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A Study on the Band Structure of ZnO/CdS Heterojunction for CIGS Solar-Cell Application
심하나,이정민,조성재,조의식,권상직 대한전자공학회 2015 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.15 No.2
In this paper, ZnO films were prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and CdS films were deposited using chemical bath deposition (CBD) to form ZnO/CdS heterojunction. More accurate mapping of band arrangement of the ZnO/CdS heterojunction has been performed by analyzing its electrical and optical characteristics in depth by various methods including transmittance, x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS). The optical bandgap energies (Eg) of ZnO and CdS were 3.27 eV and 2.34 eV, respectively. UPS was capable of extracting the ionization potential energies (IPEs) of the materials, which turned out to be 8.69 eV and 7.30 eV, respectively. The electron affinity (EA) values of ZnO and CdS calculated from IPE and Eg were 5.42 eV and 4.96 eV, respectively. Energy-band structures of the heterojunction could be accurately drawn from these parameters taking the conduction band offset (CBO) into account, which will substantially help acquisition of the full band structures of the thin films in the CIGS solar-cell device and contribute to the optimal device designs.
심국진,심하나,김유경,안기영,이진구,송봉근,박형진,Sim, Kuk-Jin,Shim, Ha-Na,Kim, Yu-Kyung,An, Ki-Young,Lee, Jin-Goo,Song, Bong-Keun,Park, Hyoung-Jin 대한한방내과학회 2004 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.25 No.4
A 36 year-old female patient with acute hepatitis B was treated with modified Chunggangunbi-tang. The patient complained of right arm and numbness, chest pain and discomfort, pain in the right chest, fever, athalpia, indigestion, fatigue, pruritus, jaundice and other minor problems. Two weeks later, symptoms has gone from severe to mild and transaminase level was lower. The medicine was prescribed for four more weeks and symptoms disappeared. The transaminase level fell to within normal range with no side effect. The Chunggangunbi-tang showed desirable effect on indigestion and more rapid recovery of liver function than previous reports on treatment for hepatitis. Finally results from clinicopathological examinations(about AST, ALT, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, etc.) were promising. o we hope that this clinical study is helpful in treating patients with hepatic disease. Result suggests that oriental medical therapy is useful in treating acute hepatitis type B. More study and development of approach and application of this treatment for acute hepatitis type B are necessary.
김중길,심하나,이승희,김동웅,유관석,송봉근 대한한의학회 2006 대한한의학회지 Vol.27 No.4
Ssanghwatang (SHT) has been known to prove effective in the treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED), and its modified formula is widely used in clinical practice. However, its fundamental mechanism of action is not clearly known. It is well known that endothelial cells can achieve the relaxation of vascular smooth muscles by the release of nitric oxide (NO). NO is synthesized by the enzyme NO synthase (NOS) from L-arginine and oxygen. It is widely accepted that NO plays an important role in the relaxation of corpus cavernous smooth muscle and vasculature. In addition, in terms of the penile erection, the NO/cGMP pathway is more potent than the PGE1 /cAMP pathway. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of the erectile effects of SHT by focusing on its direct effects on corpus cavernous smooth muscle cells. We investigated the NOS activity, nitrite concentration and cGMP levels in rat corpus cavernous smooth muscle cell lines activated by SHT extracts. Furthermore, we evaluated the effect of SHT extracts on penile smooth muscle relaxation following oral administration of SHT extract powder to rats by the dosage of 1 g/kg over fifteen days. As a result, we found that SHT stimulated NO release. NOS activity and cGMP levels were increased by SHT respectively. Furthermore, SHT relaxed the corpus cavernous smooth muscle. These results are consistent with the concept that penile erection by SHT is carried out through the NO/cGMP pathway. In conclusion, the present study shows that SHT increases the NOS activity, synthesizes NO and augments the cGMP, which mediates penile erection. Further determination of the SHT mechanism related with the NO/cGMP pathway strongly indicates that SHT can be used as a remedy for erectile impotence. Ssanghwatang (SHT) has been known to prove effective in the treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED), and its modified formula is widely used in clinical practice. However, its fundamental mechanism of action is not clearly known. It is well known that endothelial cells can achieve the relaxation of vascular smooth muscles by the release of nitric oxide (NO). NO is synthesized by the enzyme NO synthase (NOS) from L-arginine and oxygen. It is widely accepted that NO plays an important role in the relaxation of corpus cavernous smooth muscle and vasculature. In addition, in terms of the penile erection, the NO/cGMP pathway is more potent than the PGE1 /cAMP pathway. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of the erectile effects of SHT by focusing on its direct effects on corpus cavernous smooth muscle cells. We investigated the NOS activity, nitrite concentration and cGMP levels in rat corpus cavernous smooth muscle cell lines activated by SHT extracts. Furthermore, we evaluated the effect of SHT extracts on penile smooth muscle relaxation following oral administration of SHT extract powder to rats by the dosage of 1 g/kg over fifteen days. As a result, we found that SHT stimulated NO release. NOS activity and cGMP levels were increased by SHT respectively. Furthermore, SHT relaxed the corpus cavernous smooth muscle. These results are consistent with the concept that penile erection by SHT is carried out through the NO/cGMP pathway. In conclusion, the present study shows that SHT increases the NOS activity, synthesizes NO and augments the cGMP, which mediates penile erection. Further determination of the SHT mechanism related with the NO/cGMP pathway strongly indicates that SHT can be used as a remedy for erectile impotence.
박형진,심하나,강세영,김홍준,송봉근,심국진,Park, Hyoung-Jin,Shim, Ha-Na,Kang, Sei-Young,Kim, Hong-Joon,Song, Bong-Keun,Sim, Kuk-Jin 대한한방내과학회 2004 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.25 No.4
Objectives: The prostatitis is characterized as relatively uncurable chronic recurrent illness. Because it is so difficult to treat, this study was designed to evaluate the clinical effects of herb medicine, acupuncture, and herbal acupuncture therapy on chronic prostatitis. Methods: A clinical observation was made on thirty patients with chronic prostatitis. They were treated with herb medicine, acupuncture, and herbal acupuncture therapy. Before and after treatment we measured NIH-CPSI(National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index). Results: After treatment NIH-CPSI was decreased considerably. Conclusions: This suggests a role for oriental medical therapy in treating prostatic diseases. Further study into approach and application of these treatments for prostatitis is needed.
복령보심탕가미방(茯笭補心湯加味方)으로 호전된 수족과 액와 다한증 환자에 대한 증례 보고
이재원,박형진,심하나,최창민,원진희,김유경,Lee, Jae-Won,Park, Hyoung-Jin,Shim, Ha-Na,Choi, Chang-Min,Won, Jin-Hee,Kim, Yu-Kyung 대한한방내과학회 2005 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.26 No.4
Excessive sweating, especially hyperhidrosis of palms, solies and axillae, is a distressing problem in the making of a person's social life. Most important in cases of localized hyperhidrosis is the emotional factor. Thoracoscopic sympathectomy is an effective method, but this may result in a postoperatively compensatory hyperhidrosis of facial anhidrosis in the treatment of localized hyperhidrosis. One case of excessive sweating of palms, solies and axillare was observed and treated with the emotional factor taken as primary. This patient was treated with Bokryungbosimtang-gamibang and improvement was seen.