들깨, 차조기 작물의 수확 후 저장 기간에 따른 종자 발아 변이

사규진,홍탁기,박대현,이주경 한국작물학회 2018 한국작물학회지 Vol.63 No.1

The present study aimed to understand the variation in seed germination according to the storage period after harvest in the accessions of cultivated and weedy types of Perilla species in Korea. In this milieu, we investigated the germination rate and germination energy of 59 Perilla accessions (15 cultivated var. frutescens type I, 4 cultivated var. frutescens type II, 20 weedy var. frutescens, and 20 weedy var. crispa), which were harvested in autumn 2016. The accessions of cultivated var. frutescens (type I) showed an average germination rate of 80.8% 6 months after harvest; however, the accessions of weedy var. frutescens and var. crispa showed an average germination rate of 0.9% and 8.7%, respectively. Furthermore, the accessions of cultivated var. frutescens (type II) showed an average germination rate of 18.2%. The accessions of cultivated var. frutescens (type I) showed an average germination energy of 75.8%, while the accessions of weedy var. frutescens and var. crispa showed an average germination energy of 0.6% and 6.9%, respectively. In addition, the accessions of cultivated var. frutescens (type II) showed an average germination energy of 14.3%. The germination rate and germination energy for the accessions of cultivated and weedy types of Perilla species increased marginally at 2 months from the first month after harvest. However, it did not significantly increase until six months after that. According to our results, there are two types of cultivated var. frutescens, namely, type I, which showed high germination rate and germination energy, and type II, which showed low germination rate and germination energy. The results of this study will provide basic information to understand variations in the germination of seeds during 6 months of storage period after harvest in the accessions of cultivated and weedy types of Perilla species in Korea. 우리나라에서 수집한 들깨와 차조기의 재배형 및 잡초형 계통들에 대하여 수확 이후 저장기간에 따른 종자발아율 변이를 이해하기 위하여 2016년 가을에 수확한 59개의 들깨, 차조기의 재배형 및 잡초형 계통(재배형 들깨 Type I 15계통, 재배형들깨 Type II 4계통, 잡초형 들깨 20계통, 잡초형 차조기 20계통)들에 대하여 발아율 및 발아세 조사를 하였다. 수확 후 6개월 동안의 들깨와 차조기의 재배형 및 잡초형 계통들에 대한발아율 조사에서 재배형 들깨(Type I)의 계통들은 평균 80.8% 의 발아율을 보였으나, 들깨와 차조기의 잡초형들은 평균0.9%와 8.7%의 발아율을 보였다. 또한 재배형 들깨(Type II) 의 계통들도 평균 18.2%의 발아율을 보였다. 그리고 발아세의경우도 재배형 들깨(Type I)의 계통들은 평균 75.8%를 보였으나, 들깨와 차조기의 잡초형들은 평균 0.6%와 6.9%를 보였으며, 재배형 들깨(Type II)의 계통들도 평균 14.3%를 보였다. 그 결과 들깨, 차조기의 재배형 및 잡초형 계통들은 수확 후 1 개월째보다 2개월째에서 발아율 및 발아세가 다소 증가한 것으로 보였으나, 그 이후부터 6개월째까지는 크게 증가하지 않는 것으로 보였다. 이상의 결과에 의하면, 재배형 들깨의 경우는 2가지 Type, 즉 발아율이 높은 Type I과 낮은 Type II가 존재하는 것으로 밝혀졌으며, 차조기의 재배형 및 잡초형 계통들은 모두 발아율이 낮은 것으로 밝혀졌다. 본 연구결과는 오늘날 우리나라에서 재배되고 있는 들깨와 차조기 작물의 재배형 및 잡초형 계통들에 대하여 수확 후 6개월까지 저장기간에따른 종자발아 변이를 이해하는데 기초정보를 제공할 것으로생각된다.

Genetic diversity and population structure in cultivated and weedy types of Perilla in East Asia and other countries as revealed by SSR markers

사규진,최승훈,Mariko Ueno,이주경 한국원예학회 2015 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.56 No.4

In this study, 17 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer sets were used to analyze the genetic diversity, geneticrelationships, and population structure among 81 accessions of two cultivated types of Perilla crop and theircorresponding weedy types in East Asia and other countries. A total of 166 alleles were identified with an averageof 9.8 alleles per locus. The average gene diversity (GD) value was 0.709. The average polymorphic informationcontent (PIC) value was 0.679. The GD of each locus for accessions of cultivated var. frutescens, weedy var. frutescens, cultivated var. crispa, and weedy var. crispa were 0.557, 0.740, 0.429, and 0.509, respectively. Bothweedy accessions exhibited higher GD and PIC values than their corresponding cultivated types. The cultivated and weedy types of the Perilla crop had much higher GD and PIC values in East Asia than in other countries. Particularly, in East Asia, the Perilla accessions from China showed higher SSR diversity than those from Korea, Japan, and other countries. Population structure analysis identified three groups, Group I, Group II, and an admixed group. Phylogenetic analysis produced four major clusters, but there was no clear geographic relationship between the two cultivated types of Perilla crop and their weedy types based on their regional distribution. This study demonstrated the utility of SSR analysis for performing genetic and population analysis of cultivated and weedy types of Perilla accessions in East Asia and other countries.

국내 및 국외에서 수집한 조의 형태적 변이

사규진,김은지,이상표,유창연,이주경 한국작물학회 2010 한국작물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.04

한국, 파키스탄, 중국에서 수집된 조(Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.)의 26계통들에 대하여 총 9개의 양적 및 질적 형질을 이용하여 형태적 변이를 분석하였다. 7개의 양적 형질들을 이용한 분산분석에서 각 나라에서 수집된 조 26계통들은 초장, 엽수, 마디수, 출수기 등의 형질들에서 현저한 차이를 나타냈다. 그리고 이삭길이 의 경우는 한국/파키스탄, 중국/파키스탄의 계통들에서 차이를 나타내었고, 천립중은 한국과 중국에서 수집된 계통들에서 차이를 보였다. 반면에 각 나라에서 수집된 조 계통들은 분얼수에서 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 한편 주성분 분석의 결과에서는 한국에서 수집된 15계통과 중국에서 수집된 2계통들이 제 1축의 오른쪽에 위치하였고, 파키스탄의 수집 계통들과 중국에서 수집된 2계통들은 제 1축의 왼쪽에 위치하였다. 본 연구의 결과에 의하면, 분석에 이용된 7개의 양적 형질들 중에서 특히 초장, 엽수, 마디수, 출수기 등의 형질들은 한국, 파키스탄 그리고 중국의 조 계통들을 식별하는데 유용한 형질들로 생각되었다. 본 연구 결과는 앞으로 동아시아에서 조 유전자원들의 지리적 분포에 따른 형태적 변이성을 이해하는데 유용한 정보를 제공할 것으 로 기대된다.

Identification of genetic variations of cultivated and weedy types of Perilla species in Korea and Japan using morphological and SSR markers

사규진,최승훈,Mariko Ueno,박경철,박용진,마경호,이주경 한국유전학회 2013 Genes & Genomics Vol.35 No.5

To better understand the genetic diversity and relationships of the two cultivated types of Perilla crop and their weedy types in Korea and Japan, we evaluated the genetic variations of 56 accessions by assessing five morphological characteristics and 18 SSR markers. The two cultivated types of var. frutescens and var. crispa were clearly distinguished by seed size, whereas most accessions of cultivated and weedy types of var. crispa cannot be distinguished strictly by seed characteristics. A total of 165 alleles with the SSR analysis were detected with an average number of 9.2 alleles per locus among the 56 Perilla accessions. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two for KWPE-56 and KWPE-39 to 21 for GBPFM-204. Additionally, the genetic diversity of each locus ranged from 0.497 at KWPE-56 and KWPE-39 to 0.959 at GBPFM-204, with an average of 0.692. The average genetic diversity values were 0.549, 0.685, 0.451 and 0.557 for cultivated and weedy types of var. frutescens and for cultivated and weedy types of var. crispa, respectively. The weedy type accessions of var. frutescens and var. crispa evidenced greater variation than the corresponding cultivated type accessions. The accessions of the cultivated and weedy types of var. frutescens and var. crispa from Korea exhibited greater SSR diversity than those of Japan. An UPGMA phylogenetic tree revealed three major groups, which was congruent with their morphological characteristics except for a few odd accessions. SSR markers clarified the genetic relationships between var. frutescens and var. crispa and helped improve our understanding of the genetic diversity of the two cultivated types of P. frutescens and their weedy types in Korea and Japan.

SSR 및 SNR 분자마커를 이용한 찰옥수수 RIL 집단에 대한 고밀도 분자유전자지도 작성

사규진,장철성,김남수,박종렬,장진선,이주경 한국육종학회 2009 한국육종학회 학술발표회 발표요지 Vol.41 No.1

Comparison of Seed Characteristics between the Cultivated and the Weedy Types of Perilla Species

사규진,김진아,이주경 한국원예학회 2012 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.53 No.4

We evaluated the morphological characteristics of 54 Perilla accessions by examining two quantitative and four qualitative characteristics in order to understand better the relationships between the cultivated types and the weedy types of Perilla species. The size, germination rate, hardness, and color of seeds were examined. The cultivated type of Perilla frutescens var. frutescens showed variation in seed size (2.08 to 2.96 mm) and germination rate (54 to 99%). Most accessions had soft seeds, but the seed colors of white, gray, brown, and dark brown. The weedy type of var. frutescens also showed the variation in seed size (1.54 to 1.94 mm), germination rate (0 to 46%), and had only the hard seeds in dark brown. The cultivated type of var. crispa showed the seed size range of 1.6 to 1.72 mm, and the germination rate of 3 to 34%, and had only the hard seeds in dark brown. The weedy type of var. crispa showed the seed size of 1.45 to 1.96 mm, the germination rate of 0to 27%, and also hard seeds with dark brown color. The accessions of cultivated type of var. frutescens exhibited the bigger variation in seed characteristics than the weedy type of var. frutescens and the cultivated and weedy types of var. crispa. Principal component analyses clearly discriminated between the cultivated and weedy types in var. frutescens, and between var. frutescens and var. crispa in the two cultivated types. However, the seed characteristics of the cultivated type and the weedy type in var. crispa were not clearly discriminated. In this study, the size, germination rate, and hardness of seed were the useful characters for discriminating var. frutescens and var. crispa in the cultivated types, and the cultivated type and the weedy type in var. frutescens. The cultivated type of var. frutescens might be regarded as a more domesticated type than the cultivated type of var. crispa.

Genetic diversity and population structure among accessions of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton in East Asia using new developed microsatellite markers

사규진,최익영,박경철,이주경 한국유전학회 2018 Genes & Genomics Vol.40 No.12

SSRs were successfully isolated from the Perilla crop in our current study, and used to analyze Perilla accessions from East Asia. Analyses of the clear genetic diversity and relationship for Perilla crop still remain insufficient. In this study, 40 new simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer sets were developed from RNA sequences using transcriptome analysis. These new SSR markers were applied to analyze the diversity, relationships, and population structure among 35 accessions of the two cultivated types of Perilla crop and their weedy types. A total of 220 alleles were identified at all loci, with an average of 5.5 alleles per locus and a range between 2 and 10 alleles per locus. The MAF (major allele frequency) per locus varied from 0.229 to 0.943, with an average of 0.466. The average polymorphic information content (PIC) value was 0.603, ranging from 0.102 to 0.837. The genetic diversity (GD) ranged from 0.108 to 0.854, with an average of 0.654. Based on population structure analysis, all accessions were divided into three groups: Group I, Group II and the admixed group. This study demonstrated the utility of new SSR analysis for the study of genetic diversity and population structure among 35 Perilla accessions. The GD of each locus for accessions of cultivated var. frutescens, weedy var. frutescens, cultivated var. crispa, and weedy var. crispa were 0.415, 0.606, 0.308, and 0.480, respectively. Both weedy accessions exhibited higher GD and PIC values than their cultivated types in East Asia. The new SSR primers of Perilla species reported in this study may provide potential genetic markers for population genetics to enhance our understanding of the genetic diversity, genetic relationship and population structure of the cultivated and weedy types of P. frutescens in East Asia. In addition, new Perilla SSR primers developed from RNA-seq can be used in the future for cultivar identification, conservation of Perilla germplasm resources, genome mapping and tagging of important genes/QTLs for Perilla breeding programs.

SSR 분자마커를 이용한 찰옥수수 및 종실용 옥수수 자식계통들의 핵심집단에 대한 유전적 다양성 및 집단구조 분석

사규진,김진아,박기진,박종열,고병대,이주경 한국육종학회 2011 한국육종학회지 Vol.43 No.5

본 연구는 총 50개의 SSR 마커를 이용하여, 찰옥수수 및 종실용 옥수수 핵심집단(찰옥수수 40계통, 종실용 옥수수 40계통)의 자식계통들의 유전적 다양성, 집단구조 및 계통유연관계를 분석하였다. 1. 그 결과 65bp에서 225bp 크기의 범위로 총 242개의 대립단편들을 증폭시켰다. SSR primer들에서 증폭된 대립단편의 수는 최소 2개에서부터 최대 9개까지의 범위로 나타났고, 평균 4.84개가 증폭되었다. 그리고 GD값은 0.420에서 0.8 Maize is divided into two types based on the starch composition of the endosperm in the seed, normal maize(or non-waxy maize) and waxy maize. In this study, genetic diversity and population structure were investigated among 80 waxy maize and normal inbred lines(40 waxy maize inbred lines and 40 normal maize inbred lines) using 50 SSR markers. A total of 242 alleles were identified at all the loci with an average of 4.84 and a range between 2 and 9 alleles per locus. The gene diversity values varied from 0.420 to 0.854 with an average of 0.654. The PIC values varied from 0.332 to 0.838 with an average of 0.602. To evaluate the population structure, STRUCTURE 2.2 program was employed to confirm genetic structure. The 80 waxy and normal maize inbred lines were separated with based on the membership probability threshold 0.8, and divided into groups I, II and admixed group. The 13 waxy maize inbred lines were assigned to group I. The 45 maize inbred lines including 7 waxy maize inbred lines and 38 normal maize inbred lines were assigned to group II. The 22 maize inbred lines with 20 waxy maize inbred lines and 2 normal maize inbred lines were contained in the admixed group. The cluster tree generated using the described SSR markers recognized three major groups at 31.7% genetic similarity. Group I included 40 waxy maize inbred lines and 11 normal maize inbred lines, and Group II included 27 normal maize inbred lines. Group III consist of only 2 normal maize inbred lines. The present study has demonstrated the utility of SSR analysis for the study of genetic diversity and the population structure among waxy and normal maize inbred lines. The information obtained from the present studies would be very useful for designing efficient maize breeding programs in Maize Experiment Station, Kangwon Agricultural Research and Extension Services.

Geographic variation of morphological characters among cultivated types of Perilla crop and their weedy types in Korea and China

사규진,박대현,임수윤,마슐쥔,이주경 한국육종학회 2019 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.7 No.4

In this study, we detected the morphological variation of 83 Perilla accessions from Korea and China by observing themeasurements of seven quantitative and eight qualitative characters. Most accessions of cultivated var. frutescens from Southern Chinashowed higher plant height than accessions from Korea and Northern China. The accessions of cultivated var. frutescens from SouthernChina have a relatively late flowering time, while there were three types of accessions for cultivated var. frutescens from Korea andNorthern China: early-maturity, middle-maturity, and late-maturity. These results indicate that latitude with geographical distributionmay be an essential factor affecting the flowering time in Perilla species in East Asia. In principal components analysis (PCAs), fourquantitative traits and five qualitative characters contributed in the positive direction on the first axis. The accessions of cultivated var. frutescens were clearly separated from accessions of cultivated and weedy types of var. crispa in the PCAs, while the accessions ofcultivated and weedy types of var. crispa revealed no separation. In addition, most accessions of weedy type of var. frutescens were notclearly separated with the accessions of cultivated and weedy types of var. crispa. In this study, we have provided the informationregarding the morphological variation of accessions of two cultivated types of Perilla crop and their weedy types from Korea andChina. The findings provide further insight into the morphological variations and differentiation of Perilla accessions with differentgeographical distributions in Korea and China.

Association Study for Drought Tolerance of Flint Maize Inbred Lines Using SSR Markers

사규진,박현,Zhenyu Fu,장소정,이주경 한국육종학회 2022 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.10 No.4

Drought tolerance is derived from complex quantitative traits that are associated with different shoot and rootmorphological characters. This study assessed the genetic and phenotypic variation of 12 maize inbred lines and performed associationanalysis of 11 drought-related traits using 360 simple sequence repeats (SSRs), detecting 1,604 alleles, with an average of 4.4 alleles perlocus. The average values of gene diversity (GD) and polymorphism information content (PIC) were 0.648 and 0.598, respectively. Inprincipal component analysis (PCA), shoot fresh weight (SFW), shoot dry weight (SDW), stem weight (SW), leaf weight (LW), rootfresh weight (RFW), root dry weight (RDW), and leaf area (LA) traits contributed greatly to the PCA. Association analysis wasperformed using a general linear model with a Q-matrix (Q GLM) and a mixed linear model with Q and K-matrices (Q + K MLM). Twelve SSR markers for drought tolerance trait were detected by Q GLM, and all maize inbred lines were clearly divided into twogroups in accordance with their drought tolerance. Duplicated significant marker-trait associations (SMTAs) between Q GLM and Q +K MLM identified eight marker-trait associations involving four SSR markers that were associated with the traits of SW, SFW, RFW,and RDW with a significant level of P < 0.05. The umc1175 and umc2092 were associated with SW and SFW; umc1503 was associatedwith RFW, SFW, and SW; and umc2341 was associated with RDW. The detection of loci associated with drought-related traits in thisstudy may provide better opportunities to improve maize drought tolerance by marker-assisted selection (MAS).