은 속성변질작용에 의해, Dobuyama 광상은 열수변질작용에 의해 형성 되었다. 속성변질광상인 Myogi, Tsukinuno 및 Kawasaki 광상은 층상형 또는 성층형 광체형을 보이나 열수변질광상인 Dobuyama 광상은 콘형의 광체형을 나다낸다. 이 광상들의 형성 시기는 1.8~21 Ma까지 넓은 년대 범위를 보이나 대체로 초기~중기 마이오세기에 형성되었다. 몬모릴로나이트 함량비가 가장 높은 Dobuyama 광석이 높은 표면적, CEC, MB 흡착량 및 강도 값을 보인다. 몬모릴로나이트 함량비도 다소 높고 Na-형인 Tsukinuno 광석은 강 알카리성, 높은 점도 및 팽윤도를 보인다. Na-Ca 혼합형인 Kawasaki 광석들은 Na-형에 비해서는 낮은 점도와 팽윤도를 보이니 Ca-형인 Dubuyama보다는 다소 높다. 제올라이트 함량비가 높은 Myogi 광석은 Na-형이나 몬모릴로나이트 함량비가 가장 낮기 때문에 낮은 점도, MB 흡착량, 강도값을 나타내나 CEC와 표면적 값은 다소 높다. 이는 제올라이트 영향으로 생각된다. 대체적으로 수용액계에서 Na-형은 강한 분산이 초래되나 Ca-형은 응집이 보다 강하게 일어나며, 두 유형 모두 매우 서서히 응집이 초래되었다. 벤토나이트의 물성은 몬모릴로나이트의 함량, 층간 양이온종이나 분순광물(특히 제올라이트)에 의해 주로 규제되는 시료도 있지만, 몇 시료는 이와 일치되지 않는다. 이는 이 연구에서 확인치 못한 몬모릴로나이트의 층전하 값과 같은 결정-화학적 및 몬모릴로나인트의 형상비와 같은 결정 형태적 특성에 의한 영향일 것으로 해 석된다. This study was to compare the geological occurrences and geneses of the Myogi, Tsukinuno, Dobuyama and Kawasaki bentonite deposits distributed in the Tertiary sedimentary basins of NE Japan, and to compare the mineralogical and physicochemical properties of their bentonites. The Japanese bentonite deposits are mainly distributed in the Green-tuff region which was formed in Neogene. The shape of ore body of the Myogi, Tsukinuno and Kawasaki deposits formed by the diagenesis are layered and stratiform. In contrast to this, the Dobuyama deposit formed by hydrothermal alteration shows the cone shape. The mineralization age of four deposits are 1.8~21 Ma from Early Miocene to Pliocene. The Dobuyama bentonite with the highest montmorillonite content shows the highest surface area, CEC, MB adsorption, and strengths. The Tsukinuno bentonite with a little high montmorillonite content is characterized by strong alkalinity, high viscosity and swelling. The Kawasaki bentonite, the Na-Ca mixed type, shows higher viscosity and swelling than the Ca-type Dobuyama bentonite. The Myogi bentonite with the lowest montmorillonite content shows the properties of low viscosity, MB adsorption, strengths and a little high CEC and surface area. The high CEC and surface area of this deposit is due to the sufficient occurrence of zeolite. A strong dispersion in the Na-type bentonite and a strong flocculation in the Ca-type bentonite took place, and both the types show a slow flocculation with time. The physicochemical properties of the bentonite are mainly controlled by the montmorillonite content, interlayer cations, and impurity minerals such as zeolite. But bentonites inconsistent to this factors are sometimes occurred. This is maybe due to the crystal chemistry such as layer charge of montmorillonite and crystal morphology of montmorillonite such as aspect ratio.

경구면역을 통한 항원 특이적 IgA 항체 합성에 있어 Cholera Toxin과 Alginate-Microsphere의 효과

송민형,유진수,권명상,성승룡,김용희,권익찬,정서영,양재명,김평현 大韓免疫學會 1996 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.18 No.3

Secretory (S-IgA) isotype antibody (Ab) is known to play an essential role in the primary defense against various infectious agents in mucosal tissue. However, it has been mostly unsuccessful in the induction of antigen (Ag)-specific IgA Ab response in this site by peroral vaccination. In the present study, we investigated the effect of cholera toxin (CI) as a mucosal adjuvant and alginates-microspheres as a carrier on BSA-specific IgA Ab response in gut-associated lymphoid tissue`(GALT). Peroral immunization of BSA plus CT conferred a great BSA-specific IgA response but IgG response on intestinal fluid (IF). In contrast, intraperitoneal immunization of BSA with Freund's adjuvant readily induced BSA-specific IgG response but IgA response in IF. Further, number of CT specific IgA-secreting cells was substantially increased in mesenteric lymph node when CT-encapsulated-VI alginates-microspheres was administered perorally. Taken together, these results indicate that peroral immunization of soluble antigen in combination of CT or microspheres significantly enhances antigen-specific IgA response in GALT.

농촌지역 노인들의 우울증상에 관련된 요인들의 특성

송미숙,전기홍,송현종,김정은,박승구,신상건,이동훈,정성현,최연주,최완철,최민규,황재철,홍지만 아주대학교 1997 아주의학 Vol.2 No.2

This study was performed to identify risk factors for depression among the elderly in a rural area. A survey was done for the elderly living in Gosam-myenn, Ansung-kun during the period of July 28, 1997 and July 30, 1997. Demographic and sodoeconornic characteristics, and functional and health Status were assessed using a structured questionnaire, and the level of depression was measured by GDS score. The data obtained were analyzed by frequencies, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression, and the results were as follows: 1. The total sample consisted of 133 elderly. Of them, 47 elderly (35.4%) showed significant depressive Symptoms. 2. The GDS score was the highest for the group over 85 years of age (p < 0.05). Those living alone or widowed showed lower GDS score than those living with someone or married (p < 0.05). 3. The GDS score was the highest in the absolutely dependent group, followed by the partially dependent group, and the independent group (p < 0.01). The elderly who perceived their health Status as excellent showed the lowest GDS score. In contrast, those who had more than five chronic diseases showed the highest GDS score. 4. The elderly receiving financial and emotional support from their family or friends showed lower GDS score compared to those without any support. 5. The economically dependent group showed higher GDS score than that of independent group. 6. The elderly who involved in leisure activities showed lower GDS score than those without any involvement. 7. In terms of risk factors for depression, we found that perceived health Status, subjective economic Status, leisure activities, living arrangement and financial support were inversely associated with GDS score, whereas labor support was positively associated with GDS score. Based upon the above findings, this study suggests that these risk factors for depression in the elderly should be taken into consideration for a comprehensive mental health program for the elderly living in the rural area.

백서에서 N-dimethylnitrosamine에 의한 간독성 작용에 L-ascorbic Acid가 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

송준민,양승하,변광의,강상균 순천향대학교 1994 논문집 Vol.17 No.2

Toxic effect of NDMA on liver is variable due to dose and duration of administration. Experimental studies showed hemorrhagic necrosis, liver cirrhosis and hepatoma development with NDMA administration. To observe the protective action of L-ascorbic acid on NDMA toxicity of the liver, experimental studies were carried out. Rats were divided into two groups' acute and chronic intoxication. Acute group was divided into three subgroups regarding to dose and duration of NDMA administration, AGI-1(NDMA 40㎎/㎏) and AGI-2(NDMA with L-ascorbic acid 720㎎/㎏), AGII-1(NDMA 20㎎/㎏ for 2 days) and AGII-2(same with AGII-1 with AGII-1 with L-ascorbic acid 360㎎/㎏ for first day, and 10㎎/㎏, 180㎎/㎏ for 2nd and third day). Serological study of liver function and histologic study were carried out 48 hours after NDMA administration. Animal were sacrified on 9th week, then serological and histological studies were carried out. Also ultrastructural observation were performed for the liver tissue. The results were following as : 1. Acute NDMA intoxication group reveals low level of serum protein and albumin while elevation of total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and marked elevation of SGOT and SGPT. Histologically, marked hemorrhagic necrosis was noted in the central zone of hepatic lobules. 2. In chronic NDMA intoxication, serological studies showed slight elevation of SGOT and SGPT, and normal levels of total protein, total bilirubin, and ALP. Histologically, swelling of hepatocyte, necrosis of individual cells, enlargement of nucleus with prominent nucleoli were evident. 3. Chronic intoxication of NDMA groups does not showed special difference between NDMA alone and combined L-ascorbic acid administration. 4. Both acute and chronic NDMA intoxication groups showed ultrastructural changes, such as nuclear irregularity, dilatation of cisternae of RER, partially obscured cisternae with increased density of mitochondira, and focal lipid droplet accumulation in the cytoplasm. The above results show that L-ascorbic acid may play a protective role in toxicity of NDMA.

단어생성시 기능적 자기공명영상을 통한 운동 언어중추의 국소화

정상욱,김주용,송인찬,이경민,이상건,장기현 대한신경과학회 1998 대한신경과학회지 Vol.16 No.5