판소리에 엇중모리 대목의 전승과정에 관한 고찰

최지연(Choi Ji yeon) 국립국악원 2017 국악원논문집 Vol.36 No.-

This paper examines the lyrics, the positioning, and the musical features of eotjungmori passage in pansori starting from the period that it was established through its hand-down process afterwards. In this study, we analyzed pansori related literature, mainly the change in rhythmic structure evinced in musical transcriptions of pansori, and audio materials that included recordings of passages with eotjungmori rhythm. As a result, it was found that there was a change in the hand-down pattern of eotjungmori passage through the first half of the 20th century. In the early and mid 20th century, eotjungmori passages can be found in the musical transcriptions of Shim Chong-sun and Kim Yeo-ran. In pansori batang (story), it appears not in conjunction with particular lyrics but is scattered in various passages. After the mid 20th century, while there are differences depending on the singer or batang, the number of eotjungmori passages has generally been reduced to one or two per batang. Although this period usually shows a trend toward reduction in the number of eotjungmori passages, Kim Yeon-soo’s works illustrate an increase, differing from other schools and singers at the time. Likewise, the addition of eotjungmori passages in the performances of Oh Jung-suk can be attributed to those composed by her mentor Kim Yeon-soo. The tendency of reduction in the number of eotjungmori passages converges to combine with particular lyrics through the mid and late 20th century. A good example is the epilogue (huildam) that concludes pansori performance. In addition, it also appears in the form of some ‘background lyrics’ by combining with lyrics such as background lyrics for Chunhyang’s mother in Chunhyangga or background lyrics for the crow in fighting for high seat scene in Soogoongga. However, the epilogue in this era is often referred to as a different rhythmic pattern. For example, in recordings by Jung Ung-min, Park Bongsul or of Lim Bang-ul’s Jeokbyeokga, the epilogue called Jungmori. After the reduction of the number of eotjungmori passages at the end of the 20th century, eotjungmori passages that converged to combine with a particular lyric became completely fixed while still exhibiting a hand-down pattern. The end of the 20th century was the time when the terminology for the epilogue that had been referred to by various names including eotjungmori, jungjungmori, jungmori, and eotmori through mid and late 20th century became standardized as eotjungmori. On the other hand, the musical features of eotjungmori passages showed a general similarity regardless of the school or singer. Except for the sound that makes a one-time appearance among the emergent sounds, eotjungmori passages contain the sound of “sol,” “do ”, “re ”, “mi ”, “fa ”, “sol ”, “la ” and all end with “do ”. In comparison to other passages, the appearances of sigimsae or yoseong are relatively rare, but there are some suggestions of chuseong in the progression of “So”-“Do.” Also, in sequential descent progression such as “mi ”-“re ”-“do ” or “sol ”-“re ”-“do ”, it is characterized by a thick yoseong of “re .” The main melodic features are leap progression and sequential descent progression. For leap progression, regardless of the direction of the leap, the leap is mainly 4 or 5 intervals, and sequential descent progression leads to sigimsae or repetition of same note. These musical features are the characteristics of ujo and are universal characteristics of pansori eotjungmori which are commonly found today. Through this, it was found that the musical features were passed down without a great change, unlike the process in which the lyric of eotjungmori passage became fixed. In other words, it is in the middle of the 20th century that passages with eotjungmori rhythm in pansori were used at the end of each batang and the epilogue was typically sung in place of lyrics. 본고는 판소리에서 엇중모리 대목이 확립되는 시기와 그 이후의 전승과정에 대해 사설 및 배치되는 위치, 그리고 음악적 특징과 관련해 살펴보았다. 엇중모리장단 대목이 포함된 판소리 관련 문헌자료와 음원자료를 대상으로, 문헌자료의 경우 장단이 병기된 판소리 창본들을, 음원자료의 경우 엇중모리장단 대목이 녹음된 음반자료들을 중심으로 다루었다. 그 결과 20세기 전반에 걸쳐 시기에 따라 엇중모리 대목의 전승 양상에 변화가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 20세기 초중반의 엇중모리 대목은 심정순과 김여란의 창본에서 살펴볼 수 있었으며 판소리 한바탕에서 특정 사설과 결합하지 않고 여러 대목에 산재하는 형태로 등장한다. 이후 20세기 중반을 지나면서 엇중모리 대목은 창자별, 바탕별 차이는 있으나 대개 한 바탕에서의 엇중모리 대목이 한 두 대목으로 축소된다. 이 시기는 대개 엇중모리 대목이 축소되는 방향성을 보여주지만 김연수의 경우만 예외적으로 엇중모리 대목의 수가 다른 유파나 창자들에 비해 추가된다. 김연수의 제자인 오정숙에게도 공통적으로 나타나는 엇중모리 대목 수의 추가는 김연수가 작창한 대목이다. 엇중모리 대목이 축소되는 방향성은 20세기 중후반을 거치면서 특정 사설과의 결합으로 모아지는데, 대표적인 사설이 판소리 한바탕의 끝을 맺는 후일담이다. 그밖에 춘향가 중 월매 과거 내력, 수궁가 상좌다툼 중 까마귀 내력과 같은 사설과도 결합하여 ‘○○내력 사설’형태로 나타난다. 그러나 이 시기의 후일담은 종종 다른 장단으로 불리기도 했는데 정응민, 박봉술의 창본이나 임방울의 적벽가 음반을 보면 후일담이 중모리로 부르고 있어 좋은 예라 하겠다. 엇중모리 대목이 축소되는 과정 이후인 20세기 말이 되면 특정 사설과의 결합으로 모아졌던 엇중모리 대목이 완전히 고착화되어 변함없이 전승양상을 보여준다. 20세기 말은 20세기 중·후반에서 후일담이 엇중모리를 포함하여 중중모리, 중모리, 엇모리 등의 장단으로 불렸던 것이 모두 엇중모리로 고착화되는 시기로 이로써 후일담이 엇중모리 대목으로 정착하게 된다. 한편 엇중모리 대목의 음악적 특징은 유파나 창자에 관계없이 전반적인 공통점을 보여주었다. 출현음 중에서 일회적 출현을 하는 음을 제외하면 ‘솔’, ‘도 ’, ‘레 ’, ‘미 ’, ‘파 ’, ‘솔 ’, ‘라 ’의 출현음을 보여주고 모두 ‘도’로 종지한다. 시김새나 요성이 다른 대목들에 비해 전반적으로 적은 편이나 솔 - 도 의 진행에서 추성이 일부 나타나고, ‘미 ’-‘레 ’-‘도 ’ 또는 ‘솔 ’-‘레 ’-‘도 ’ 로 순차하행시 ‘레 ’에 굵은 요성이 특징적이다. 선율적 특징은 도약 진행과 순차적 하강진행을 꼽을 수 있는데 도약진행은 방향에 관계없이 주로 4도, 5도 도약이 많고 순차적 하강진행은 시김새나 동음반복을 만들어낸다. 이러한 음악적 특징은 우조의 특징과 같으며 오늘날 확인되는 판소리 엇중모리의 보편적인 특성이다. 이를 통해 엇중모리 대목의 사설이 고착되는 과정과 달리 음악적 특징은 큰 변화 없이 전승된 것을 알 수 있었다. 즉, 판소리에서 엇중모리 장단 대목이 각 바탕의 가장 마지막에 사용되고, 해당 사설로 주로 후일담을 부르게 된 것은 20세기 중반이고 이러한 형태가 완전히 고착화 된 것은 20세기 후반이라 할 수 있겠지만, 그 음악적 특징은 엇중모리 장단 대목의 생성 이후 변화 없이 전승된 것으로 보인다. 즉, 판소리 엇중모리장단 대목의 전승에 있어서는 그 음악적 특징은 별다른 변화가 없었으며, 사설 내용과 그 대목이 불리는 위치가 20세기 중반 이후 오늘날과 같이 확립되고 그 이후 고착화되는 과정을 거쳤다고 할 수 있겠다.

노인의 영적 간호요구

최미혜,김경희,김귀옥,김기숙,김수강,김정신,김춘숙,노흥진,박지연,성혜연,오명선,이선희,이원옥,이윤영,이현수,장명재,차혜경,채정선,홍상희 중앙대학교 의과대학 간호학과 간호과학연구소 2001 중앙간호논문집 Vol.5 No.1

This study was designed to exam the aged's needs for spiritual nursing care. The purpose was to serve as a basis for the development of spiritual nursing practice. The major findings are as follows : 1. The degree of needs for spiritual nursing care as area was that needs of love and relationship mean 22.0, needs of meaning and object mean 28.2, needs of forgiving mean 13.5. Total needs for spiritual nursing care mean 63.7, which was on the upper middle level. The needs of meaning and object was rated highest. 2. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of love and relatiohship wasn't significanlty different. 3. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of meaning and object was significantly different according to two factors : age(F=7.260, p=0.001), religion(F=5.275, p=0.001). Higher needs of meaning and object was possessed by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other. 4. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, four factors made a significantly difference to needs of forgiving : sex(t=-2.851, p=0.006), age(F=8.201, p=0.001), religion(F=6.928, p=0.000), disease(t=2.327, p=0.024). Higher needs of forgiving was possessed by man than woman, by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other, by the one who have disease than the other.

메타인지 전략을 활용한 수업이 실과의 사고 기능에 미치는 영향

최지연,정성봉 韓國實科敎育硏究學會 2002 實科敎育硏究 Vol.8 No.1

The purpose of this study was to apply three-staged metacognition strategy(plan-monitor-control) based teaching on chair making task with corrugated cardboard in an elementary practical course to verify the effect of metacognition strategy-adopted teaching on thinking skill. 80 6th grade students from B elementary school in A city, Kyonggi province were enrolled to verity the hypothesis. A post inspection control group design was used among the designs which use the existing class structure. The metacognition strategy-adopted teaching (self-plan, self-monitoring, and self-controlling) was used on the experimental group and classic teaching method was applied on the control group. The effect was verified by post inspection method. To verify the effect of post evaluation results, t-score method was used and significance level was set as p<0.5 For statistical analysis SPSS/WIN 10.0 was used for statistical treatment. The result showed that the group which used the metacognition strategy-applied teaching came up with better performance on thinking skill in a practical arts than the control group. The conclusion derived from the above study is that metacognition strategy-adopted teaching was more effective in thinking skill in a practical arts than the class method. The study suggests that a better learning efficiency can be achieved by applying metacognition strategy in the thinking skill of a practical arts.

지역적 특성을 고려한 보육시설모형에 관한 연구

최경순,황연숙,정지영 신라대학교 자연과학연구소 1999 自然科學論文集 Vol.6 No.-

This study aims to grasp the present condition of nurseries, to investigate and analyse case studies, to suggest standards and reform measures, and based on these, to produce basic information for the formation of an architectural spatial model. Data were collected through questionnaire survey including observations and interviews. The sample consisted of 82 Child Care Centers. The data were analized by using SPSS-PC program. The major findings were as follows : (1) The facility and equipments in the child care centers were insufficient for children's development. (2) Most of child care centers are not in the desirable Interior environment. To enhance the quality of child care centers, the physical interior environment of child care centers should be influence on the development of child. (3) Functional spaces should be organized to support the child' behavior. Multi-purposed room should be provide to encourage and adapt to variety of large-muscle activities. (4) Interior findings looks too monotonous and do not have characteristics. Natural materials, various colors and patterns are recommendable. Furniture should be designed to meet the functions of flexibility, mobility, and security.

SJO¨GREN'S SYNDROME 환자에게 즉시 임프란트 술식을 행한 치험례

최정환,손동석,이지연,이윤서,안선희,이재목 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2000 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.22 No.5

The old edentulous patients experience xerostomia commonly. They have considerable difficulty in wearing tissue-supported prosthesis and high risk rate of caries. One of them is Sj□gren's syndrome patient. Sj□gren's syndrome is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder that results in a lymphocyte-mediated destruction of exocrine glands. We planned to place implants immediately after extraction in this case of autoimmune disease. The advantages of immediate implant placement include considerable decrease in time from tooth extraction to placement of the final prosthesis, fewer surgical procedures, and better acceptance of the overall treatment plan. We present a case of Sj□gren's syndrome patient treated with immediate implant placement & immediate loading in anterior region and immediate implant placement in posterior region.

보리순의 영양성분 조성

서혜지,최용민,김상천,이준수,이기택,정명근,천지연,황진봉,남진식,서우덕,황영,김행란,김세나 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2015 農業科學硏究 Vol.31 No.2

실과 수행 평가 모형 개발

최지연 韓國實科敎育硏究學會 2000 實科敎育硏究 Vol.6 No.2

The purpose of this study was to develop the performance assessment model of practical arts education. The st'udy was carried out through review of literature on evaluation theory, performance theory, and practical arts education. The performance assessment model for Practical Arts were established three levels; planning level, instruction & assessment level, and practical application level. The Planning level included planning of instruction and assessment, examining of the curriculum, establishment for assessment aims, and diagnosis of individual's difference. The second level, instruction & assesment level enclosed instruction that is varied and is technical, development of instrument. The third, practical application level included marking, analysis for the results. Based on this conclusions , the further researches for applying of performance assessment model in practical arts education should be continually.

<李鳳彬傳>의 이본 특성과 변개적 성격 : <李大鳳傳>과의 관련을 중심으로

최지연 한국고소설학회 2003 古小說 硏究 Vol.16 No.-

<이봉빈전>은 작품의 전반부에서 <이대봉전>을 모방하였으나 중반 이후부터는 많은 변개를 통해 독자적인 성격을 구유하게 된 조선후기 여성영웅소설이다. 그의 이본은 필사본과 구활자본이 각각 후반부의 서사적 전개에 있어 다른 양상을 보여주고 있는데 기존 연구에서는 이에 대한 문제의식이 부족하였다. 이에 본고는 필사기와 작품의 내적 서사 구조에 의거하여 필사본의 모본이 구활자본보다 앞선다는 결론을 내린 후, 필사본 <이봉빈전>을 선본으로 삼았다. 필사본의 연구 결과, <이대봉전>을 상당 부분 따랐으면서도 후반부에서 많은 변개가 이루어져 결국 이봉빈이라는 여주인공 중심의 서사 구조로 변형됨으로써 작품의 성격이나 의미 또한 달라졌음을 밝혔다. 그 변개의 핵심은 이봉빈 중심의 서사 구조ㆍ결연 성취에 대한 의지ㆍ적강 구조 및 인과 논리의 강화라는 측면으로 정리될 수 있다. 이로써 <이봉빈전>은 <이대봉전>의 성격을 바탕으로 하면서도 그와는 달리, 인물 형상ㆍ지향가치ㆍ서사 구조적 측면에서 '여성 중심의 여성영웅소설'적 특성을 지닌 작품으로 자리매김 할 수 있었다. 아울러 작품의 변개적 동인을 여성이 중심으로 자리 이동하는 여성 영웅소설사의 방향성에서 찾았는데, 그의 영향을 받았으면서도 나름의 독자성을 지닌 작품이 <이봉빈전>이라 보았다. <Ibongbinjeon> has been under consideration since it shows a close narrative development comparing with <idaebongjeon>. Until now theses regarding <Ibongbinjeon> came to a conclusion that it is imitation of <idaebongjeon>. However <ibongbinjeon> should be awakened to its new significance in the meaning that the later part of <ibongbinjeon) has a clearly dissimilar descriptive development and in aim in comparison with <idaebongjeon>. It could be a problem that no study has made reference to its divergence even though there is a great difference between a copied edition and a printed one especially in the later part. Looking into a gap between the variant editions could be a very important premise to set up the closest edition to the original text as well as find out the characteristics of the novel. This thesis suggests that the copied <ibongbinjeon> should be the closest to the original text because it was written in advance based on the archives and an internal narrative structure. Particularly it is quite obvious that hwalzabon classical novel was written far more behind the copied book in a structural sense that hero's great activity was added in the end. Even though the copied book being similar to the <idaebongjeon>, the variation which transformed into a heroine-oriented narrative structure, especially in the later part, made the characteristics as well as the meaning of the novel different. The core of variation could be a heroine-oriented descriptive structure, an iron will of forming a relationship, a structure of a Taoist hermit born as a human, and reinforcement of the logic of causality. In conclusion, this thesis suggests that <Ibongbinjeon> strengthen its heroine-oriented character by variating the shapes of characters, the value of intention, and a narrative structure. The origin of variation comes from the tendency of the female hero novel that makes female as a real heroine.

임부의 연령에 따른 보완대체요법에 관한 인식 태도 경험 비교 연구

김연진,김지연,노경민,신혜리,유예지,이지민,장희조,정아인,최소정,강숙정,이향연,민혜영 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2016 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.50

Purpose: This study aims to test if the age of pregnant women affects the perception, experience, and attitude towards complementary alternative therapy (CAT), by investigating the perception, experience, and attitude of pregnant women under the age of 35, and above 35 (Advanced Maternal Age). The study will 1) find the general characteristics of pregnant women under and over the age of 35 2) compare the perception, behavior, and experience of pregnant women under and over the age of 35, and 3) find the comparison of the perception, behavior, and experience according to the general characteristics of pregnant women under and over the age of 35. Method: The subjects of this study are composed of 44 women under the age of 35 and 44 women above the age of 35, totaling 88 pregnant women visiting midwiferies, obstetrics and gynecology, and baby fairs in Seoul and Gyeong-Gi area. Data for this study was collected from November 28, 2015 to January 6, 2016 for 40 days. The collected data analyzed mean, standard deviation, t test, ANOVA, and chi-square by using SPSS 23.0. Result Results show that there is a significant difference in the perception, attitude, and experience of the two-sample groups in the use of CAT. The question of “what is most necessary when applying CAT in a hospital clinical environment” for the perception criteria came out with the results of t=9.980, p<.05. For the attitude, results showed that the answers of pregnant women under the age of 35 displayed a more positive attitude towards CAT. (t=2.421, p<.05) Lastly, in the experience section, pregnant women under the age of 35 showed more CAT use than the other sample group. Conclusion Results have shown that there is a difference in the perception, behavior, and experience between the two sample groups. Therefore further research on the efficacy and the adverse effects of CAT needs to be done.

중앙 정책 서버 기반의 VoIP 스팸 대응 시스템 설계

김지연,최주영,김명주 서울여자대학교 컴퓨터과학연구소 2007 정보기술논문지 Vol.5 No.-

VoIP(Voice over Internet Protocol)는 IP 기반으로 운영되는 네트워크를 기반으로 음성 대화를 서비스해준다. 이처럼 개방된 네트워크를 통해 제공되는 VoIP 서비스는 비용이 저렴하고 다양한 부가 서비스를 제공한다는 장점을 제공하지만 IP망이 내포하고 있는 기본적인 보안 문제로 인해 대량의 스팸 콜을 발생할 수 있는 문제점도 안고 있다. 본 논문은 VoIP 활성화의 가장 큰 위협 요소인 SPIT(Spam over Internet Telephony)에 대응하는 방법으로서 블랙리스트 및 화이트리스트, 스팸 간편 신고 기법을 기반으로 중앙정책서버를 활용하는 VoIP 스팸 대응 시스템에 대한 새로운 모델을 제시한다. 제시된 모델에서는 중앙정책 서버를 통하여 스팸 콜 판정용 데이터를 중앙 관리하며, 이를 다수의 프록시 서버에 배포하여 적용하도록 함으로써 각 단말기에 발생 가능한 VoIP 스팸 콜들을 필터링할 수 있게 해준다. VolP provides a promising voice communication service based on IP network. In spite of VolP's several merits such as low cost and abundant additional services, VoIP suffers from some serious problems such that mass spam calls can be generated due to IP network's potential security weakness. In this paper, we suggest a new model of VoIP spam defense system using black list, white list and simple spam report together with a central policy server. In this model, you can filter out VolP spam calls by the gathering-analyzing-distributing mechanism among the central policy server and proxy servers.