청국장에 관한 연구(Ⅰ) : 청국장 제조과정에 있어서 콩단백질의 변화에 대하여 On the changes of soy - bean protein in manufacturing Chung - Kook - Jang

이계호,이효지,정문교 한국농화학회 1971 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.14 No.3

As a series on the soy-bean protein and their related substances 9 samples were collected from 9 places such as straws (Rice) to obtain bacterial strains which produce protease. From these samples total of 23 strains were isolated by the use of dilution pour plate method. For all isolated strains primary screening of productivity of protease was performed and useful straines with regard to protease productivities were identified. Optimum conditions for enzyme action of protease from isolates D_9, F_(20) strains were pH 7.5 and 40℃. Chung-Kook-Jang is one of the characteristic foods in Korea made from soy-bean by fermentation. The chief bacterium is Bacillus subtilis and the chief change which takes place in soy-bean during fermentation is degradation of protein. Three kinds of Chung-Kook-Jang were prepared using three different strains of Bacillus natto, D_9 and F_(20) from isolated. Water soluble-N, TCA soluble-N, amino-N and peptide-N were measured about the steamed soybean, Chung-Kook-Jang prepared with three strains of bacteria. Water soluble-N decreased very largely in steamed soybean, but in Chung-Kook-Jang it increased to 85% of raw soy-bean.

DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH VALUE-ADDED TEXTILE PRODUCTS WITHIN THE GLOBALIZATION OF THE KOREAN WAVE

Mi Suk Lee,Kyung Hee Chung,Song Mi Lim,Qingqing Luo 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2015 Global Fashion Management Conference Vol.2015 No.06

Fresh attention is being paid to lifestyle brands offering differentiated contents and value such that the 21st century is now being called the age of global lifestyle. Recently national income has been increasing and a broad lifestyle culture has been established. Thus, brands with Scandinavian (Sweden, Denmark, or Norway), culture sensitivity, and design have deeply permeated the domestic market which has led to a domestic consumers' lifestyle trend (Chung& Park, 2004; Kwon, 2013; Magnus & Chrystin, 2003). In particular, such global lifestyle brands as Marimekko (Finland), CathKidston (UK), and Muji (Japan) have secured competitiveness in the global market as textile products which reflect its country's cultural identity (Lee& Park, 2014). Meanwhile, a new word, Hanban (韓版)which refers to Korean brands or products that were created from the Korean wave (韓流), which refers to Korean dramas or songs. Korean culture has been commercialized and grafted into various industries. In particular, a strong wind of Hanban in fashion cultural products not only has spread the Korean lifestyle to the world, but has enhanced its influence on related industries as well as fashion. Although certain major Korean companies launched lifestyle brands such as Jaju, Modern House, Butter, and Pum to help realize a Korean lifestyle brand business, most products sold in Korean lifestyle brands focus on overseas imported goods,so it is difficult to find Korean images on these products(Bang, 2004; Lee & Chung, 2013). The size of the lifestyle market is growing as a high value-added industry that can lead consumers' lifestyle trends, and there is a growing interest for Korean fashion cultural products. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to attempt to develop textile designs for Korean-made high value-added products with the improvement of Korean brand values. For study methodology, the status of lifestyle brands at home and abroad was examined and textile designs were developed for lifestyle brand B. For the development of the textile designs, demand required by brand B was researched and a textile design concept was established based on fashion and interior decoration trends. Then, a textile was designed using a motive that can effectively represent the identity of brand B and the Korean image. Adobe Photoshop 6.0 and Adobe Illustrator CC programs were used for the standardized textile design motif, pattern development, and colorway. The results were as follows. First, global lifestyle brands such as Marimekko, CathKidston, and Muji sell differentiated lifestyle products from other brands by applying motifs and colors which symbolize their country's and city's cultural image on textile products and displaying their own identity and peculiarity. On the other hand, Korean lifestyle brands such as Casamia, Hanssem, Kosney, and Art Box do not plan or produce their own design, but will import and sell foreign textile fabric or textile products with high recognition, or copy imported fabric. Thus, their textile design is unsatisfactory to express their own identity and satisfy consumers' needs. Second, as to the development direction required by brand B, a Korean lifestyle brand, the focus was to first, 'design American and European products using colors and techniques which reflect Korean image trends', Second, to create a 'design with Scandinavia's peculiar simplified line and sensitive color', and finally, to make a 'flower pattern design with good sustainable market feasibility'. Based on the direction and 2015 S/S color and textile trends, three concepts were established: Global Tribe, Bunny in the Wonderland, and Beyond Nature. Global Tribe is a folk paintin g(Minhwa) representing the Korean image well, and was reinterpreted in a modern sense. Bunny in the Wonderland is a modern Scandinavian style design using a rabbit, a symbol of brand B, as the main motif. Beyond Nature used a flower motif in various expression techniques and images. A textile design was developed by extracting from a folk painting, a rabbit, and a flower motif and standardizing a motif in watercolor, pen, and graphic techniques. It was digitalized by a scanner and a pattern was made via the steps of color adjustment and repetition. Three kinds of textile designs were developed according to three concepts and four kinds of colorways were made for each design. This study attempted to develop a textile design as Korean-made high value-added textile products. It is meaningful to suggest textile design with Korean cultural images and brand identity. Further study will focus on the development of fashion cultural products and DIY products to commercialize developed textile design.

교대로 운전되는 두 개의 UV/광촉매반응기로 구성된 폐가스 처리시스템에서의 광촉매의 비활성화 및 재생 특성

이은주 ( Eun Ju Lee ),정찬홍 ( Chan Hong Chung ),임광희 ( Kwang-hee Lim ) 한국화학공학회 2021 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.59 No.4

본 연구에서는 교대로 운전되는 두 개의 UV/광촉매 반응기로 구성된 폐가스 처리시스템의 운전단계와 단계별 광촉매의 비활성화의 상관관계를 사용된 광촉매에 대한 기기분석을 통하여 규명하였다. 선행연구[Lee와 Lim, Korean Chem. Eng. Research, 59(4), 574-583 (2021)]의 광촉매 반응기 시스템 운전에 사용되지 않은 광촉매를 담지한 다공성 SiO₂ 담체(A4), 1회 운전하는 동안 사용되고 재생을 경험하지 않은 광촉매를 담지한 다공성 SiO₂ 담체(A1), 2회 운전에 사용되고 1회 재생된 광촉매를 담지한 다공성 SiO₂ 담체(A2) 및 3회 운전에 사용되고 2회 재생된 광촉매를 담지한 다공성SiO₂ 담체(A3)와, 1차 재생(AD1) 또는 3차 재생(AD3)된 광촉매를 담지한 다공성 SiO₂ 담체에 대한 BET 분석, SEM, XPS, SEM-EDS 및 FTIR 분석 등을 수행하여, 광촉매를 담지한 다공성 SiO₂ 담체의 비활성화 및 재생 특성을 포함하는 특성 분석을 수행하였다. 그 결과로서, 3회 이상의 여러 번 재생을 수행하는 광촉매의 적정 재생 온도를 200℃ 미만으로 도출하였다. 이러한 광촉매의 적정 재생 온도는 BET 분석결과에서 도출된 기공에 흡착된 에탄올 산화분해 중간생성물의 대부분이 완전 분해가 되어 기공이 재생되는 재생 온도와 거의 일치하였다. 특히, XPS 분석 결과는, 선행 연구[Lee와 Lim, Korean Chem. Eng. Research, 59(4), 574-583 (2021)]에서 광촉매 반응기의 첫 번째 운전 후에 광촉매의 미세한 비활성화가 발생하였음을 나타내었다. 또한, XPS 분석 결과는, 선행연구[Lee와 Lim, Korean Chem. Eng. Research, 59(4), 574-583 (2021)]에서 광촉매 반응기의 두 번째 운전에서 비교적 큰 광촉매의 비활성화가 발생하여 첫번째 운전성능보다 약 5%만큼 못 미치는 에탄올과 황화수소 각각의 제거효율을 초래하였으나, 세 번째 운전에서의 에탄올과 황화수소의 제거효율은 두 번째 운전에서의 에탄올과 황화수소의 제거효율 실험 결과와 거의 비슷하였다는 연구 결과와 일치하였다. 한편, AD3를 사용하여 선행연구[Lee와 Lim, Korean Chem. Eng. Research, 59(4), 574-583 (2021)]에서와 같은 광촉매 반응기의 네 번째 운전을 수행할 것을 가정하면, 두 번째 운전에서보다 더 큰 광촉매의 비가역적 비활성화의 발생으로 인하여 에탄올과 황화수소 제거효율이 가장 크게 저하되리라 예상되었다. In this study, the correlation between operating stages of waste air-treating system composed of two alternatively-operating UV/photocatalytic reactors, and the deactivation of photocatalyst used in each operating stage, was investigated by instrumental analysis thereon. The repeated deactivation and subsequent re-generation of photocatalyst used in the waste air treating system of previous investigation performed by Lee and Lim (Korean Chem. Eng. Research, 59(4), 574-583(2021)), were characterized on virgin photocatalyst-carrying porous SiO₂ media (A4), used photocatalystcarrying porous SiO₂ media (A1, A2 and A3) collected from the corresponding photocatalytic reactor upon 1^st, 2^nd, and 3^rd run, respectively, regenerated photocatalyst-carrying porous SiO₂ media upon 1 time-run (AD1) and 3 times regenerated photocatalyst-carrying porous SiO₂ media upon 3 time-runs (AD3) by instrumental analysis including BET analysis, SEM, XPS, SEM-EDS and FT-IR. As a result, the proper regeneration-temperature for deactivated photocatalyst to be regenerated several times (more than 3 times), was suggested below 200℃. Such temperature of deactivated photocatalystregeneration was almost consistent to the one, according to BET analysis, at which tiny nano-pores blocked by adsorbed ethanol-oxidative and degraded intermediates (AEODI), were regenerated to be reopened through almost complete mineralization of AEODI. In particular, the results of XPS analysis indicated an incurrence of insignificant deactivation of photocatalysis upon 1^st run of UV/photocatalytic reactor (A or C) of the previous investigation. In addition, the results of XPS analysis were consistent with the experimental results of the previous investigation in that 1) deactivation of photocatalyst incurred during 2^nd run of the UV/photocatalytic reactor (A or C) resulted in decreased removal efficiency, by ca. 5% and 5%, of ethanol and hydrogen sulfide, respectively, compared with its 1^st run; 2) there was insignificant difference between the removal efficiencies of its 2^nd run and 3^rd run. Furthermore, the removal efficiencies of ethanol and hydrogen sulfide for hypothetical 4^th run of photocatalytic reactor in the previous investigation, using AD3, were expected to decrease, compared with its 3^rd run, by much more than those for 2^nd run in the previous investigation did, compared with its 1^st run.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1998)

김재홍,김준호,반재용,이정우,황성주,정준규,정성태,강진문,조흔정,홍창의,정혜신,이한승,김이선,이봉길,이종호,선영우,한기덕,윤성필,이성훈,안종성,박석범,문승현,조항래,김형섭,류지호,황재영,박준홍,손상욱 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.1

In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG), we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by menas of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. In 1998, 93 strians of N. genorrhoeae were isolated, among which 60(64.5%) were PPNG. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 64.5% in 1998.

Principles of value creation in event tourism: Enhancing the competitiveness of regional clusters Chung-Shing Lee a , Drew Martin b , Pi-Feng Hsieh

Chung-Shing Lee,Drew Martin,Pi-Feng Hsieh,Wan-Chen Yu 한국마케팅과학회 2020 마케팅과학연구 Vol.30 No.4

Using a strategic management perspective, this paper conceptualizes how event tourism creates and appropriates value for locations and regions supporting tourism. A conceptual framework of the six principles of tourism value creation integrates theoretical developments in value creation and retention, service innovation, and networks and regional clusters. This model applies to three levels of players: individual entities, tourism-supporting organizations, and the geographic or regional clusters that promote tourism. This framework demonstrates how event tourism creates value for individual tourists, tourism-related organizations, and regional economies, while also enhancing competitiveness for regions and individual nations. The model offers a new perspective for future research directions and practitioner guidance to create and sustain competitive advantage.

Effect of Directors’ Transactional/Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture on Kindergartens’ Cultural Competences

( Chung Hee Chung ),( Gye Wan Moon ),( Hyo Rim Lee ) 한국유아교육학회 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION Vol.21 No.1

This study examines the effects of directors` leadership and organizational culture on teachers` perceptions of kindergartens` cultural competences. The study`s participants included 162 early childhood teachers who responded to the Multiple Leadership Questionnaire and the Principals` Transformational Leadership Questionnaire, which were both developed by Bass and later revised by Hwang. Song`s Organizational Culture scale was used to measure cultural competence, and Chung and Lee`s Cultural Competence of Early Childhood Institution scale was used to assess the level of cultural competence among early childhood institutions specifically. The collected data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient, hierarchical multiple regression analysis, and stepwise regression analysis. The results revealed meaningful statistical correlations between directors` transactional/ transformational leadership, kindergartens` organizational cultures, and kindergartens` cultural competences. Furthermore, analysis of the influence of independent variables such as directors` transactional/transformational leadership and organizational culture on kindergartens` cultural competences produced an explanation power of 41.3%.

中原圈 寺刹風景에 관한 考察

鄭玧洙,秋甲喆,李成基 建國大學校 附設 自然科學硏究所 1992 建國自然科學硏究誌 Vol.3 No.-

Four temples were picked from the central northern area in Chung-Won Zone. And the considered result of the temple scape factors can be conclusion as follows: 1. Most of relics worthy of the buddhist culture and tradition were burnt away and lost out,. There were much difficulties in collection and comparision of bibliographical materials. So urgent is the task of recovering and restoring the relics into their original forms and conditions. 2. When Chung-Won Zone in taken in a view of the military strategic position throughout the ancient triple dynasties rather than a center of cultural creation in the context of historical research, we cannot say that Chung-Won Zone was affected uniquely by a particular one nation among the three dynasties. 3. Virgin forest is completly damaged in general throughout current forest aspect of the each temple and yet forests are reviving and on the way of transition to the original. 4. It is assumed that the plants from the primitive around the temple in common were hard wood forest of mixed forest. To quickly bring up the progress of stable forest growth and development for the purpose of ecological advantage, useful hard wood forest should be well tended in a positive approach as the hard wood forest is potentially surfacing out. 5. Country species which is afforested to be proper to form the temple scape should be planted at many small sized spots so barren lands around. It is recommendable that Quercus aliena BL. stands espceally at the Kakyoon Temple be taken care of concentrating it should be leaded to the balanced selection forest type. 6. Caution should be directed to prevent damage of Theodiplosis Japonensis U. et I. from pinus densiflora S. et Z. stands at Kooin Temple and Konglim Temple and also from pinus densiflora for. multicaulis U. at Kayoon Temple. 7. Forest outside the boundary of the temple should be established as a special protective zone and worning boards should be displayed to the public so that people recognize the forest scapes are the most precious resources and dense forest should be developed to be a model forest in Korea. 8. We should be able to find a place of sight pleasue, rest and recreation through further successful development of natural scape elements surrounding the temples. It is ideal that man can expect to enjoy our mental recuperation in the nature from of the forest.

Factivity Alternation of the Verb ‘Know’ in Korean, Turkish and Hungarian

Chungmin Lee,Daeho Chung 현대문법학회 2018 현대문법연구 Vol.100 No.-

Chungmin Lee and Daeho Chung. 2018. Factivity Alternation of the Verb ‘Know’ in Korean, Turkish and Hungarian. Studies in Modern Grammar 100, 1-40. The cognitive attitude verb KNOW in most languages typically selects for a factive complement (Kiparsky and Kiparsky 1970). It is noted in the literature (Lee 1978, 1999; Kiefer 1978, Őzyildiz 2017, a.o.), however, that KNOW in some languages may take various forms of complements and that factivity varies depending on the complement types. An obvious generalization made is that nominalized complements tend to convey a factive reading, while non-nominal ones tend not to (Kastner 2015). This work makes it clear that for a clause selected by KNOW to have a factive reading, it not only bears a nominal feature but also carries a structural case. This paper additionally points out the following three issues and discusses their theoretical implications as to the syntax and semantics of attitudinal predicate constructions: (i)Cognitive attitude verbs may simultaneously take a nominalized clause and a predicational clause; (ii) The non-factive KNOW in the three languages commonly displays neg-raising and naturally anti-rogativity, siding with doxastic (belief) verbs; (iii) Lexically negated forms of these verbs select only for a nominalized (factive) clause.

세계화와 상호공존의 시민정신: 하퍼 리의 『앵무새 죽이기』

이정희 ( Chung Hee Lee ) 한국현대영미소설학회 2004 현대영미소설 Vol.11 No.1

톨루엔 노출 근로자에서 유전자적 요인, 생활습관 및 식이가 요중 마뇨산 배설에 미치는 영향

임현우,박정일,노영만,이강숙,이정민,이원철,이세훈,정치경 大韓産業醫學會 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.3

목 적 : 본 연구는 생물학적 지표 특성 연구를 위한 단면조사 연구로서 톨루엔 노출과 톨루엔의 생물학적 모니터링으로 이용되는 요중 마뇨산 농도간의 양-반응 관계에서 효과 변경인자로서 작용하는 유전자 ALDH2, CYPIAI, CYP2El의 다양성 분포를 조사하고, 이들 유전자가 요중 마뇨산 배설 농도에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 연구대상자는 경인지역에 위치한 22개의 사업체에서 페인트 제조 72명, 제조업에서 도장작업 50명, 인쇄업 12명, 접착작업 12명, 벽지의 코팅작업 14명등 160명의 근로자이었다. 성, 연령, 유기용제 작업장 근무경력, 흡연습관, 음주습관, 검사일 이전 밤에 음주 여부, 시료 채취전 6시간 이내에 섭취한 식품조사, 측정일 개인보호구의 착용 여부에 대하여 설문조사를 시행하였다. 톨루엔에 대한 개인노출량은 passive air sampler로 측정하였고, 요중 마뇨산은 요중 크레아틴으로 보정하여 측정하였다. 또한 aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) , cytochrome P45O IAI(CYPIAI), 그리고 cytochrome P45O 2El(CYPfEl)의 유전적 다양성은 혈액으로부터 백혈구의 DNA를 추출하여 제한 효소 절단 길이 다양성 (restiction fragment length polymorphism, RFLP)법으로 검사하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 결 과 : 연구대상자의 요중 마뇨산 농도의 기하평균은 0.44g/g creatinine, 기하표준편차 2.80이었다. 톨루엔 노출 농도, 개인 보호구 착용여부, 안식향산이 함유된 식품의 섭취여부중 요중 마뇨산 배설농도에 영향을 미치는 인자는 톨루엔 노출 농도뿐이었다. ALDH2, CYPIAI, CYPfEl, 연령, 흡연, 근무기간에서 회귀계수간에 차이를 보이는 경향이 있었다. 요중 마뇨산 농도에 대한 다중회귀분석에서 톨루엔, ALDH2, CYPIAI, CYP2El유전자형의 회귀계수가 통계적으로 유의하였다. 결 론 : 톨루엔 노출로 인한 요중 마뇨산 배설 농도는 ALDH2, CYPIAI, CYP2El유전자 다양성에 의해 영향을 받기 때문에, 유전자형의 대사능의 차이를 고려하여 마뇨산 기준 농도를 찾는 연구가 이루어져야 하겠다. Objectives The purpose was to investigate the distributions and the effects of genetic polymorphism of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2(ALDH2), cytochrome P45O IAI (CYPIAI), and cytochrome P45O 2El (CYPfEl) on the toluene metabolism. Methods : The subacts consisted of 160 workers who were exposed to toluene in different industries such as paint manufacturing, painting on steel and wood products, printing, bonding, and coating. The exposed toluene level was monitored by passive air sam paler, and the questionnaire variables were age, sex, smoking, drinking, previous night's drinking, use of personal protectlve equipment, work duration, and taking benzoic acid containing food. The urinary hippurric acid collected in the end of shift was corrected by urinary creatinine concentration. The genotypes of ALDH2, CYPIAI, and CYP2El were investigated using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods with DNA extracted from venous blood. Results'The geometric mean and the geometric standard deviation of urinary hippuric acid concentration were 0.44 g/g creatinine and 2.80. The urinary hippuric acid concentration was significantly related to personal exposed toluene level among personal exposed toluene level, use of personal protective equipment, and benzoic acid containing food diet. The slope differences of the regression for ALDH2, CYPIAI, and CYP2E1 genetic polymorphism, age, smoking, and work duration tended to be significant. In multiple regression analysis, the regression coefficient of toluene, ALDH2, 7YPIAl, CYP2E1 genetic polymorphism were significant. Conclusions : From the above results, urinary hippuric acid level after toluene exposure was significantly affected by the genetic polymorphism of ALDH2, CYPIAI, CYPfEl. It is needed further investigation of the urinary hippuric acid level considering the effect of genetic polymorphism.