3,4‑Dichloroaniline promotes fatty liver in zebrafish larvae

Ji‑Seon Park,송정아,Jong‑Su Park,이상우,Jieon Lee,Han‑Jin Park,Woo‑Keun Kim,Seokjoo Yoon,Hang‑Suk Chun 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2020 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.16 No.2

Backgrounds 3,4-Dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA) is a transformation product of herbicides that is commonly used as a reference in developmental toxicity studies (OECD TG 236) (Bonnet et al. in Environ Toxicol 22:78–91, 2007). However, the mechanisms underlying 3,4-DCA-induced hepatotoxicity are not well known. Methods We exposed zebrafish larvae at 72 hpf to 3,4-DCA for 3 days and observed lipid accumulation in liver treated with 10-μM 3,4-DCA using oil red O staining. Subsequently, we performed qRT-PCR analysis to determine the genes involved in the observed lipid accumulation. Results We found that genes related to lipogenesis (srebp1, pparγ, lipin1, and scd1) and ER stress (bip, atf4, ddit3, dnajc3, and edem1) were significantly upregulated. In addition, we found that ROS generation increased in the larvae treated with 10-μM 3,4-DCA. Moreover, glutathione-S-transferase activity in these larvae was increased by 3,4-DCA in a dose-dependent manner, and the expression of the inflammation marker il-1β increased. Conclusion Our results indicated that exposure to 3,4-DCA induced fatty liver in zebrafish larvae and that this, in association with additional factors such as ER stress response, can promote liver damage. We accordingly suggest that 3,4-DCA could be used to induce fatty liver in zebrafish larvae.

지렁이 분변토의 SO_2 가스 흡착특성

金春姬,高京淑,安喆偶 한국환경과학회 2000 한국환경과학회지 Vol.9 No.2

The purpose of this study was to determine whether Vermi Cast could be used effectively to remove SO_2 from flue gas, and then to investigate optimum adsorption conditions. The Vermi Cast used as adsorbent was mechanically screened with 8∼20 mesh sieve. The adsorption data for S0_2 were regressed using the Freundlich isotherm. The fit was generally satisfactory (R^2=0.945∼0.982). With the temperature changes from 20℃ to 40℃, the constant k in Freundlich isotherm q_e = kC_e^(1/n), decreased from 1.409 at 20℃ to 0.297 at 40℃, and the exponent 1/n were decreased from 0.343 to 0.134. With the bed depth changes from 10㎝ to 30㎝, the adsorption capacity expressed as m㏖ of SO_2 adsorbed per g of Vermi Cast increased from 0.247 to 0.381. Moisture content is an important parameter in the SO_2 adsorption efficiency. When the moisture content ranging 23∼53% temperature 28℃ the amount of SO_2 adsorbed were observed over 0.3m㏖ SO_2/g Vermi Cast. The best adsorption capacity was 0.487m㏖ SO_2/g Vermi Cast, and it was obtained with moisture content 37%, temperature 20℃. From the above results, it might be concluded that Vermi Cast is effectively available as a good adsorbent to remove SO_2 from flue gas.

보리순의 영양성분 조성

서혜지,최용민,김상천,이준수,이기택,정명근,천지연,황진봉,남진식,서우덕,황영,김행란,김세나 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2015 農業科學硏究 Vol.31 No.2

조혈모세포이식 후 발생한 주폐포자층 폐렴에 대한 고찰

주지현,최정현,이동건,백지연,고윤호,이혜정,김세희,신호진,박윤희,박지영,김유진,신완식,김춘추 대한감염학회 2001 감염 Vol.33 No.4

Background : Pneumocytitis cainii pneumonia (PCP) can occur in immunocompromised hosts especially such as AIDS or cancer patients. Although recent research had focused on PCP in AIDS patients, few studies have described the clinical presentations of PCP in recipients of stem cell transplantation (SCT). We evaluated the clinical manifestations of PCP in SCT patients admitted at St. Mary's hospital, Seoul, Korea. Methods : The medical records of 17 PCP patients undergoing SCT between Feb. 1998 and Feb. 2000 were reviewed. The diagnosis of PCP was confirmed through the demonstration of Pneumocytitis cainii via either cytology of brochoalveolar lavage (BAL) or histological technique of lung biopsy. CMV disease and CMV infection were confirmed by BAL culture and antigenemia respectively . Results : Seventeen patients were all recipients of allogeneic SCT and 7 of 17 patients were performed non-sibling SCT. Patients presented with symptoms including brief period (4 ∼23 days) of fever (76%), dyspnea (70%), cough (64%), and signs such as rare(58.8%), Sixteen patients (94%) had been receiving immunosuppressive agent such as cyclosporine A (64%) or Fk506 (35%) without PCP prophylaxis. Eleven patients (64%) were treated with corticosteroid with mean dose of 16 mg/day prednisolone and mean duration of 4.6 months after post-SCT period. Twelve patients were co-infected with CMV. Another co-infected miCroorganisms were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, herpes simplex virus, parainfluenza virus, Average duration of treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) was 21 ±9 days. Four patients died, and three of them were related with PCP. Conclusion : PCP developed frequently in patients who were taking immunosuppressive drug due to graft versus host disease or were not taking TMP/SMX prophylaxis. High risk patients showing fever, cough, or dyspnea should be considered to take early bronchoscopic intervention for detection of PCP. When treat for PCP, it also be considered to the possibility of coinfection such as CMV. (Korean J Infect Dis 33:273∼279, 2001)

염산용액에서 Di-n-hexyl sulfide에 의한 팔라듐의 溶媒抽出

李在天,鄭鎭己,朴珍泰,金月中,林志源 공주대학교 자원재활용신소재지역협력센터 2000 2차년도 센터 사업 성과집 Vol.2000 No.1

추출제로 di-n-hexyl sulfide(DHS)를 사용하여 염산산선용액에서 팔라듐의 용매추출에 대한 실험을 행하였으며 추출제, 팔라듐, Cl-, NO3-, 그리고 HCl의 농도가 팔라듐의 추출에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 또한 NH4OH 용액에 의한 유기 상으로부터 팔라듐의 역추출 실험에서 NH4OH 농도, 접촉시간 및 NH4Cl 첨가의 영향을 조사하였다. 팔라듐은 유기상에 PdCl2·2DHS로 추출되었으며 수상의 HCl과 NO3- 농도가 증가함에 따라 추출속도가 감소하였다. 팔라듐의 추출반응은 온도가 증가함에 따라 분배계수가 증가하는 흡열반응이며 ΔH0의 값은 -65.6kJ/mol 이었다. 유기상으로 추출된 팔라듐은 5 M NH4OH 용액을 사용하여 유기상으로부터 완전히 역추출 되었다. The solvent extraction of palladium from aqueous chloride media was carried out using di-n-hexyl sulfide(DHS) known as a selective extractant for palladium. The effects of the concentrations of extractant, palladium, Cl-, NO3-, and HCl on the palladium extraction were investigated. Also, The effects of NH4OH concentration, contact time, and the addition of NH4Cl were examined in the stripping of palladium from the organic phase with NH4OH solution. The result shows that palladium was extracted as PdCl2·2DHS. The initial rates of palladium extraction decreased with the increase of HCl and NO3- concertrations in the aqueous phase. The extraction of palladium with DHS was endothermic with ΔH0 of -65.6 kJ/mol which the distribution coefficient increased with temperature. Palladium in the organic phase was completely stripped with NH4OH solution.

심한 척추후측만증 환자의 대퇴골절 복원술을 위한 부위마취 : 증례보고 A case report

김지은,박대용,유시현,강규식,권진형,김천숙,안기량 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.2

Kyphoscoliosis is a disease manifested as lateral curvature of spine and accompanying rotation of the vertebrae, resulting in distortion of rib cage. Restrictive lung disease and pulmonary hypertension progressing to cor pulmonale are the major cause of mortality in patients with kyphoscoliosis. We had experienced a successful spinal and caudal epidural anesthesia for the open reduction and internal fixation with plate of fractured femur shaft in two patients with severe kyphosoliosis. We had chosen regional anesthesia as an anesthetic method because of there poor pulmonary function and severe deformities of thoracolumbar spine. We could achieve the adequate anesthetic sensory dermatome level, T_(5) and T_(8), for operation without any significant deterioration of blood pressure and respiration. We recommended that regional anesthesia is a useful anesthetic method for a patients with severe kyphoscoliosis when the operation on hip or lower extremity is required.

수술실 오염도감소를 위한 수술실공조시스템에 대한 연구

김천숙,박은정,강규식,김지은,안기량,권진형,유시현,주영철,권순정 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.1

Background: The OR(operating room) should provide an optimum environment that is safe for the patient and the working personnel. The air ventilation system of OR has been studied to decrease the contamination of air. We investigated the flow and contamination of the air in OR at our hospital. Method: Cultures in OR were made and the number of bacteria and fungi were calculated. A two-dimensional model for the cross-section of an operation room is developed for the CFD (computational fluid dynamics) analysis. The characteristics of air flow in the empty operation room and in the occupied operation room are calculated by using a CFD program. Results: The current air ventilation system of our hospital does not deliver the clean air to the operating site efficiently in occupied OR. Conclusions: We suggested a new location of air ventilation system which improves air venting with little increase of the cost of equipment.

관개방법에 따른 논에서의 수문 및 수질특성에 미치는 영향

전지홍,윤춘경,최진규,윤광식 한국육수학회 2005 생태와 환경 Vol.38 No.1

관개방법이 논에서의 수문 및 수질특성에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 관개용수가 풍부한 지표수 관개지역과 관개용수가 부족한 지하수관개지역에서의 물수지 및 영양물질수지 분석을 실시하였다. 지표수 관개논은 영농기간동안 지속적으로 관개가 이루어졌으나, 지하수 관개논은 영농초기에만 이루어졌으며 그 이후에는 강우에 의해 담수심이 유지되어 지표유출은 지표수 관개논에 비해상대적으로 낮은 빈도를 나타내었다. 지표수의 영양물질 농도는 시비에 의해 크게 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 다량의 시비가 이루어지는 영농초기(5~6월 중순)에는 높은 영양물질 농도를 나타내어 이 시기에 논에서 유출이 이루어진다면 하류 수계에 영향을 줄 것으로 판단되었다. 물수지 분석결과 지하수 관개논의 관개량, 지표유출량 등이 상대적으로 지표수 관개논에 비해 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 영양물질수지분석 결과 대부분의 유입은 시비에 의해 이루어졌으며, 유출은 지표유출이 많은 비중을 차지하였으나 지표유출과 침투유출사이의 비율은 토양의 특성에 좌우되는 것으로 판단된다. 외부에서의 유입을 제외하고 시스템내에서의 유출입만 고려한다면, 물관리가 효율적으로 이루어진 지하수 관개논에서 낮은 부하량을 나타내었다. 그러나 기비가 이루어지고 인위적인 낙수나 강우에 의한 유출이 발생할 경우, 높은 부하량 뿐만 아니라 고농도의 영양물질질이 수계로 유입되는 것으로 나타났다. 논에서의 비점오염관리를 위한 대안으로 현재 시행되고 있는 시비량 감소 뿐 아니라, 효율적인 물관리기법 개발이 포함되어야 할 것으로 판단된다. 특히 영농초기의 강우특성과 논에서의 담수기능을 고려해 볼 때 시비에 의한 높은 영양물질 농도를 나타내는 논 표면수의 유출을 효율적으로 억제할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 물꼬높이의 증가와 천수간단관개 영농초기의 강우에 의한 유출을 억제시킴으로써 부족한 관개용수의 절약 뿐만아니라 하류수계의 수질보호에 기여를 할 것으로 판단되며, 다양한 조건에 따른 환경적인 측떤 뿐 아니라 벼의 생리적인 측면은 장기적인 모니터링을 통해 반드시 고려되어 야 할 것이다. The comparison of water balance and nutrient loading from paddy field with different irrigation management were carried out during 1999-2002 at two different sites; one is irrigated with groundwater and the other is irrigated with surface water. For the surface water irrigated paddy field, irrigation was performed continuously during growing season. Whereas, initial irrigation with groundwater was applied during initial growing season, and the ponded water depth was maintained by natural precipitation since initial irrigation. The runoff frequency of groundwater irrigated paddy field was less than that of surface water irrigated paddy field. The nutrient concentration of ponded water was high by fertilization at early cultural periods, so reducing surface drainage during fertilization period can reduce nutrient loading from paddy fields. Amount of irrigation water to surface water irrigated paddy field was higher than to groundwater irrigated paddy field and evapotranspiration was similar because it is influenced by climate. Overall input in and output from paddy field irrigated with goundwater were less than that with surface water. This study indicate that efficient water management can reduce surface drainage outflow, save water, and protect water quality. It might be important BMPs for paddy field.

알부민이 첨가된 시험관내 약역학 감염모델을 이용한 폐렴알균 치료에서 Ceftriaxone 일일 1회 요법

허지안,전혜선,박선희,최수미,김시현,이동건,최정현,유진홍,신완식 대한감염학회 2006 감염과 화학요법 Vol.38 No.6

배경 : Penicillin 내성 폐렴알균이 증가하는 지역에서 대안 중의 하나로 사용되는 ceftriaxone (CTR)의 적절한 용법, 용량을 파악하는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구는 임상에서 분리된 폐렴알균을 대상으로 시험관내 약역학 감염모델을 이용하여 알부민이 첨가된 경우와 첨가되지 않은 경우 CTR의 일일 1회 요법의 효과를 비교해 보고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : Penicillin 감수성(SM24), 중간내성(SM47), 내성(SM60)주를 대상으로 2-구획 시험관내 약역학 감염모델을 적용하였다. CTR 주입은 2 g씩 24시간마다로 사람의 약동학을 모의하였다. 알부민은 모델에서 4g/ dL가 유지되도록 하였다. 살균효과는 0, 2, 4, 6, 24, 30, 48시간째 집락수 변화로 측정하였다. 결과 : 모든 균주에서 알부민이 첨가되지 않은 경우 6시간 이내에 살균력이 관찰되었다. 최저억제농도 및 알부민 첨가유무에 관계없이 3주 모두 24시간째 살균력이 관찰되었고, 48시간째는 모두 측정한계 이하의 집락수로 감소하였다. 전 실험과정에서 CTR에 대한 내성주는 출현하지 않았다. 결론 : CTR의 일일 1회 요법은 알부민이 첨가되었을 때, 감수성, 중간내성, 내성주 모두에서 살균력 발현이 지연되었으나 최종효과는 알부민이 없을 때와 다르지 않았다. 앞으로 알부민 결합효과와 관련된 기초적인 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Background : During the era of increasing penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, it is important to have knowledge about adequate dosage and dosing interval of ceftriaxone (CTR). We examined efficacies of once-daily CTR and compared results in an in vitro pharmacodynamic infection model (IVPDIM) supplemented with albumin and those without albumin. Methods : Using three clinically isolated S. pneumoniae that were susceptible (SM24), intermediate (SM47) and resistant (SM60) against CTR, we utilized a two-compartment IVPDIM. CTR 2 g was administered intravenously every 24 h. Human albumin was added with concentration of 4 g/dL. Samples were removed at multiple time points over a 48-h period to determine the colony counts. Results : In SM24 and SM60, bactericidal effects were observed within 6 hours in groups without albumin. The number of colonies during 1st 6 hours were more decreased in albumin-free groups than in albumin-supplemented groups (P<0.05). In SM47, similar results were found during 1st 6 hours (P=0.03). But, regrowth was observed in albumin supplemented group at 30 h. Irrespective of results of minimal inhibitory concentrations and albumin supplementation, bactericidal effects were shown at 24 h in all 3 strains. All groups were decreased below the detection limit at 48 h. Development of resistance was not detected throughout the entire study period in either strain. Conclusions : Although extents of killing in albumin supplemented broth of once-daily CTR dosing were delayed in all 3 strains compared with those of albumin free broth, final efficacies were not different between the two groups.

요하지통 환자에서 두 개의 캐눌라를 이용한 박동성 고주파 신경근 응고술의 임상 연구

김천숙,배재영,배덕구,강규식,안기량,권진형,김지은,유시현 순천향의학연구소 2003 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.9 No.1

Dorsal root ganglion(DRG) block by the local anesthetics and steroids which has done classically in low back pain(LBP) patients with radiculopathy has high incidence of recurrence rate and side effects of steroids. Recently a new technique of pulsed radiofrequency thermocoagulation(P-RFTC) was introduced and substituted for it because of the benefits such as relatively low recurrence rate, low risk of nerve injury and comfort during the procedure. We experienced 15 patients who had LBP with radiculopathy and no or little response to epidural steroid injection. When we performed DR ganglionotomy by P- RFTC under the C-arm guide in these patients, we tried to approach the exact DR ganglion using tow cannulas - the one for obtaining patient's subjective symptoms and injection of contrast dye, the other for making a RF lesioning after identifying the impedance of sensory and motor stimulation. In conclusion, DR ganglionotomy by P- RFTC using two cannulas in LBP patients is an easy and safe procedure with satisfactory results.