Lithographically-featured photonic microparticles of colloidal assemblies

Lee, Su Yeon,Kim, Shin-Hyun,Heo, Chul-Joon,Hwang, Hyerim,Yang, Seung-Man Royal Society of Chemistry 2010 Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics Vol.12 No.38

<P>We have described a new and promising strategy for the fabrication of composite and porous photonic crystal microparticles that combines the self-assembly of colloidal particles with photolithography techniques. We fabricated silica/SU-8 composite microparticles with photonic bandgaps <I>via</I> four steps: (1) deposition of the silica colloidal crystals on the photoresist, (2) embedding of the colloidal crystals in the photoresist, (3) UV exposure through a photomask and subsequent development, and (4) release of the microparticles from the substrate. Embedding was performed above the glass transition temperature (<I>T</I><SUB>g</SUB>) of uncrosslinked SU-8. At such temperatures, capillary forces on the silica particles facilitate the migration of colloidal crystals in the SU-8 matrix. Particle migration ceased when the top colloidal crystal layer was trapped at the interface between air and SU-8. In addition, we also prepared porous microparticles with an inverse opaline structure by dissolving the embedded silica particles from the composite structures. The porous microparticles showed enhanced reflectivity at the bandgap position due to the large refractive index contrast. The bandgap position of the microparticles was controlled by the size of the silica particles, which determined the lattice constant. Bilayered composite and porous microparticles with two distinct photonic bandgaps were also prepared by sequential deposition of colloidal crystals composed of two differently sized silica particles.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A new and promising fabrication strategy of photonic crystal microparticles was demonstrated by combining colloidal self-assembly with photolithography. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0cp00134a'> </P>

수부 주상골 요부의 전위골절에 대한 수술적 치료

조용만,이영기,강흥식,리건영,이천동,오상수 대한골절학회 1997 대한골절학회지 Vol.10 No.1

The authors surveyed the clinical study of 17cases of scaphoid fractures from March 1989 to September 1994 with minimal I year follow up at Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Lee-Rha general Hospital. The following conclusions were obtained through clinical survey. l. Of all l 7 cases, they were l3 males and 4 females; Among the 13 males, 10 cases were aged between 20 and 39 years. forming 56.8% of all. 2. All 17 cases were treated by open reduction. Unions were obtained at average l l.5 weeks in 7 cases treated with Herbert screw fixation and l 2 weeks in l 0 cases treated with K-wire fixation. 3. Two of ten K-wire treated cases resulted in delayed union, one of seven Herbert screw treated cases resulted in delayed union. 4. Unions were obtained at average 20 weeks in 3 cases of delayed union. We concluded that open reduction and K-wire fixation were recomanded for the compatible treatment method of displaced waist fracture of scaphoid.

위절제술 환자의 표준진료지침 개발 및 적용 효과

김은희,김철규,이순교,김순덕,이혜옥,권정순,이경미,이민미,심순미,유용만,신종식,강은희,이상일,김병식,오성태,육정환,박수길 한국의료QA학회 2003 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.10 No.2

Background : Gastric cancer is the most common malignant tumor in Korea. surgical operation is one of the major treatment modalities for gastric cancer patients. Therefore, gastrectomy is one of the most common procedures in General Surgery. There were variation in length of hospital stay and medical treatment for gastrectomy between three surgeons at Asan Medical Center. Clinical pathways have received considerable attention as a tool for recucing the medical practice variation, increasing the efficiency of care process, and improving the quality of care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a clinical pathway for gastrectomy in gastric cancer patients. Methods : The clinical pathway for gastrectomy was developed and implemented by a multidisciplinary group in Asan Medical Center. A computerized clinical pathway program was developed and revised after a pilot test. A total of 145 patients underwent gastrectomy by three surgeons at Asan Medical Center. We compared the length of hospital stay, patient satisfaction, and unplanned readmission rate between the pre-pathway group(n=67) and the post-pathway group(n=78). We also investigated the degree of satisfaction among the physicians and nurses who were main end-users of the clinical pathway. Results : The clinical pathway was applied to all target patients. The average length of hospital stay was shortened from 12.7days to 10.6days(p<0.01). The degree of patient satisfaction with the care process changed from 90.3% to 89.2% after the implementation of the clinical pathway, but the difference was of satistically significant(p=0.761). Unplanned readmission rate was 2.9% in the pre-pathway group. More than 90% of physicians and nurses answered that the clinical pathway had been a useful tool in their medical practice. Conclusions : The findings of the study demonstrated that implementation of the clinical pathway for gastrectomy produced substantial reduction in the length of hospital stay while improving the quality of patient outcomes. The computerized clinical pathway program can be used as one of the powerful patient management tools for reducing the practice variations and increasing the efficiency of care process in Korea hospital settings.

제2형 당뇨병 환자의 치료에서 복약순응도가 혈당 조절에 미치는 영향

김경선,김민정,박소현,박영주,허정순,이은경,김선영,이수형,김상수,강양호,손석만,김인주,김용기 한국병원약사회 2009 병원약사회지 Vol.26 No.2

Abstract: As known in clinical trial like DCCT, UKPDS, tight glycemic control is essential to prevent complications from diabetes mellitus(DM). In type 2 diabetes taking multiple medication, nonadherence to medications is common problem. The aim of our study is to investigate adher-ence rate of patients with type 2 DM and to evaluate association between many factors including adherence rate and HbA_(1C). 441 patients with type 2 DM who visited Busan National University Hospital endocrine internal department from Aug 13 to Sep 2, 2008(3weeks) were enrolled. We conducted a man-to-man questionnaire survey about general knowledge about diabetes mellitus, medicine and adherence, and measured HbA_(1C). Among them, 305 patients taking oral hypo-glycemic agent(OHA) were analyzed to investigate correlation between adherence rate and glycemic control. We studied 305 patients(male 126, female 179, average age 61.2±9.8 years, DM duration 8.6±6.4 years, average adherence 88.8±16.2%, average HbA_(1C) 7.03± 1.18%). HbA_(1C) showed significant relation with DM duration(r=0.137, p=0.017), number of aHA in regimen (r=0.135, p=0.018), dosage frequency(r=0.132, p=0.026), Medication Refill Adherence(MRA)(r=-0.124, p=0.030) and adherence(r=-0.168, p=0.003). Adherence had significant relation with MRA(r=0.148, p=0.010) but didn't have statical corelationship with DM duration, number of aHA and dosage frequency. Patients that their adherence rate exceed 90% took fewer OHA(p=0.011) and went on a better dietary treatment(p=0.007). In patients controlling diabetes mellitus with aHA, when adherence rate and MRA was higher, HbA_(1C) was lower. As a result, to improve adher-ence rate, it is necessary to enhance patient education, do careful consideration about prescrip-tion medicine number and dosage frequency

어머니의 언어 유형에 따른 유아의 창의성

이만수,백영숙 공주영상정보대학 2002 논문집 Vol.9 No.-

본 연구는 어머니의 언어 유형에 따라 유아의 창의성에 차이가 나타나는가에 대한 것을 알아보는데 목적을 두고 이루진 연구이다. 첫째, 어머니의 언어 유형에 따른 유아의 창의성의 차이를 알아본 결과 어머니의 언어유형에 따른 유아의 창의성은 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 어머니의 언어유형에 따른 유아의 창의성에는 차이가 없음을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 어머니의 언어유형에 따른 유아의 창의성 하위요소를 알아본 결과 어머니의 언어유형에 따른 유아의 창의성 하위 요소의 변량분석 결과, 5가지의 창의성 하위요소 중 '유창성'에서만 유의한 차이를 나타냈다, [F(2, 88)=3.59, p<.05.] 어머니의 언어유형에 따른 유아의 창의성 하위 요소 중 '독창성', '제목의 추상성', '정교성', '성급한 종결에 대한 저항'은 모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없음을 알 수 있었다. 이상에서 제시한 것을 토대로 후속 연구를 위한 제언을 하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 설문지 형식이 아닌 다른 방식으로 어머니의 언어 유형을 측정하는 도구의 필요성이다. 본 연구에서 기존의 연구들과 불일치 하는 결과가 나타난 점을 볼 때, 어머니의 언어사용을 살펴 볼 수 있는 실제 상황을 제시하여 연구자가 어머니와 유아의 대화를 살펴 볼 수 있는 연구가 이루어지도록 해야겠다. 둘째, 유아의 창의성 발달에 영향을 주는 요인들에 대한 보다 많은 연구가 필요함을 들 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 유아의 창의성에 영향을 주는 요인으로 어머니의 언어 유형만을 살펴보았으나, 어머니와의 애착 정도, 유아 존중 정도, 부모의 성장 배경, 교사와의 애착정도 등 다양한 분야에 따라 유아의 창의성의 차이에 대한 연구가 계속 되어야겠다.

외부온도에 따른 폴리머 콘크리트의 강도특성 변화

이윤수,주명기,최만용 강원대학교 부설 석재복합신소재 제품연구센터 2002 석재연 논문집 Vol.7 No.-

불포화 에스터 수지의 큰 이용분야의 하나로 건축재료가 있으나 여기서 가장 문제로 되어 있는 것이 바로 열적 특성의 개선이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 외부온도가 폴리머 콘크리트의 강도특성에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 외부온도 20∼120℃ 범위로 하여 폴리머 콘크리트의 물리·역학적 특성을 구명하는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구에서는 불포화 폴리에스터 수지를 결합재로 하고 탄산칼슘을 충진재로, 규사를 잔골재로 치환하고, 굵은골재를 쇄석으로하는 폴리머 콘크리트를 제조하여 외부온도에 따른 강도특성을 검토한 바, 폴리머 콘크리트의 사용 적정온도는 50℃이내가 적당할 것으로 판단되며, 50℃이상에서 사용할 경우는 난연성이 우수한 탄소섬유를 사용해야 할 것이다. In this study, the polymer concrete was made to investigate its strength properties, in which unsaturated polyester resin was used as s binder, calcium carbonate as the filler and silica sand as th fine aggregate, and crushed stone as the coarse aggregate. The effects according to the external temperature on strength properties of polymer concrete were examined. Test result showed that the compressive, flexural and tensile strengths of the polymer concretes decreased with increasing external temperature. The elasticity of modulus of the polymer concretes decreased with increasing external temperature.

學校圖書館의 視聽覺資料 分類ㆍ目錄에 대한 考察

이만수 明知大學校 圖書館學科 1989 圖書館學論集 Vol.2 No.1

중량저항운동이 중년 여성의 면역글로블린에 미치는 영향

이배익,박영수,권만근 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 12weeks' resistance training on Immunoglobulin in middle aged women. The subjects of this study employed 20 healthy middle aged women in Pu-san city. The study was conducted two (control group, experimental group) by two (pre-test, post-test) factorial design with data analyzed using ANCOVA. The result of this study was not significantly different in IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM between control group and training group. Therefore moderate weight traning was not change in Immunoglobulin. the following study is profoundly considerated not only immunoglobulin but also mitogen

놀이활동이 인지발달에 미치는 영향

이만수 공주영상정보대학 2000 논문집 Vol.7 No.-

앞에서 언급했듯이 유아는 놀이하는 과정에서 사고의 폭을 넓혀가며, 또래 관계를 형성해 나가며, 인지적 발달을 도모하게 되며 특히 삶을 살아가는 가치를 알게 하는 기쁨이 동반되는 것이다. 즉 유아들은 놀이 속에서 배우며 여러 가지 전인적 발달을 도모하게 되는 것이다. 유아가 생존에 필요한 대부분의 지식활동을 놀이를 통해서 발달시키게 되는 것이다. 특히 유아의 인지발달에 있어 놀이의 역할을 다음과 같이 정리할 수 있을 것이다. 첫째, 놀이는 지능발달에 중요한 역할을 한다. 둘째, 놀이는 보존개념을 인식할 수 있는 기회를 제공한다. 셋째, 놀이는 문제해결능력을 고무시킨다. 넷째, 놀이는 창의성을 고무시킨다. 그렇지만 놀이와 교육을 너무 직접적으로 관련짓기보다는 양자의 관계를 서로 상보적 관계로 발전시켜 양자 관계를 서로 승화시킬 필요가 있는 것이다. 즉, 유아들의 놀이를 몰입하게 만드는 원리를 파악하여 교육을 놀이처럼 구성하면 교육 효과를 높일 수도 있다는 것이다. 무엇보다도 중요한 것은 성인들이 유아들에게 철저한 준비성과 환경제공으로 마음대로 호기심과 흥미를 갖고 활동을 하면서 심층있는 문제해결 능력과 확산적 사고로 진행되어져야 할 것이다.

용접공들의 면역능에 관한 연구

이수일,조봉수,김영욱,고광욱,조원근,김영실,강수용,황인경,조병만,김돈균 大韓産業醫學會 1997 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.9 No.1

The authors examined human immunity indicators such as CD4, CD8, Natural Killer(NK) cell, IgG, IgA, and IgM, and heavy metals such as Pb, Cr, Cd to evaluate the health hazard of welders. We selected total 126 male subjects, 60 welders who had more than 5 year working history as an exposure group, and 66 office workers and medical college students as a control group. This immunity evaluation approach is the first newly designed study that has never been tried in past studies on welder's heath evaluation. And the results were as follows. 1. Total lymphocyte count of peripheral blood was significantly higher in welder group, 2,615±650 ea/㎕ compared with 2,368±681 ea/㎕ in control group(p>0.05). 2. The proportion of CD4, CD8, NK cell in welder group was 37.5±9.4%, 24.0±8.8%, and 21.0±9.5%, respectively, and 35.5±6.5%, 25.0±6.9%, and 19.6±8.8% in control group. CD4 and NK cell were slightly higher, and CD8 was slightly lower in welder group. but there was no statistical significance between two groups(p≥0.05). 3. IgG, IgA, and IgM in welder group were 15.9㎎/㎗, 2.7㎎/㎗ and 1.5㎎/㎗, respectively, and 15.6㎎/㎗, 2.9㎎/㎗ and 1.7㎎/㎗ in control group. There was no statistical significance between two groups(p≥0.05). 4. Blood lead, cadmium and chromium concentrations were 4.2±1.8㎍/㎗, 0.4±0.38㎍/㎗, 1.2±0.6㎍/㎗ in welder group and 3.2±1.7㎍/㎗, 0.44±0.29㎍/㎗, 1.1±0.6㎍/㎗ in control group, respectively, and these value were within normal ranges.