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강영주 국립문화재연구원 2020 헤리티지:역사와 과학 Vol.53 No.3
The purpose of this paper is to examine the paintings and symbols of the Jeju Guandeokjeong murals, TreasureNo. 322. Gwandeokjeong Pavilion in Jeju is one of the oldest buildings in Jeju and was built in 1448 during the reignof King Sejong (世宗) of the Joseon Dynasty to serve as a training ground for soldiers. Unlike GwandeokjeongPavilions in other regions, Jeju’s Gwandeokjeong Pavilion has a long history and is of cultural value due to itsbeautiful architecture. In addition, it contains various murals which are a further source of attention. There are fourmurals on the front and back of the two Lintels on the left and right sides of the building. Their contents include<Battle of ChiBi (赤壁大戰)> of『 The Three Kingdoms (三國志)』 and <ChuiYangjuGullManggeo (醉過楊洲橘滿車)>and <The Four Sages of Shang Shan (商山四皓)> on the back. Towards the right, <Hunting Scene Painting (虎獵圖/胡獵圖)> is depicted, with <Sipjangsaengdo (十長生圖)> on the back. Based on a replica of the murals from 1976,the plan, style, and age of the Gwandeokjeong Pavilion murals have been studied, together with their meanings. Thecontents of the mural are broadly divided into five parts, which are identified by the tacit signatures atop the screen,which provide such details as the painting titles. The paintings on the left and right sides of the center appear toinspire the spirit of the military’s commerce in order to boost soldiers’ morale, protect the country, and protect thepeople in line with the purpose of Gwandeokjeong Pavilion. The following <Narrative Figure Paintings (古事人物圖) of <Narrative Figure Painting of Du-Mu (杜牧人物古事圖)> and <The Four Sages of Shang Shan> figurativelydepict guidelines for the behavior and mindset of officials. In particular, <Sipjangsaengdo> is a painting concernedwith concepts of longevity and an auspicious (吉祥), which shows how court paintings became popular as folkpaintings at that time. The paintings of tangerines and other specialties of Jeju Island, the ritual paintings of Jeokbyeokdaejeon,and the expressions of Mt. Halla (漢拏山) and Oreum (오름) indicate the existence of Jeju artists that belongedto the Jeju government office at that time. The five themes and styles of the murals also show that the murals ofGwandeokjeong Pavilion were produced in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
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개정 국제사법에 관한 비교법적 고찰- 혼인관계사건의 국제재판관할을 중심으로 -
강영주 고려대학교 법학연구원 2022 고려법학 Vol.- No.104
This paper presents a review of international jurisdiction regarding marriage-related cases arising from the revision of the Act on Private International Law that was recently passed (December, 9. 2021) by the National Assembly. As international exchanges have increased, disputes with foreign entities have also become increasingly important. Previous cases involving international jurisdiction were settled through precedents and ultimately a revision of the Act Private International Law was drafted in 2018. The issue of international jurisdiction has a long history extending back to the ancient Near East. Problems with international jurisdiction in Europe have frequently arisen because Europe has many geographically adjacent countries. This article also reviews legal precedents. Although there have been legal cases regarding international judicial jurisdiction, the need for legislation still arises. The revised Private International Law statute is intended to legislatively resolve this need in consideration of such necessity. Furthermore, this paper compares and discusses the EU’s Brussels II bis, a model for international jurisdiction in Europe, Germany’s Act on Proceedings in Family Matters and in Matters of Non-contentious Jurisdiction, Japan's recently enacted Personal Status Litigation Act, and Korea’s revision of the Act on Private International Law. The statutory revision seeks to diverge from the former statute, which had only a clause declaring the principle of substantive relevance to international jurisdiction, and undertakes to clarify international jurisdiction by stipulating specific international jurisdiction in statutory form. In so doing, the statutory revision is expected to enhance predictability for the relevant parties and thereby contribute to legal stability. In particular, Korean marriage-related regulations apparently both consider the reality of frequent international marriages and disputes and strive to reflect international trends through comparison with foreign legal systems. Since the issue of international jurisdiction has both domestic and international aspects, reconciling both is necessary. As domestic affairs such as marriage have greater influence on a person's status and overall life than property-related matters, international jurisdiction should be established in due consideration of this reality. The issue of international jurisdiction also affects relations with foreign laws. Therefore, Korean legislation and jurists must undertake continuous and extensive research on various foreign systems, including those of neighboring countries. 이 글은 최근 국회 본회의를 통과한 개정 국제사법 내용 중 혼인관계사건에 관한 국제재판관할을 비교법적 관점에서 고찰한 것이다. 외국의 법률 중 유럽에서 국제재판관할의 모델이 된 EU의 브뤼셀 개정 제2규정, 한국의 개정안에 참고가 된 독일가사비송법, 그리고 최근에 입법이 된 일본 인사소송법을 검토하였다. 고대 근동부터 시작된 국제재판관할문제는 지리적으로 인접한 국가가 많은 유럽에서 빈번하게 발생하였다. 한국 역시 외국과 관련된 분쟁이 최근 증가하고 있는데, 특히 혼인과 같은 가사사건의 증가세가 뚜렷하다. 혼인관계사건은 사람의 신분과 생활 전반에 큰 영향을 끼치기 때문에 재산관계사건보다 법적 안정성이 강조된다. 2001년 국제사법 개정안에서 국제재판관할에 대한 실질적 관련 원칙이 선언되었고 이를 기초로 판례들이 형성되었지만, 국제재판관할에 대한 입법적 필요성은 계속 제기되었다. 그 후 국제사법을 개정하려는 노력이 있어왔고, 2021년 12월에 비로소 개정 국제사법이 통과되면서 국제재판관할에 대한 많은 부분들이 입법적으로 해결되었다. 개정 국제사법은 국제재판관할에 대해 구체적인 명문의 규정을 두어 개정 전 법보다 실질적 관련 원칙에 대한 판단 기준을 확보하였다는 평가를 받고 있다. 특히 국제혼인과 관련된 분쟁이 빈번해지는 현실을 고려하여 이와 관련된 내용을 명확히 정하였다고 볼 수 있다. 국제재판관할기준을 브뤼셀 제2규정이나 독일의 가사비송법처럼 일상거소를 중심으로 정한 점 그리고 원고구제를 목적으로 일정한 요건 아래 원고관할을 인정한 것을 그 예로 들 수 있다. 앞에서 언급한 바와 같이 혼인관계사건은 사람의 생활 전반에 중요한 영향을 끼치기 때문에 원고관할은 큰 의미를 가지게 된다. 국제재판관할문제는 국내 문제와 국제 문제 모두를 포괄한다는 특징이 있으므로 각 문제가 상호 충돌하는 것을 조정하여야 한다. 더 나아가 국제재판관할문제는 외국법과도 서로 영향을 미치기 때문에 앞으로 주변국 뿐만 아니라 해외의 다양한 제도를 지속적으로 폭넓게 연구하여야 한다.
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