Ciprofloxacin 제제의 생물학적 동등성에 관한 연구

최철희,신재국,신완균,유호진,이경훈,정원석,장인진,신상구 대한화학요법학회 1991 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.9 No.1

국내 시판중인 ciprofloxacin 제제인 Citopcin®(250㎎ tablet)의 동등성을 검토하기 위해 제조원인 Bayer사의 Citopcin®(250㎎ tablet)를 기준제제로 하여 18명의 건강한 남성 피험자를 대상으로 500㎎ 1회 교차 경구 투여후 약동학적 성상을 분석비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 시험제제의 생체 이용율의 지표인 AUC, C_(mao), T_(max) 및 MRT들의 평균치는 백분율차이에 있어 모든 기준제제 지표의 ± 20% 이내였으며, 이들 생체 이용율 지표들은 분산분석 검정에서 차이를 인지할 수 없었다.생체 이용율 지표들의 기준제제에 대한 백분율 90% 대칭 신뢰구간 검토시 모든 경수들에서 ± 20% 이내의 조건을 만족하였으며 AUC의 경우에는 대칭형 신뢰구간으로 변환시 95% 신뢰구간에서도 동등성의 조건을 만족하였다, 이상의 시험결과로 시험제제인 Citopcin®은 기준제제인 Ciprobay®와 생물학적 동등한 제제로 판단되었다. The pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin was studied for the evaluation of the bioequivalence of the generic ciproflocacin products. Two single doses of 500㎎ each of ciprofloxacin(Ciprobay® 250㎎ tablet as a reference compound and Citopcin® 250㎎ tablet s a test compound) were administered orally to ighteen male volunteers in a balanced, randomized crossover design. Pek plasma levels of ciprofloxacin were observed about 1 hour after the doses and the peak concentrations of both products were similar(Ciprobay®, 3.18㎍/㎖; Citopcin®, 2.89㎍/㎖). The values of other pharmacokinetic parameter of ciprofloxacin computed for Ciprobay® are presented in that order: AUC=13.53:12.47㎍·h/㎖, T_(max)=1.28:1.14 hours; MRT=5.30:5.08 hours; t_(1/2)β=3.65:3.47 hours. No satistically significant, differences were detected when AUC and the other parameters were compared with the method of ANOVA. Using the criteria of 90% confidence interval for the assessment of bioequivalence al the parameters were acceptable. The products were found to be equivalent on the premise that no significant difference was detected when the relevant pharmacokinetic parameters were compared, and the confidence limit analysis showed acceptable results.

人蔘種子에 있어서 後熟過程中 內生 Hormone의 變化

崔京求,張熙振,柳南熙 全北大學校 1994 論文集 Vol.37 No.-

This study was conducted to investigate the seasonal changes of inhibitors during after-ripening of the ginseng seeds. The bioassays of lettuce seed germination rate to the water and chlorogorm soluble fraction extracted from ginseng seeds during stratification were applied. The obtained results were summarized as follows: 1. Three kinds of germination inhibitors were detected in the water soluble fraction of the after-ripening seeds, and the activity of inhibitors was more increased at the Rf 0.1 zone than that of the Rf 0.4-0.5 and 0.8-1.0 zone. 2. Chroloform soluble fraction showed the similar tendency to the water soluble fraction, and promoter was recognized at the Rf 0.1-0.2 zone in the seeds of 90th day after stratification. The inhibitor of the Rf 0.1-0.2 zone increased in accordance with stratification, and that of the Rf 0.9-1.0 zone decreased slightly. 3. On the whole, the physiological activities of three kinds of germination inhibitors from the water soluble fraction showed more increase than those of the chloroform soluble fraction. 4. The water and chloroform soluble 'faction from the embryos of ginseng seeds during stratification showed two kinds of germination ingibitors at the Rf 0.4-0.5 and 0.9-1.0 zones, and water soluble fraction from the endosperms of ginseng seeds showed three kinds of inhibitors at the Rf 0.1-0.2. 0.4-0.5 and 0.7-1.0 zones.

담양신설 IC의 교통소음도 조사연구

최형일,강영주,채희정,김연풍,조도호,설동화,정숙경 조선대학교 환경공해연구소 2007 環境公害硏究 Vol.20 No.1

After the vehicle has become a large formation with high-speed, loud noise from an express highway is increasing, and the number of large-scale apartment complexes, which are recently being constructed in the metropolitan area nearby the express highway and IC, is increasing gradually. Compared with a main road, the traffic volume and the speed of a vehicle between IC and the ramp way [turn-off] are smaller. If the ramp way is rightly connected with the downtown area, however, the traffic-noise that comes about in surrounding areas will be in conjunction with the traffic-noise from the main road of express highway and that of the ramp way. This research has selected a place that hasn't had a road or a commercial quarter nearby the main-road of IC and ramp way. Then we have studied the traffic-noise status under minimizing influence of its outer-noise, which occurs in IC. 1. The traffic volume change of a small and full-sized car with time has been kept on regularity in 2004 and 2005. As the traffic volume of a full-sized car has diminished remarkably, it has been maintaining through 6:00a.m.-10:00 a.m. As it has decreased since lO:OO a.m.. we have also observed the traffic proportion going up. 2. Monthly traffic volume of small cars was higher in May, August and October than other months. We have observed that the high traffic volume during these months is due to the following: May-The Damyang festival, August-a high-demand season, October-viewing scarlet maple leaves. Monthly traffic volume of full-sized cars was generally higher in August, but it has decreased during 2006. This was due to the many construction trucks that were working on the extension of the 88 Olympic expressway. Therefore, there was more traffic volume in 2006 compared to 2004 and 2005. 3. In this study, the noise figures have been less than 55 dB(A) in 18 spots. There were 14 spots from 55dB(A) to 58dB(A). 58-61dB(A) : 20, 61-64dB(A) : 17, 64-67dB(A) : 18. There were 8 spots we observed at the highest level from 67dB(A) to 70dB(A). Those were the nearby spots separating the main road and Damyang IC. 4. Traffic-noise at the boundary between IC and the main road of an expressway was higher than that of the same distance in other places. 5. We have observed that traffic-noise is low in places with mountains that serve the role of soundproofing walls. Thus, the fundamental sound hadn't affected it.

도로교통소음의 수평·수직적 전달 및 감쇠 특성

최형일,채희정,김연풍,조도호,설동화,정숙경,김정애 조선대학교 생산기술연구소 2007 生産技術硏究 Vol.29 No.1

This study has been conducted to achieve the following objectives: First, in order to understand the horizontal propagation and attenuation characteristics for the road traffic noise, we selected actively developed areas within 100 meters away from the road to measure the level of traffic noise near a road. To measure the noise near a railroad, we selected areas within 100 meters away from the road. In this way, we analyzed the horizontal propagation and attenuation characteristics for the traffic noise occurring in diversified areas. Second, in order to understand the vertical propagation and attenuation characteristics for the road traffic noise, we measured and analyzed the distributional characteristics of vertical sound pressure levels on each floor of multi-storied apartment buildings according to changes of traffic load and types, and the existence or nonexistence of soundproof walls. For the case of the road traffic noise, we also selected we measured and analyzed the different noise levels on each floor of multi-storied apartment buildings from the soundproof wall. The results of Horizontal propagation and attenuation characteristics for the road traffic noise are as follows: In cases of the soundproof wall + raising ground, raising ground, cutting land, and flat land as distance increases, the sound pressure level steadily decreases. The soundproof wall + raising ground has an especially high distance decrease compared to the other areas, and the sound pressure level for the raising ground is higher than that of the cutting land with a measurement of 10.7~12.1dB(A). Vertical propagation and attenuation characteristics for the road traffic noise are as follows: The amount of sound pressure level decrease is 12.6- 14.5dB(A) for first floor when measuring the vertical sound pressure levels at soundproof wall, which indicates a fairly large decrease. At fifth and sixth floor, the amount of decrease is 2.3dB(A), which indicates a small decrease.

마약성 진통제 사용에 관한 지식 및 태도의 비교

김경희,최경숙,이순실,이병구 한국병원약사회 2000 병원약사회지 Vol.17 No.4

Narcotic analgesics has been known as representitive drugs for pain control n terminally ill patient with palliative care, narcotic analgesics use is most effective and best, way to reduce pain in that patients However many patients are poorly complient with narcotic analgesics for lack of knowledgement of narcotics effect, perception of addictive drug, tolerence and adverse reaction. In addition to many doctors do not choose the adequate narcotics according to pain severity. It has been reported that effective pain management has not been achieved by doctors and nurses because of shortness of knowledgement of narcotic use on administration. This study was performed to identify pharmacist knowledgement of narcotic analgesics in respect that the pharmacist are responsible for patient education of narcotic medication, to identify the barrjers of narcotic dispensing and administration and then to compare the knowledgement between doctors, nurses and pharmacist. At first we surveyed the pharmacist's knowledgement and attitude by written questionnaire in SNUH in Sep. 2000, and then we compared this result and doctors and nurses' result has been taken already in SNUH in May 1999. The questionnaires are composed of narcotics classification 11, narcotic pharmacology 8, narcotic administration 5, more detail question 15 cited in Elliot study. The result is analysed by average, S.D., frequency, percentile, comparison of knowledgement of doctors, nurses and pharmacist is analysed by paire t-test, ANOVA. As a result, the pharmacist group has higher average in knowledgement of narcotic analgesics, however it was not different from doctor and nurse's significantly. According to result of attitude analysis, 48% of pharmacist has been hesitated in dispensing and administration of narcotics, that was because of the difficulty in management of narcotic prescription (25%). The role of pharmacist in pain management of patients who take narcotic analgesics is very important and great. We ought to obtain a certain of accurate knowledgement of narcotic analgesic use and perform a effective and responsible medication education and counseling.

麥酒麥의 (1-3,1-4)-β-glucanase 遺傳子의 構造와 發現 樣狀

유남희,윤성중,최경구,김제환,박충웅 全北大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1994 基礎科學 Vol.16 No.-

禾穀類 種子 發芽時 호분층과 ??組織의 細胞壁에 多量 含有되어 있는 (1-3, 1-4)-β-glucan을 分解하여 種子의 發芽에 必要한 加水分解酵素의 分泌 및 擴散 浸透를 돕는다. 本 硏究에서는 國內 麥酒麥의 (1-3, 1-4)-β-glucanase 遺傳子의 構造 및 發現 에 대한 基礎 情報를 얻기 위하여 生化學的 및 分子生物學的 方法을 利用하여 發芽種子 및 어린 잎에서의 酵素活性과 遺傳子의 發芽樣狀 그리고 遺傳子의 構造 等을 調査하였다. 麥酒麥 發芽種子中 (1-3, 1-4)-β-glucanase 活性은 發芽 7日째에 제일 높았다. (1-3, 1-4)-β-glucanase의 活性測定에 使用한 (1-3, 1-4)-β-glucan이 (1-4)-β-glucanase에 의해 分解될 可能性이 있으므로 (1-4)-β-glucanase의 活性도 測定하였는데 (1-4)-β-glucanase의 活性이 매우 낮게 나타나서(1-4)-β-glucanase가 (1-3, 1-4)-β-glucanase을 分解하여 (1-3, 1-4)-β-glucanse의 活性에 影響을 미쳤을 可能性이 매우 낮았다. 麥酒麥의 (1-3, 1-4)-β-glucanase 遺傳子 構造를 PCR을 利用하여 調査하였던바 國內 麥酒麥의 (1-3, 1-4)-β-glucanase 遺傳子 構造는 外國의 다른 品種들이나 귀리의 遺傳子 構造와 대단히 類似하였다. 酵素活性 測定과 귀리의 (1-3, 1-4)-β-glucanase cDNA clone을 ?識子로 利用한 보리의 mRNA 分析에 의해서 發芽傳子 및 어린 잎에서 (1-3, 1-4)-β-glucanase가 種子發芽 以外에도 生育中인 組織細胞의 伸張과 發育 및 β-glucan 再利用에 泌要한 β-glucan 代謝에 關與하고 있음을 示唆하는 結果라 생각된다. (1-3, 1-4)-β-glucans hydrolysis of cell wall (1-3, 1-4)-β-glucanas accompanies degradation of endosperm cell walls during cereal seed germination. To investigate (1-3, 1-4)-β-glucanase expression pattern in Korean malting barley, (1-3, 1-4)-β-glucanase activity, gene structure and mRNA expression patterns werre examined. (1-3, 1-4)-β-glucanase activity increased as germination proceeded and the highest enzyme activity was detected in seeds germinated for 7 days. Because (1-4)-β-glucanase have a potential to degrade (1-3, 1-4)-β-glucans, (1-4)-β-glucanase activity was also determined. (1-4)-β-glucanase activity, however, was very low minimizing possibility of (1-4)-β-glucanase action on (1-3, 1-4)-β-glucan substrate. PCR technique was employed to investigate (1-3, 1-4)-β-glucanase gene structure. The amplification product of the expected size from the targeted sites of Dusan #29 indicated that (1-3, 1-4)-β-glucanase systems were conserved in different barley varieties and even in oats. (1-3, 1-4)-β-glucanase activity and mRNAs were detected in young leaves as well as in germinating seeds. This may suggest that (1-3, 1-4)-β-glucanase are also involved in β-glucan metabolism required for cell elongation and β-glucan reutilization during leaf growth and developmetn.

養液濃度와 培地種類가 Black Olympia 포도나무의 生育과 果實品質에 미치는 影響

김희곤,김광수,김월수,임경호,최경주,김상철,김병삼 全南大學校 農業科學技術硏究所 1999 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.34 No.-

본 硏究는 養液栽培時 養液濃度와 培地種類가 대립계 포도품종인 Black Olympia의 生育과 果實品質에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 하였다. 新梢長은 0.5배에서 1.5배의 양액농도에서 농도가 높을수록 길었고, 배지종류별로는 0.5배 농도에서는 밭흙과 퇴비를 1:1로 혼합한 배지에서 신초장이 길었으나 1.5배 농도에서는 오히려 짧게 나타났다. 節間長은 저농도의 양액농도에서는 밭흙과 퇴비를 혼합한 배지가 길었으나 1.5배의 고농도에서는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 각 배지에서 濃度가 높을수록 간경이 크게 나타났으며 배지종류간에는 펄라이트와 버미큘라이트 혼합배지가 밭흙과 퇴비를 혼합한 배지보다 컸으나 유의차가 없었다. 果房重은 각 배지에서 1.0배의 양액농도가 가장 무거웠으며 배지 종류간에는 밭흙과 퇴비를 혼합한 배지가 더 무거웠다. 糖度는 각 배지의 1.0배 양액농도가 높았으며 배지종류간에는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 果皮의 안토시아닌 함량은 배지별로 밭흙과 퇴비를 혼합한 배지에서 높았으며 양액농도별로는 1.0배에서 높게 나타났다. 收量은 펄라이트와 버미큘라이트를 혼합한 배지에서 양액농도가 높을수록 많았으나 밭흙과 퇴비 혼합배지에서는 1.0배의 농도에서 높게 나타났다. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of ionic strength and substrates on growth and fruit quality, and to establish fruit tree nutrient solution culture. The higher ionic strength showed the longer shoot length of grape. Among the substrates, upland soil+compost showed longer shoot length than perlite+vermiculite in 0.5 strength but shorter in 1.5 strength of Hoagland solution. Internode length was longer in upland soil+compost than in perlite+vermiculite in 0.5 strength, but there were no significance in 1.0 and 1.5 strength of Hoagland solution. Higher ionic strength and/or perlite+vermiculite of substrates showed tricker in trunk diameter than lower ionic strength and/or upland soil+compost. Cluster weight was heavier in 1.0 ionic strength than the others. Cluster weight in upland soil+compost was heavier than that of perlite+vermiculite. Soluble solids content of berry was the highest as much as 17.3。 Bx on 1.0 ionic strength of three strength, but there are no significances in substrates. Anthocyanin content of grape skin was higher in upland soil+compost than perlite+vermiculite, as well as the highest in 1.0 strength among three strengths. The higher ionic strength showed the more berry set. Each substrate showed uniformal berry set and growth. The best result in berry yields was obtained in 1.0 ionic strength with substrate of upland soil+compost in comparison to other treatments.

영·유아교육기관 교사의 직업적 어려움에 관한 연구

김애자,최경희 한국영유아보육학회 2003 한국영유아보육학 Vol.0 No.35

The purpose of this study is to analyze the professional problems perceived by the public & private kindergarten teachers, day care center teachers. The subjects of this study were 188 the public & private kindergarten teachers, day care center teachers. The results of this study were as follows : 1) For the frequency of teacher's perceived the professional problems according to the child education institution type, the nine global areas of factors was ranked the highest in which teachers of the day care center. 2) For the frequency of teacher's perceived the professional problems according to the age background of the child education institution teachers, the nine global areas of factors ranked the highest from twenty age to the middle of thirty age. 3) For the frequency of teacher's perceived the professional problems according to the academic background of the child education institution teachers, the global areas of factors showed a significant statistical difference in which teachers of graduated from a college than a university. 4) For the frequency of teacher's perceived the professional problems according to the career background with child education institution teachers, the global areas of factors showed a significant statistical difference.

항 Vancomycin 내성균성 항생물질을 생산하는 Streptomyces sp.AMLK-335의 배양조건

이기형,임대석,최경희,이경호,김창한,김정환 건국대학교 동물자원연구센터 2000 動物資源硏究誌 Vol.21 No.-

본 연구는 새로운 항 vancomycin 내성균성 항생물질을 개발하기 위하여 실시되었으며, 전국 각지의 토양 시료로부터 분리한 방선균 중 vancomycin 내성균주인 K-98 Enterococcus faecium 642, K-98 Enterococcus faecium 637 균주에 대하여 항생물질을 생산하는 분리균주 AMLK-335를 선정하여 이 균주의 항생물질 생산에 대한 최적 발효 조건을 검토한 결과, 탄소원 첨가로는 glycerol(0.5%), 질소원 첨가로는 yeast extract(0.5%)가 가장 효과적으로 항생물질 생산에 이용되었고, 비타민을 첨가에 따른 항생물질 생산성의 차이는 크게 나타나지 않았으나, calcium pantothenate 첨가시 항균활성이 비교적 높아졌으며, 금속이온의 첨가는 K+, Pb+, Ba²+, NA²+ , Ca²+를 첨가하였을 때는 항생물질의 생산성이 비교적 높아졌으며, 그중 Ca²+ 첨가구가 가장 생산성이 높았으며, Fe²+ , Hg+의 금속이온을 첨가하였을 때는 항생물질 생산성이 감소하였으며, CaCO₃첨가는 비첨가구보다 높은 항생물질 생산성을 보였으나, 첨가량에 따른 영향은 대체적으로 없었다. pH의 변화에 따른 생산성은 전반적으로 pH가 항생 물질 생산에 영향을 미치지 못하였으나, pH 4.5∼6.0 부근에서는 비교적 높은 항생물질 생산성을보였으며, 통기량에 따른 항생물질 생산성은 통기량이 많을수록 항생물질 생산이 좋았다. 한편 배양기간에 따라 항생물질 생산성을 조사한 결과, 5일째에 가장 높은 항생물질 생산성을 나타내었으며, pH의 변화는 배양 초기에 하강하였다가 점차 상승하는 경향을 보였다. This study was carried out for examining antibiotic productivity of the strain Streptomyces sp. AMLK-335 producing anti-VRE antibiotic. According to different condition, the strain was cultured for 4 days at 27℃ and determined cell growth, pH value and antibiotic productivity using disk diffusion method. In the experiment, the strain Streptomyces sp. AMLK-335 was examined various culture conditions which was added 8 carbon sources, 12 nitrogen sources, 8 vitamins and 11 metal ions in each time and controlled concentration of CaCO₃, initial pH and aeration. From the studies of conditions for antibiotic production, antibiotic productivity was the best to use 0.5% glycerol as carbon source and 0.5% yeast extract as nitrogen source. When several vitamins were added to medium, there was little difference in antibiotic productivity. But the addition of calcium pantothenate slightly increased antimicrobial activity. The addition of metal ion, such as K+, Pb+, Ba²+, NA²+ and Ca²+ slightly increased antibiotic productivity except Fe²+ and Hg+. The addition of CaCo₃showed higher than non-addition experiment in antibiotic production, but there wasn't generally influenced at addition concentration. According to pH change, antibiotic productivity was increased at pH 4.5∼6.0, and when there was a lot of aeration, antibiotic productivity was increased.

둥시 장아찌 제조 과정 중 이화학적 특성 변화

차원섭,백신경,나경민,박준희,오상룡,이원영,천성숙,최웅규,조영제 한국응용생명화학회 2003 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.46 No.4

떫은감 품종의 하나인 등시를 이용하여 감장아찌 제조 중 과육의 이화학적 변화를 조사한 결과, 염도 변화는 저농도 간장 및 된장 침지의 경우 다소 완만한 증가를 보였고, 고농도의 간장 및 된장 침지의 경우 침지 기간내내 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 간장 침지액 감장아찌의 경도는 간장 및 된장 모두 20-80% 농도에서는 침지 초기에는 증가하다가 침지 기간이 경과할수록 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 간장 침지 감장아찌의 색도 변화는 저장기간이 경과할수록 명도가 낮아지는 경향이었고, 적색도와 황색도는 침지액 농도를 달리하였을 경우 농도가 낮을수록, 침지 기간이 길어질수록 높았으며, 침지액 농도에 따른 차이는 크지 않았다. 침지액의 간장 및 된장의 농도를 달리하였을 때 감장아찌 중의 탄닌함량의 변화는 모든 침지액 농도에서 침지 기간이 지속될수록 탄닌의 함량은 저장 초기에 서서히 감소되다가 침지 기간이 길어질수록 급격히 감소하였으며, 첨가량에 따른 탄닌함량의 변화폭은 크지 않았다. 침지액의 간장 및 된장의 농도를 달리하였을 때 감과육에 존재하는 연화효소인 polygalacturonase와 pectinesterase 활성 변화는 간장침지 및 된장침지 모두 침지 초기부터 효소활성이 증가하기 시작하였으며 침지 기간이 경화할수록 효소활성은 더욱 높아지는 것을 알 수 있었고, 침지액의 농도가 높아질수록 효소활성이 억제되었다. Changes of physicochemical properties during the preparation of persimmon pickles were investigated. The salinity in persimmon pickles increased during storage time (0~50 days) with soy sauce and soy paste. When the fermented soy sauce and soy paste was added to the soaking solution with 80~100%, the salinity increased more rapidly. The hardness of persimmon pickles with soy sauce and soy paste was slightly increased up to the 20 or 30th day of storage and then decreased. L value of persimmon pickles was gradually decreased, but a and b value were slightly increased. The concentration of soluble tannin in persimmon pickles was slightly decreased down to the 20th day of storage and then decreased rapidly. The activities of polygalacturonase and pectinesterase as softening enzyme in persimmon pickles with soy sauce and soy paste increased during storage time (0-50 days) and enzyme activity was inhibited by high concentration of soaking solution.