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박은석,지상철,배준호,이윤석,김계현 한국약제학회 1999 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.29 No.1
A self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) was developed to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of poorly water soluble drug, biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate, DDB. The system was optimized by evaluating the solubility of DDB and the microemulsion existence range after the preparation of microemulsions with varying compositions of triacetin and surfactant-cosurfactant mixtures (Labrasol as surfactant (S) and the combination of Transcutol, Cremophor RH 40 and Plurol oleique as cosurfactant (CoS)). SMEDDS in this study markedly improved the solubility of DDB in water up to 10 ㎎/㎖ and the size of the o/w microemulsion droplets measured by dynamic light scattering showed a narrow monodisperse size distribution with an average diameter less than 50 nm. The microemulsion existing range is increased proportional to the ratio of S/CoS, however, it decreased remarkably as the oil content was more than 20%. In vitro dissolution study of SMEDDS showed a significantly increased dissolution rate of DDB in water (>12 fold over DDB powder), and SMEDDS also had significantly greater permeability of DDB in Caco-2 cell compared to powders.
태권도장 태권도수련생 학부모의 COVID19 위험지각이 비대면수업 서비스사용성에 미치는 영향
박은석,김정모 대한체육학회 2022 대한스포츠융합학회지 (jcses) Vol.20 No.2
The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of the COVID-19 risk perception, recognized by those parents of Taekwondo practitioners, at a Taekwondo Gym, regarding the usability of untact classes. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, empirical data were collected from 320 people through a survey method, and data from 304 people was used for statistical analysis at first. For statistical analysis, SPSS 28.0 for Windows statistical package program was used, and for hypothesis testing, multiple regression analysis was used for statistical verification. First, the risk perception of COVID-19 was negative (-) on the ‘economic (β=-.357)’ on the ‘social (β=-.262)’ and ‘physical (β=-.125)’ factors in ‘learning’, a sub-factor of ‘service usability’ (p<.01, p<.001). Second, the risk perception of COVID-19 showed a negative (-) effect on the ‘physical (β=-.391)’ on the ‘economic (β=-.431)’ and ‘social (β=-.123)’ factors in ‘convenience of use’, a sub-factor of ‘service usability’(p<.05, p<.001). Third, the perception of COVID-19 risk showed a negative (-) effect on the ‘physical (β=-.226)’ on the ‘social (β=-.294)’ on the ‘environmental (β=-.286)’, and ‘economic (β=-.236)’ in ‘usefulness’, a sub-factor of ‘service usability’(p<.001). In conclusion, we obtained the research result that the perception of COVID-19 risk, perceived by the parents of Taekwondo practitioners, at the Taekwondo Gym, partially affects the usability of untact classes.
박은석,지상철,이유철 한국약제학회 1995 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.25 No.3
In order to formulate an aqueous topical preparation of epidermal growth factor(EGF) for the treatment of open wound and burn, the stability of EGF in aqueous vehicles containing various stabilizers was evaluated and the pharmacological activity of gel preparations formulated with poloxamer 407 was determined with wound model. Various additives, which are known as potent stabilizers far proteins and polypeptides so far, were used to increase the stability of EGF in aqueous vehicles. The contents of EGF in the vehicles containing stabilizers were determined with an HPLC method after the storage at 37℃. EGF was more stable in ultrapure water than RO water or saline. All the additives studied resulted in deleterious effects on EGF stability. Therefore, it was speculated that any additives or impurities in the vehicle made EGF unstable. However, nitrogen purge of solution increased the stability of EGF in aqueous vehicles. The aqueous topical preparations of EGF were formulated with poloxamer 407 as a gel base in saline. Gelatin or amastatin was employed as a protease inhibitor. The pharmacological effect of EGF gel was studied with open wound model in mice. EGF preparations, made of oleaginous base or poloxamer gel base, showed significant healing effect compared to the control group(p<0.05). The addition of protease inhibitor in poloxamer 407 gel resulted in significant healing effect compared to the gel without it(p<0.05). Body weights of mice treated with EGF preparation were increased at the first day after the formation of open wound, while those of the control group were decreased. The EGF gel made of poloxamer 407 containing a protease inhibitor would be a promising aqueous topical preparation for EGF.
현대 표준 중국어의 술보형 사동 연속체 ― 허사격리술보형 사동, 목적어격리술보형 사동, 비분리술보형 사동 연구
박은석 중국어문학회 2017 中國語文學誌 Vol.0 No.59
This study is about Mandarin Chinese resultative causative continuum, expletive separating resultative causatives, object separating resultative causatives, non-separable resultative causatives. These three resultative causatives are the continuum between analytic causatives and morphological causatives. This study investigates and compares the formal features and semantic features of these three resultative causatives. The features are causer type features, causer hierachy of animacy features, causer`s volition features, causee type features, causee`s control of result event features, causative predicate type features, implicativity features, and sentence type features.
박은석,지상철,감성훈 한국약제학회 1995 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.25 No.2
In order to reduce the systemic side effects and the gastrointestinal irritation of indomethacin following its oral administration, the drug was formulated as a transdermal gel using poloxamer 407. In vitro diffusion cells fitted with excised rat skins were used to evaluate the effects of formulation variables on skin permeation of indomethacin from poloxamer gels. The formulation variables were the concentrations of indomethacin, poloxamer 407 and ethanol, and the gel pH. The increase of the drug amount in the gel from 0.5% to 2.0% induced a direct but nonlinear increase in the skin permeation rate of indomethacin. The increase of poloxamer concentration from 17.5% to 25% in the gel resulted in a decrease of skin permeation rate of indomethacin, which was due to a reduction in the amount of free drug molecules available for permeation through skin by entrapping more drug molecules within the micelles formed by poloxamer. The increase of ethanol concentration from 10% to 20% in the gel resulted in a linear increase of permeation rate of indomethacin through skin, possibly due to the penetration enhancing effect of ethanol. The skin permeation of indomethacin was substantially influenced by the gel pH, exhibiting a maximum at pH 4.