Characteristic Model-based Adaptive Control with Genetic Algorithm Estimators for Four-PMSM Synchronization System

Yang Gao,Yifei Wu,Xiang Wang,Qingwei Chen 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2020 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.18 No.6

For four-PMSM synchronization systems, the complex structure, nonlinearities and uncertainties make accurate modeling and precise control difficult to realize. This article proposes an easily realized adaptive control scheme for four-PMSM synchronization system. This control scheme combines novel characteristic modeling, genetic algorithm and terminal sliding mode control together. Firstly, the four-PMSM synchronization system is described by characteristic model, which significantly simplifies system’s dynamic model without losing its highorder characteristics. Secondly, a genetic algorithm estimator is newly designed to estimate the real-time value of parameters in characteristic model, which is the key issue in obtaining an accurate system model. Thirdly, an adaptive discrete-time terminal sliding mode controller is proposed based on the characteristic model to enhance system robustness. Also, this controller can eliminate chattering effect when system is reversing. Then, the stability of the closed-loop system is proved by Lyapunov stability theorem. Finally, simulation and experiment results verify the adaptiveness and robustness of the proposed control scheme.

Identification of genetic variations of cultivated and weedy types of Perilla species in Korea and Japan using morphological and SSR markers

사규진,최승훈,Mariko Ueno,박경철,박용진,마경호,이주경 한국유전학회 2013 Genes & Genomics Vol.35 No.5

To better understand the genetic diversity and relationships of the two cultivated types of Perilla crop and their weedy types in Korea and Japan, we evaluated the genetic variations of 56 accessions by assessing five morphological characteristics and 18 SSR markers. The two cultivated types of var. frutescens and var. crispa were clearly distinguished by seed size, whereas most accessions of cultivated and weedy types of var. crispa cannot be distinguished strictly by seed characteristics. A total of 165 alleles with the SSR analysis were detected with an average number of 9.2 alleles per locus among the 56 Perilla accessions. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two for KWPE-56 and KWPE-39 to 21 for GBPFM-204. Additionally, the genetic diversity of each locus ranged from 0.497 at KWPE-56 and KWPE-39 to 0.959 at GBPFM-204, with an average of 0.692. The average genetic diversity values were 0.549, 0.685, 0.451 and 0.557 for cultivated and weedy types of var. frutescens and for cultivated and weedy types of var. crispa, respectively. The weedy type accessions of var. frutescens and var. crispa evidenced greater variation than the corresponding cultivated type accessions. The accessions of the cultivated and weedy types of var. frutescens and var. crispa from Korea exhibited greater SSR diversity than those of Japan. An UPGMA phylogenetic tree revealed three major groups, which was congruent with their morphological characteristics except for a few odd accessions. SSR markers clarified the genetic relationships between var. frutescens and var. crispa and helped improve our understanding of the genetic diversity of the two cultivated types of P. frutescens and their weedy types in Korea and Japan.

도라지 수집종의 형태적 특성과 SSR마커에 의한 유연관계 분석

엄유리,이이,Mei Lan Jin,이대영,이재원,김금숙,김창국,홍창표,김옥태 한국약용작물학회 2016 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.24 No.1

Background : Plant breeding requires the collection of genetically diverse genetic resources. Studies on the characteristics of Platycodon grandiflorum resources have not been carried out so far. The present study was carried out to discriminate P. grandiflorum based on morphological characteristics and genetic diversity using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Methods and Results :We collected 11 P. grandiflorum cultivars: Maries II, Hakone double white, Hakone double blue, Fuji white, Fuji pink, Fuji blue, Astra white, Astra pink, Astra blue, Astra semi-double blue and Jangbaek. Analyses of the morphological characteristics of the collection were conducted for aerial parts (flower, stem and leaf) and underground parts (root). Next, the genetic diversity of all P. grandiflorum resources was analyzed using SSR markers employing the DNA fragment analysis method. We determined that the 11 P. grandiflorum cultivars analyzed could be classified by plant length, leaf number and root characteristic. Based on the genetic diversity analysis, these cultivars were classified into four distinct groups. Conclusions : These findings could be used for further research on cultivar development using molecular breeding techniques and for conservation of the genetic diversity of P. grandiflorum. Moreover, the markers could be used for genetic mapping of the plant and marker-assisted selection for crop breeding.

Determination of Genetic Diversity among Korean Hanwoo Cattle Based on Physical Characteristics

Choi, T.J.,Lee, S.S.,Yoon, D.H.,Kang, H.S.,Kim, C.D.,Hwang, I.H.,Kim, C.Y.,Jin, X.,Yang, C.G.,Seo, K.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.9

This study was conducted to establish genetic criteria for phenotypic characteristics of Hanwoo cattle based on allele frequencies and genetic variance analysis using microsatellite markers. Analysis of the genetic diversity among 399 Hanwoo cattle classified according to nose pigmentation and coat color was carried out using 22 microsatellite markers. The results revealed that the INRA035 locus was associated with the highest $F_{is}$ (0.536). Given that the $F_{is}$ value for the Hanwoo INRA035 population ranged from 0.533 (white) to 1.000 (white spotted), this finding was consistent with the loci being fixed in Hanwoo cattle. Expected heterozygosities of the Hanwoo groups classified by coat colors and degree of nose pigmentation ranged from $0.689{\pm}0.023$ (Holstein) to $0.743{\pm}0.021$ (nose pigmentation level of d). Normal Hanwoo and animals with a mixed white coat showed the closest relationship because the lowest $D_A$ value was observed between these groups. However, a pair-wise differentiation test of $F_{st}$ showed no significant difference among the Hanwoo groups classified by coat color and degree of nose pigmentation (p<0.01). Moreover, results of the neighbor-joining tree based on a $D_A$ genetic distance matrix within 399 Hanwoo individuals and principal component analyses confirmed that different groups of cattle with mixed coat color and nose pigmentation formed other specific groups representing Hanwoo genetic and phenotypic characteristics. The results of this study support a relaxation of policies regulating bull selection or animal registration in an effort to minimize financial loss, and could provide basic information that can be used for establishing criteria to classify Hanwoo phenotypes.

목소리 특성 구분에 대한 사운드 A칼라에 관한 연구

김봉영,이은영,배명진 사단법인 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2018 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.8 No.2

Man has a different voice. This characteristic of the voice is like a fingerprint that distinguishes the person. Because the characteristics of individuals such as physical structure and lifestyle are different, voices are a characteristic that can distinguish individuals. These different voice characteristics are interested as a means of biometric authentication. On the other hand, it would be hard to distinguish the voices which are very similar among the family members. At this time, the genetic factors work the most role. In this paper, using newly developed sound A color, we tried to compare voice with more intuitive and simpler. The experiment was for 6 male and female voices by using voice frequency band of 0~4 KHz Sound A color and we have done a comparative analysis of the result. As a result of the experiment, it was intuitively understood that even the visual expression of the sound A color is different by the individual voice characteristics, and it can be seen that the sound A color also can be used as an index for discriminating the individual voice characteristics. 사람은 저마다 서로 다른 목소리를 가지고 있다. 이러한 목소리 특성은 마치 지문처럼 그 사람을 구분할 수 있는 특징이 된다. 신체적 구조와 생활습관과 같은 개인 간의 특성이 다르기 때문에 목소리가 개개인을 구분할 수 있는 특성이 되는 것이다. 이러한 서로다른 목소리 특성은 생체인증 수단으로써 관심을 받고 있다. 반면 가족 간에는 목소리가 매우 유사하여 구분하기 어려운 경우가 발생하게 되는데, 이때 유전적인 요인이 가장 크게 작용한다. 본 논문에서는 최근 새로이 연구되고 있는 사운드 A칼라를 이용하여 좀더 직관적이고 좀 더 간단한 목소리 비교를 시도하였다. 실험은 남녀 6인의 목소리에 대하여 0~4 KHz의 음성주파수 대역을 사운드 A칼라로 표현하여 그 결과를 비교분석 하였다. 실험을 진행한 결과, 사운드 A칼라의 시각적인 표현만으로도 개인별 목소리 특성에 차이가 있음을 직관적으로 알 수 있었으며, 사운드 A칼라가 개인별 목소리 특성을 구분할 수 있는 지표로도 활용 가능함을 알 수 있다.

요트 설계시 선형의 기하학적 특성과 성능 사이의 관련성에 관한 연구

하득기(DEUCK-GI HA),김수영(SOO-YOUNG KIM),김용재(YONG-JAE KIM) 한국해양공학회 2003 韓國海洋工學會誌 Vol.17 No.6

Yacht design is significantly affected by the hull geometrical characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to closely examine the relation between hull and performance, before considering characteristics of sea condition. In this study, Genetic Programming is used to derive a formula for the relationship between hull geometric characteristics and performance. Using the formula, a new guideline is proposed to determine performance of a yacht.

Morphological characteristics and genetic diversity of Calanthe species native to Korea

조동훈,최영환,강점순,이용재,최인수,이영근,지선옥,김경민,손병구,Cho, Dong-Hoon,Choi, Young-Whan,Kang, Jum-Soon,Lee, Yong-Jae,Choi, In-Soo,Lee, Young-Geun,Jee, Sun-Ok,Kim, Kyung-Min,Son, Beung-Gu Korean Society of Life Science 2007 생명과학회지 Vol.17 No.3

본 연구는 자생 새우난초의 형태적 특성을 조사하고, RAPD법을 이용하여 유전적 다양성을 분석하고자 수행되었다. 자생지에서 화색을 포함한 19가지의 형태적 특성 분류 기준에 따라 새우난초, 금새우난초, 변이종을 각각 3종류씩 9종류를 선발하였다. 잎의 길이와 넓이, 주판(dorsal sepal), 부판(lateral sepal), 꽃잎(petal), 중심 설(central lip),측면 설(lateral lip)은 길이와 넓이에 있어서 새우난초가 가장 짧고 좁았으며, 금새우난초가 가장 길고 넓었다. 화경(flower stalk)의 길이는 새우난초가 가장 짧았고, 금새우난초가 가장 길었으며, 변이종은 위의 각기관의 길이와 넓이에 있어서 새우난초와 금새우난초의 중간정도였다 그러나 거(spur)의 길이는 새우난초가 가장 길었으며, 변이종, 금새우난초의 순이었다. 자방(ovary)의 길이는 새우난초가 가장 짧았고, 금새우난초와 변이종은 비슷하였다. 새우난초의 화색은 CIE Lab 값이 40에서 50사이의 갈색계통이었으며, 금새우난초는 CIE Lab값이 110에서 130사이의 밝은 황색계통이었다. 변이종은 CIE tab 값이 50에서 70사이의 다양한 색을 나타내었다. 유전적 유연관계를 조사하기 위하여 multiple band의 양상을 분석한 결과, 총 305개의 band 중 154개의 polymorphic band를 선발하였다. 이들의 유연관계는 새우난초와 금새우난초가 가장 멀어 새우난초와 금새우난초는 다른 종에 속해있음을 알 수 있었고, 변이종은 유전적으로 새우난초와 금새우난초의 중간에 위치하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. This study was conducted to research the morphological characteristics and analyze the genetic diversity by using RAPD in Calanthe species native to Korea. Nine samples were selected by flower color and 19 morphological characteristics. In the length and width of leaf, dorsal sepal, the lateral sepal, the petal, the central lip, and the lateral lip, C. discolor was the shortest and narrowest, respectively, but C. sieboldii was the longest and the widest, respectively. The flower stalk length was the shortest in C. discolor, and the longest in C. sieboldii. Three variants were the intermediate between C. discolor and C. sieboldii in the above morphological characteristics, but spur length was the longest in C. discolor, the shortest in C. sieboldii, and intermediate in the variants. The ovary length in C. discolor was shortest and C. sieboldii and variants were similar with each other. The flower color of C. discolor were brownish red, the value of CIE Lab was between 40 and 50. The flower color of C. sieboldii was yellowish, the value of CIE Lab was between 110 and 130. And variants had various colors between 50 to 70 in the value of CIE Lab. By analyzing multiple band patterns of PCR products, 154 bands were selected as polymorphic RAPD markers. The analysis of genetic similarity of Calanther species using RAPD showed that C. discolor and C. sieboldii are more distant from each other than variants, and these results demonstrated that genetic position of variants located between C. discolor and C. sieboldii.

Gerbera(Gerbera hybrida Hort)의 형태적 특징과 유전적 유연관계 분석

김현애,임현희,양원진,이재헌,이병영,이용문,권오창 동아대학교 농업생명과학연구소 2001 農業生命資援硏究 Vol.10 No.1

This study was conducted to analyze the morphological characteristics and genetic relationships among 24 species of Gerbera. Most of flower colors were pink. The numerical order of flower color was pink, orange, red, double-colored, and milk-white. Majority of flower types were single or semidouble flowers. A few species were double flowers. Flower diameters were from 7cm to 12cm, showed significant differences compared to other characteristics. Flower stalks were ranged from 55cm to 65cm. Only one species was the shortest as 55cm. The others were similar size as about 65cm. Main annual production yields were between 190 and 400 blossoms. Fifty seven reproducible polymorphic bands from eighty primers were used for analyses of genetic similarity. The genetic similarity of 24 collected Gerberas was largely classified into five groups. The average similarity coefficient was 0.72 ranged from 0.50 to 0.90. The highest similarity coefficient was shown between 'Sardana' with red/white flower color and double flower type, and 'Tamara' with orange flower color and double flower type as 0.90.

Molecular analysis of S gene of spike glycoprotein of winter dysentery bovine coronavirus circulated in Korea during 2002–2003

Jeong, Jae-Ho,Kim, Gye-Yeop,Yoon, Soon-Seek,Park, Su-Jin,Kim, You-Jung,Sung, Chang-Min,Shin, Sung-Shik,Lee, Bong-Joo,Kang, Mun-Il,Park, Nam-Yong,Koh, Hong-Bum,Cho, Kyoung-Oh Elsevier 2005 Virus research Vol.108 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Since the molecular analysis of spike (S) glycoprotein gene of bovine coronavirus (BCoV) has been conducted and compared mainly among American and Canadian isolates and/or strains, it is unclear whether BCoV circulated in the other countries are distinctive in genetic characteristics. In the present study, we analyzed the S glycoprotein gene to characterize 10 winter dysentery (WD) coronavirus strains circulated in Korea during 2002–2003 and compared the nucleotide (nt) and deduced amino acid (aa) sequences with the other known BCoV. The phylogenetic analysis of the entire S glycoprotein gene revealed that the aa sequences of all Korean WD strains were more homologous to each other and were very closely related to respiratory bovine coronavirus (RBCV) strain OK and enteric bovine coronavirus (EBCV) strain LY-138, but were distinct from the other known BCoVs. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of the hypervariable region of the S1 subunit, all Korean WD strains clustered with the respiratory strain OK, BCQ3994 and the enteric strain LY-138, while the Canadian BCQ calf diarrhea and WD strains, and the American RBCV LSU, French EBCV F15 and avirulent VACC, L9, and Mebus strains clustered on a separate major branch. These data suggest that the WD strains circulated in Korea had a genetic property of both RBCV and EBCV and were significantly distinct from the ancestral enteric strain.</P>

국내 도입 블루베리의 생육기 및 형태적 특성에 의한 유연관계 분석

김수진,정성민,허윤영,남종철,김세희,조강희,박성관,박서준 한국자원식물학회 2017 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.30 No.1

For analysis of the relationship among blueberry cultivars, the growth period and morphological characteristics were investigated in 28 blueberry cultivars, and cluster analysis using the SAS program was conducted based on the morphological data. The harvest period was later and longer in rabbiteye blueberry cultivars (Austin, Brightwell, Powderblue, Southland, Tifblue) than in highbush blueberry cultivars. The L/D ratio of flower was more than 2.0 in the Austin, Brightwell, Powderblue, Southland, Tifblue, and Brigitta cultivars, and this could be disadvantageous for pollination. The 28 blueberry cultivars were classified into two groups by the cluster analysis based on growth period and morphological characteristics. Group I included rabbiteye blueberries and Group II included highbush blueberries. However, the northern, southern, and half-highbush blueberry cultivars were not differentiated. 국내에서 주로 재배중인 28개 품종의 품종 식별을 위해 생육기 및 형태적 특성을 조사하여 유연관계를 분석하였다. 래빗아이 블루베리 품종인 ‘Austin’, ‘Brightwell’, ‘Powderblue’, ‘Southland’, ‘Tifblue’가 하이부쉬블루베리에 비해 수확 기간이 길고 늦은 것으로 나타났다. 꽃의 L/D율은 래빗아이 블루베리 품종인 ‘Austin’, ‘Brightwell’, ‘Powderblue’, ‘Tifblue’과 남부하이부쉬 블루베리인 ‘Brigitta’ 품종의 경우 2.0 이상으로 나타나 수분에 불리할 것으로 판단되었다. 블루베리 품종별 형태적 특성 결과를 군집 분석한 결과 블루베리의 생육 및 과실 의형태적 특성에 의해 크게 2개의 그룹으로 구분할 수 있었다. 그룹 I은 래빗아이 블루베리 품종들이었으며 그룹 II는 하이부쉬블루베리 품종들이었다. 따라서 생육기 및 형태적 특성만으로도 래빗아이 블루베리 품종을 식별할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었으며 하이부쉬블루베리 내 반수고, 북부, 남부 하이부쉬 블루베리의 구분은 되지 않았다.