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‘매를 든 어머니’로 상징되는 戰後 成長小說의 暴力性 -마당 깊은 집, 장난감 도시, 고기잡이는 갈대를 꺾지 않는다를 대상으로-
김경민 한국어문교육연구회 2019 어문연구 Vol.47 No.1
This paper aim to analyze the violence of the post-war society in three novels, <A House with a Deep Garden>, <The Toy City> and <A Fisherman Do not Snap the Reed>, that describe the post-war era. These novels are all notable works as they depict the background of the post-war society and the author's personal experiences. These are all bildungsromans that young children are main characters. Thus, in these novels, it is very common that caned children. Interestingly enough, in the three novels, all mothers who cane are widows caused from war. In addition, their caning is more frequent and harsh than other parents’ canes which are the purpose of education and discipline. Until now, most studies have paid attention to children’s growth in these novels. Therefore, the caning mothers’ feelings have been ignored. Unlike other studies, this study pay attention to caning mother, especially widows. In the time which traditional moral and beliefs were destroyed, the obsession and demand for social norm grew strong. The strong sanctions and crackdown were imposed on the abnormal, especially among the minority such as widows. These repressive mechanisms were also internalized to those who are subject to monitoring and controlling. As a result, they showed symptoms of self-control and self-censorship, further a nervous disease. That is what we commonly call the obsessional neurosis. The social environments that excessively force and suppress widows were the cause of the obsessional neurosis, and this violence transformed as cane, one of the aggressions, was enacted to their children. The widows caned their children to grow right more harshly because the mothers wanted that their children were different from the bad prejudice on widows and widows’ children. Consequentially, the widows’ caning is one of the social pathology of the post-war era, not the personal deviation. 김경민, 2019, ‘매를 든 어머니’로 상징되는 전후 성장소설의 폭력성, 어문연구, 181 : 203~229 마당 깊은 집 과 장난감 도시 , 고기잡이는 갈대를 꺾지 않는다 는 모두 전후 사회의 시대상을 그린 소설로 어린 아이들이 주인공으로 등장하는 성장이야기인 만큼 매 맞는 아이의 모습이 세 작품에 모두 등장하는데, 이때 아이들에게 매를 드는 사람은 모두 “전쟁으로 과수댁이 된 어머니”이며, 이들이 가하는 매질은 유난히 더 빈번하고 가혹하게 그려진다. 전후, 정상의 범주에서 벗어난 것들에 대해서는 강도 높은 제재와 단속이 이루어졌고 그중에서도 홀로 된 여성들에게는 더욱 심한 억압이 이루어졌다. 또한 이러한 억압기제는 감시와 통제의 대상인 이들에게까지 내면화되어 자기 통제와 자기검열의 형태로 고착화되고 결국 신경증의 형태로까지 이어진다. 지나친 강요와 책임감을 부여하는 사회 분위기는 홀로 된 여성들에게 강박으로 작용했고, 이러한 폭력성은 매질이라는 공격성의 형태로 더 약한 대상인 자식들에게 가해진 것이다. 이처럼 전후 소설에 재현된 매 맞는 아이, 그리고 매를 드는 어머니라는 상징은 전후 사회의 폭력성을 증언하는 중요한 이미지라 할 수 있다.
김경민 한국전략문제연구소 1995 전략연구 Vol.2 No.2
Since the end of the cold war the security situation in Northeast Asia has become more complicated. Although the U.S. still wants to maintain a military presence in Northeast Asia, China does not want such involvement and is consistently calling for the U.S. to withdraw from the region. With the fall of the U.S.S.R. and the bipolar system with it, the U.S. presence has become less meaningful as well as less justifiable domestically, with many in the U. S. calling for a military draw down and pull out from places far from home such as Northeast Asia, Even though North Korea gave up its nuclear weapons project it still produces long-range missiles. Japan has become increasingly concerned about its national security interests after the cold war with the Japanese archipelago being within the range of North Korean missiles and as China has been rising fast while investing lots of money for its military build-up and its pursuit of hegemonic power in the region. With the end of the bipolar system and China's developing its military potential. the situation in Northeast Asia has become very complicated and unstable. Take for example the spratley Islands, where there is potential for mining petroleum, there is a great possibility of aconflict erupting between China and Japan. In light of this very volatile situation, it is essential that some kind of organizstion for regional security in Northeast Asia Asia be established. But because of conflicting national interests in the area we need first to establish confidence-building measures to prevent conflict and preserve peace and stability in the area. Without such arrangements and an organization devoted to regional security, peace and security in the region cannot be guaranteed.
일·중관계와 동북아 안보 : 예상되는 지역분쟁을 중심으로
김경민 한국전략문제연구소 1997 전략연구 Vol.4 No.1
The social, economic and political transition now underway in Asia is positive but uncertain. Unlike Europe, communist regimes remain in power in East Asia-China, North Korea, Vietnam-although leadership and generational changes are underway in these states. In Asia, threats of proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, emerging nationalism amidst longstanding ethnic and national rivalries, and unresolved territorial disputes combine to create a political landscape of potential instability and conflict. Among them, one significant example is the territorial dispute of Spartly Islands. In 1988, there were small naval clashes between China and Vietnam, and these nations continue to be the most likely to engage in armed conflict over the Spratly Islands in the South China Sea. In February 1992, China reaffirmed its claim to the Spratly Islands and, unfortunately, its readiness to use force to back up its claim. Japan is also seriously concerned about this area because the Japanese economy heavily depends on using the sealane to import natural resources from abroad. In this sense, the area around the Spratly Islands will continue to be a source for regional instability among China, Japan and neibouring countries. Furthermore the unresolved territorial dispute between China and Japan around the Senkaku Islands will also worsening the instability in Asia.
無爲와 無用, 4.19세대 청년의 새로운 윤리 - 김승옥 소설의 청년 인물을 중심으로 -
김경민 한민족어문학회 2019 韓民族語文學 Vol.0 No.86
Through all ages, youths have been branded as the driving force of new era and the symbol of hope and passion. However, the rhetoric that symbolized youth are only given by older generation and society and not called by themselves. Moreover, the youth of 4.19 generation who poured out into the street shouting for the “Individual” and “Freedom” was forced to be negative on the social responsibility and role given regardless of their choice or will. It has been mostly interpreted such that the young characters in the Kim Seungok’s novel, which symbolically draw the youth in 1960s after 4.19 revolution, are all pathetic, passive, failed, and isolated. However, the new interpretation of this study was that they actively planned and chose the actions to resist forced roles and values from older generation even though they seemed as lacking passion and efforts, lazy, and useless. The young characters in Kim Seungok’ novel tried to protect “their own world” by showing positiveness in their behaviors in literature, art, and imagination that are useless and unproductive from the older generation’s logic. A series of their actions described as inaction and uselessness is a process of separating the past ethics assigned unilaterally by older generation, making new ethics, and actioning. In that sense, it is worth evaluating as an act of the extension of revolution. 어느 시대나 청년은 새로운 시대의 주역이자 희망과 열정의 상징으로 불렸다. 그러나 청년을 상징하는 이러한 수사는 기성세대와 사회로부터 부여된 것일 뿐 청년들 스스로가 붙인 정체성은 아니다. 더욱이 ‘개인’과 ‘자유’를 외치며 거리로 뛰어나온 4.19세대의 청년들로서는 자신들의 선택이나 의지와 무관하게 주어지는 사회적 책임이나 역할에 부정적일 수밖에 없었다. 4.19혁명 이후 1960년대 청년을 상징적으로 그리고 있는 김승옥 소설의 청년 인물들에 대해서는 무기력하고 소극적이며 실패하고 소외된 존재라는 것이 지금까지 대부분의 해석이었다. 그러나 외부의 시선으로는 열정과 노력이 부족하며 단지 게으르고 쓸모없어 보이는 이들의 행동이 실제로는 기성의 가치와 그들로부터 강제된 역할에 저항하기 위해 적극적으로 계획하고 선택한 행동이라는 것이 본 연구의 새로운 해석이다. 기성의 논리로는 쓸모없고 비생산적인 것으로만 평가될 문학과 예술, 공상 등의 행위에 오히려 적극성을 보임으로써 김승옥의 청년 인물들은 ‘자기 세계’를 지키고자 한 것이다. 무위(無爲)와 무용(無用)으로 설명되는 일련의 행동은 기성세대가 일방적으로 부여하는 과거의 윤리와 이별하고 자신들만의 새로운 윤리를 마련하여 실천해가는 과정이며, 그런 의미에서 혁명의 연장선상에 있는 행위로 평가할 만하다.
제조업 내 기술혁신과 수출의 고용효과에 관한 연구 : 글로벌 금융위기와 기업규모별 영향을 중심으로
김경민 중소벤처기업연구원 2019 중소기업정책연구 Vol.4 No.2
The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of innovation and exports on employment. Product innovation increases employment, and process innovation reduces employment. SME have shown smaller job growth effects than large enterprises. Exports had a negative effect on employment. Interestingly, when SME achieved product innovation and export growth at the same time, they increase employment. Since product innovation only has a positive impact on employment, the government should expand its support for the development of new products. 본 연구는 기술혁신성과와 수출증가가 고용에 미치는 영향을 2008년 글로벌 금융위기 전후와 대기업・중소기업으로 나누어 실증분석한 논문이다. 제품혁신은 고용을 증대시키며 공정혁신 은 고용을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났으며, 중소기업이 대기업보 다 고용증대 효과는 작은 것으로 추정되었다. 제조업 내 수출은 고용에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 흥미롭게도 ICT제조업에서 중소기업이 제품혁신과 수출증대를 동시에 달 성할 경우 고용에 긍정적인 영향을 보였다. 제품혁신만이 고용 에 긍정적인 영향을 미치므로, R&D정책 효율성을 제고하기 위 해서는 신제품 개발에 대한 지원이 확대되어야 한다는 점을 정 책적 시사점으로 제시하고 있다.