하이드록시프로필화 찹쌀 전분의 이화학적 성질 및 유과제조 특성

유철,최현욱,김종태,김동섭,최성원,박영준,백무열 경희대학교식량자원개발연구소 2007 硏究論文集 Vol.26 No.1

가족성 정신분열병 환자에서 임상 특성의 가족내 연관성

최경숙,이유상,장용이,조은영,전현옥,김창현,김상욱,홍경수 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.5

Objectives : This study aims at examining familial associations of symptoms and clinical characteristics in affected sibling or relative pairs of schizophrenia as an effort to identify genetically homogeneous phenotypes. Methods : Forty-seven relative pairs with DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia from thirty-five Korean families multiply affected with schizophrenia were ascertained. Direct interviews were done using the Korean version of Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies (DIGS). The Krawieka Rating Scale and the Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome were also applied for further evaluation of psychopathologies. Intra-familial concordances and correlations of clinical characteristics and symptoms were tested using χ² -test and Spearman's correlation. Results : Significantly high concordance rate within relative pairs was found for the diagnosis of paranoid vs. non-paranoidsubtype (χ²=7.623, P=0.006, df=1). Deficit vs. non-deficit syndrome also showed significant concordance (χ² =3.850, p=0.0497, df=1). Among single symptom items in DIGS, only 'auditory hallucination' showed significant concordance rate ( χ² =5.503, P=0.019, df=1). Factor analysis for symptoms items in the Rrawiecka Rating Scale indicated three symptom dimensions ; negative, psychotic and affective, Psychotic (P =0.442, P=0.003) and affective dimension scores (p =0.427, P=0.004) showed significant intra-familial correlations. Age at onset of recognized psychotic symptoms showed significant correlation only within the male sibling pairs. Conclusion : Familial factors, Possibly genetic factor contribute to the phenotypic characteristics of paranoid vs. non-para-noid subtype, deficit vs. non-deficit syndrome, auditory hallucination, and affective syndrome, It supports their use in the delineation of homogeneous subgroups for future genetic studies.

ZnS_(1-x)Te_x 단결정 박막의 격자진동

최용대,남성운,유영문 목원대학교 자연과학연구소 2000 自然科學 硏究論文集 Vol.9 No.1

Hot-wall epitaxy에 의하여 GaAs (100) 기판 위에 성장된 ZnS_1-xTe_x(0<x<1) 단결정 박막의 특성이 Raman 산란을 이용하여 조사되었다. Raman 산란으로부터 측정된 장파장의 ZnTe-like의 longitudinal 광학 포논의 주파수는 성분비 x와 함께 선형으로 변하였다. ZnS_1-xTe_x 단결정 박막의 x의 함수로서 zone-center 광학 포논의 주파수는 two-mode이었고, 이 결과는 MERI 모델의 이론치와 잘 일치하였다. ZnS_1-xTe_x(0<x<1) alloys grown on (100) GaAs substrates by hot-wall epitaxy are investigated using Raman scattering. The frequencies of long wavelength ZnTe-like and ZnTe-like longitudinal optical phonons determined from Raman scattering show linear variation with the composition x. The frequency of the zone-center optical phonons as a function of x of the ZnS_1-xTe_x mixed crystal shows a typical two-mode behavior. which is in good agreement with the theoretical results from a modified random-element isodisplacement model.

Ciprofloxacin 제제의 생물학적 동등성에 관한 연구

최철희,신재국,신완균,유호진,이경훈,정원석,장인진,신상구 대한화학요법학회 1991 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.9 No.1

국내 시판중인 ciprofloxacin 제제인 Citopcin®(250㎎ tablet)의 동등성을 검토하기 위해 제조원인 Bayer사의 Citopcin®(250㎎ tablet)를 기준제제로 하여 18명의 건강한 남성 피험자를 대상으로 500㎎ 1회 교차 경구 투여후 약동학적 성상을 분석비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 시험제제의 생체 이용율의 지표인 AUC, C_(mao), T_(max) 및 MRT들의 평균치는 백분율차이에 있어 모든 기준제제 지표의 ± 20% 이내였으며, 이들 생체 이용율 지표들은 분산분석 검정에서 차이를 인지할 수 없었다.생체 이용율 지표들의 기준제제에 대한 백분율 90% 대칭 신뢰구간 검토시 모든 경수들에서 ± 20% 이내의 조건을 만족하였으며 AUC의 경우에는 대칭형 신뢰구간으로 변환시 95% 신뢰구간에서도 동등성의 조건을 만족하였다, 이상의 시험결과로 시험제제인 Citopcin®은 기준제제인 Ciprobay®와 생물학적 동등한 제제로 판단되었다. The pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin was studied for the evaluation of the bioequivalence of the generic ciproflocacin products. Two single doses of 500㎎ each of ciprofloxacin(Ciprobay® 250㎎ tablet as a reference compound and Citopcin® 250㎎ tablet s a test compound) were administered orally to ighteen male volunteers in a balanced, randomized crossover design. Pek plasma levels of ciprofloxacin were observed about 1 hour after the doses and the peak concentrations of both products were similar(Ciprobay®, 3.18㎍/㎖; Citopcin®, 2.89㎍/㎖). The values of other pharmacokinetic parameter of ciprofloxacin computed for Ciprobay® are presented in that order: AUC=13.53:12.47㎍·h/㎖, T_(max)=1.28:1.14 hours; MRT=5.30:5.08 hours; t_(1/2)β=3.65:3.47 hours. No satistically significant, differences were detected when AUC and the other parameters were compared with the method of ANOVA. Using the criteria of 90% confidence interval for the assessment of bioequivalence al the parameters were acceptable. The products were found to be equivalent on the premise that no significant difference was detected when the relevant pharmacokinetic parameters were compared, and the confidence limit analysis showed acceptable results.

사후분해 시체에 대한 법의학적 접근

최영식,이상용,김유훈,조갑래,이봉우,양경무,정낙은,서중석,이한영,이원태,강현욱 大韓法醫學會 2000 대한법의학회지 Vol.24 No.2

Disposal of a homicide victim by dismemberment is rare, but individual cases are on record in most major medicolegal departments. Recognition of postmortem mutilation may be of importance in the interpretation of certain murders committed by sexual perverts and other mentally deranged individuals and sometimes performed for the sole reason of easier disposal of the body. Postmortem dismemberment is usually readily recognizable as such; The edges of the injuries are dry and lack evidence of bleeding. The joints may be disarticulated without fracture, or the use of an axe or saw may be evident from examination of bones. Parallel horizontal or oblique furrows in the bone surface are caused by skipping of the saw prior to establishing depth. Such patterns on the bone may assist in identifying the particular saw involved. So we report 25 dismembered corpses that autopsied in National Institute of Scientific Investigation. This paper can help in attempting to establish not only the first criminal investigation steps but also the medicolegal approach methods in unidentified and dismembered deaths.

일부 인쇄회로기판 납땜근로자들의 눈, 호흡기, 피부의 증상에 대한 조사연구

유재영,우극현,김진석,함정오,최태성,하봉구,정상재,박신구,김일룡 大韓産業醫學會 2001 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.13 No.4

목적 : 이 연구는 납점작업자를 대상으로 납점작업으로 유발될 가능성이 높은 눈, 호흡기, 피부 등의 증상호소율 및 노출강도에 따른 관련성을 파악하기위해 수행되었다. 방법 : 연구참가자 146명중 연구목적에 적합한 20명을 제외한 126명을 대상으로 '눈이 가렵고 충혈됨', '코가 가렵거나 파가움', '재채기', '콧물'. '코막힘' , '목이 따끔거림' , '목에 무언가가 걸려있는것 같음' , '갑자기 연속적인 기침을 함' , '운동 시에 다른 사람에 비해 숨이 가쁨', '숨을 쉴 때 쌕쌕하는 소리가 남', '가래가 끓음', '손이나 안면에 가려움을 느낌' , '안면에 여드름이 날' '손이나 안면에 붉은 반점이 남' 등 14가지 증상에 대한 경험유무와 혈중연농도, 납점작업의 건강위험요인에 대한 지식상태 등을 조사하였다. 결과 : 조사된 14가지의 증상 중, '갑자기 연속적인 기침을 함'이 하루 납점시간 4시간 이상인 군아서 4시간 미만인 군보다 유의하게 증상호소율이 높았으며, 다른 증상의 경우 하루 납땜시간에 따라 유의한 결과를 보이지 않았다. 납땜작업의 건강위험요인에 대한 질문에 12.8 %가 플럭스에 의한 건강위험을 지적하였다. 전체 대상자의 평균 혈중연농도는6.05 rg/dL였으며, 히고치는 15.50 rg/dL이었다.결론 : 납땜작업자에게 호흡기 증상의 위험이 높을 가능성이 있으며, 납땜작업의 건강위험에 대한추가적인 연구와 납점작업자들을 대상으로 납점작업에 의해 유발될 수 있는 건강장해에 대한 적극적인교육 및 홍보활동을 필요로 한다. Objectives : This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of ocular, respiratory and skin symptoms among solderers and to investigate the relationship between symptom prevalence and exposure intensity. Methods : We analyzed 126 eligible participants out of a population of 146 male solder-ers who completed the symptom questionnaires. Fourteen symptoms including 'itchy and red eyes', 'itchy or prickly nose', 'sneezing', 'rhinorrhea', 'blocked nose', 'prickly throat', 'foreign body sensation in throat', 'sudden bouts of coughing', 'exertional breathlessness', 'wheezing', 'sputum production', 'itchy face or hands', 'acneiform erup-tions on the face' and 'red spots on the face or hands' were contained. Blood lead levels of all the 126 participants were tested and the participants' own assessments of the health risk of soldering were collected. Results : Of the 14 investigated symptoms, 'sudden bouts of coughing' was significantly more prevalent in solderers who worked 4 hours or more a day than those who worked less than 4 hours a day, as for the other symptoms, there were no significant differences in the prevalences related to daily soldering hours. 2.8% of the solderers considered the risk of flux exposure to be serious. The mean blood lead bevel was 6.05 μg/dL (maximum 15.50 μg/dL). Conclusions : Soldering may increase the risk of respiratory symptoms. Further invert tigations on the hazards of soldering processes are warranted and solderers should be educarted on these hazards.

기제와 피부투과촉진제가 아포모르핀의 피부투과에 미치는 영향

최영근,최옥,김건남,박은석,지상철 한국약제학회 2003 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.33 No.2

In order to evaluate the effects of vehicles and penetration enhancers on skin permeation of apomorphine, the skin permeation rates of apomorphine from vehicles of different composition were determined using Franz diffusion cells fitted with excised rat skins. Solubility of apomorphine in various solvents was investigated to select a vehicle suitable for the percutaneous absorption of apomorphine. The solvents used were propylene glycol (PG), Transcutol^??, Labrasol^??, Labrafac hydro WL^??, Labrafil WL 2609 BS^?? and isopropyl alcohol. Even though permeation rates of apomorphine from each vehicle were low (0.08-0.36㎍/㎠/hr), the combination of PG and Labrafac^?? increased it significantly. The permeation rates of apomophine from PG/Labrafac^?? mixtures increased as the volume fraction of PG in the mixture increased. The maximum permeation rate of 18㎍/㎠/hr was achieved at 30% of PG, which decreased with further increase of PG fraction. A series of fatty acids, alcohols and monoterpenes were employed as penetration enhancers. Incorporation of each enhancer in the PG/Labrafac^?? (30:70) mixture at the level of 10% improved the skin permeation significantly. The highest permeation rate, 117㎍/㎠/hr, was attained with myristic acid.

이미드 화합물의 함량이 에폭시수주의 물성에 미치는 영향

최호섭,유공식,최상구 群山大學校 自然科學硏究所 1991 自然科學硏究 Vol.6 No.-

이미드반응물[Ⅰ] (DIDCA, diimido dicarboxylic acid), DIDCA와 에폭시를 50/50으로 반응시킨 이미드반응물[Ⅱ], DIDCA와 에폭시를 30/70으로 반응시킨 이미드반응물[Ⅲ]을 합성하였다. 반응물을 전체 액상성분중 0∼50%(중량%) 범위에서 각각 에폭시수지와 혼합하였다. 혼합물에 대하여 경화성질, 열적성질, 기계적성질, 파단면 등을 조사하였다. 이미드반응물을 포함하는 에폭시수지의 경화시간응 포함하고 있지 않은 것보다 빠르게 나타났다. 굴곡강도와 Tg는 이미드반응물 함량 20∼30%(중량)에서 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다. 이미드반응물[Ⅱ]는 섞임성, 기계적성질, 열적성질 등에서 다른 것보다 더 우수하였다. Imide compound [Ⅰ](DIDCA, diimido dicarboxylic acid), imide compound [Ⅱ](reactant of DIDCA/epoxy=50/50) and imide compound[Ⅲ](reactant DIDCA/epoxy=30/70) were each synthesized into chemical reaction. These were seperatly mixed with epoxy resin at a ratio 0∼50%(wt. %) of liquid component. Cure, thermal, mechanical and fractural properties were tested for mixtures. Cure-time of epoxy resin containing imide compound was more fast than uncontaining. Flexural strength and Tg represented vest at imide compound content 20∼30%. Imide compound[Ⅱ]was more excellent than others in miscible, mechanical and thermal properties.

내재적 조세에 관한 연구

崔圭相,韓永熙,鄭柔錫 군산대학교 산업개발연구소 1997 産業開發硏究 Vol.16 No.-

This paper provides thoretical research and previous empirical evidence on the Implicit Tax. Results of previous empirical studies are consistent with the predictions of the Implicit. Tax hypothesis and are stastically significant inverse relation between tax subsidy(PTTSE) and pre-tax returen(PTROE). But the empirical relation is weaker than predicted for a perfectly competitive and frictionless market, which is due to presence of market frictions or systematic measurement error. We can know that previous studies on the tax burden of corporate that measured the varioation fo Explict Tax only have not means. As a result, tax burden of corporate is sum of Explict Tax and Implicit Tax, When both Explict Tax and Implict Tax are considered, horizontal inequity of tax burden disappear. So we can appreciate efficiency of tax strategy. Existence of Implict Tax resulted from the tax subsidy means efficient in the application of tax strategy.

유지놀 처리된 상아질 표면의 상아질 접착제의 전단결합강도에 관한 연구

유화성,최경규,최기운,박상진 대한치과보존학회 2000 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.25 No.4

In this study, shear bond strength of two bonding systems were measured and appearance of dentin surfaces were observed with SEM according to the storage time of eugenol on dentin surface, thus evaluated the effect of eugenol on bond strength of two dentin bonding systems. Control groups were directly bonded to dentin surface with One Step, Prime & Bond 2.1. Experimental groups were divided into experimental I and II according to dentin bonding agents. After eugenol application, dentin surfaces were bonded with One Step and Prime & Bond 2.1 according to the each storage time of immediately, 3min, 24hour, 48hour and 1week, and then control and experimental groups were filled with light cured composite resin(Z-100). After 24 hours water storage at 37℃, all samples were subjected to a shear load to fracture at a cross head 1.0mm/min with Instron universal testing machine(No. 4467) . Etched dentin surface storaged for each time of immediately, 3min, 24hour, 48hour and 1week after eugenol application were observed under Scanning Electron Microscope(Hitachi S-2300) at 20kvp. The data were evaluated statistically with two-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD. The results were as follows; 1.Shear bond strengths were higher in control groups than in the experimental groups. 2.As storage time was increased after eugenol application, the shear bond strengths were decreased in experimental groups 3.In experimental I, II the shear bond strengths were the lowest in which storage time was 1week after eugenol application. 4.As storage time was increased after eugenol application, etched dentin surfaces showed obstructed dentinal tubule.