장애이해교육이 일반아동의 장애아동에 대한 태도에 미치는 영향

윤선주,김영일 朝鮮大學校 師範大學 附設 敎科敎育硏究所 2007 敎科敎育硏究 Vol.28 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a disability awareness program on improving the attitudes of regular elementary school children toward those with disabilities. The participants were 40 children in grades from 1 to 3 at two elementary schools in Wando, Chonnam province. A total of 20 children from one school at which the researcher worked was assigned to the experimental group and those from the other school to the control group. Two groups were equivalent in gender and grade level prior to the beginning of the experiment. The disability awareness program addressed ten topics such as the meaning of being different from each other, friends of children with disabilities, great persons with disabilities. living together. understanding friends with disabilities, etc. The researcher implemented the 10-session program from June 8th to July 9th. 2005. two sessions per week for five weeks. The researcher employed a variety of instructional strategies such as lecture, discussion, internet search, videotape materials, reading relevant stories. The attitudes of the participants toward children with disabilities were measured using Voeltz's (1980) Acceptance Scale and the Adjective Scale with four subscales such as Emotion, Physical Attractiveness, Learning Behavior, and Social Behavior. Their attitudes were measured one week before and after the implementation of the program. T-tests on the pretest-posttest difference scores found that the experimental group showed significantly greater changes in attitudes toward children with disabilities than did the control group. These results implied the that the implementation of disability-awareness programs in regular elementary schools could positively change the attitudes of elementary children toward disability.

健全財政運用의 限界 : G-7의 事例를 中心으로 Lesson from the G-7

尹炳善,崔瑛漢 건국대학교 사회정책연구소 1998 사회과학연구 Vol.8 No.-

평균대 경기 시 앞 공중돌기 동작에 대한 운동학적 분석

윤희중,류지선,김동민,김영란 한국운동역학회 2000 한국운동역학회지 Vol.9 No.2

본 연구는 평균대에서 수행되는 앞 공중돌기 동작의 효율적인 동작을 연기하는데 필요한 정보를 제공하기 위한 운동학적 요인을 살펴보는 데 있다. 연구대상은 부산동아시아 체조경기대회(1997년)평균대 종목별 결승에 참가한 한국선수 1명, 카자흐스탄 2명, 일본선수 1명을 대상으로 3차원 영상 분석을 통하여 운동학적 요인을 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 각국면별 소요시간 도움닫기 시간은 스텝시간이 대상자별로 다르게 실시함으로서 수행시간간에 차이를 보였다. 도약 시간은 선행연구 결과에 비해 본 연구의 대상자들이 보다 짧은 시간을 나타냈으며, 체공시간은 길게 소요하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 2. 체공 및 착자시 인체중심 높이는 선행연구된 마루 운동의 수행 결과들 보다는 다소 낮게 나타났다. 3. 도약시 인체중심 속도는 수직속도보다 수평속도가 높게 나타났다. 4. 도약 및 착지시 선정된 각 관절의 각도는 선행연구 결과들 보다 무릎각을 제외한 발목, 고관절 각도에서 적은 각도를 나타내 불안정한 착지를 수행하는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinematic variable of a forward somersault motion in balance beam. Two video cameras were used for 3-dimentional analysis. The subjects were four female gymnasts who is participated in the '97 east asian game. The conclusions are follows. 1. Time of each phase The time of run-up was shown a difference between performance time as type of step patterns of each subjects. The time of support was display a more short time in the gymnasts of present study compared to gymnasts of previous study, and it was shown a long time in the flight phase. 3. The velocity of center of gravity in supports phase was shown more high levels in horizontal velocity than vertical velocity. 4. The angle of each joint in support and landing was display a low angles in ankle and hip joint angles except to knee joint angles. Therefore, it was performing a unbalanced landing.

성인의 급성 설사에 대한 로페라미드 옥사이드의 효과: 위약과의 무작위 이중 맹검 비교 다시설 시험

박영태,정희진,박중원,이계희,김나영,임선희,윤병철,한동수,이오영 大韓消化器病學會 1998 大韓消化器病學會誌 Vol.31 No.5

쇄골 중간부 골절후 불유합 및 지연 유합의 원인

윤정로,심재익,김택선,이성종,김영배,김학준,안국환,장재영,홍명표 대한골절학회 2002 대한골절학회지 Vol.15 No.4

쇄골 중간 1/3 부위의 골절은 치료 결과가 양호하여 보존적 치료가 원칙적으로 받아 들어지고 잇으며 불유합에 대한 빈도도 낮은 것으로 되어 있다. 그러나 최근 전위 및 단축의 정도가 심할 경우 높은 불유합의 결과와 불량한 임상 결과를 보고하고 있어 이런 예에 대해선 수술적 치료를 권장하고 있다. 저자들은 단축 및 전위의 정도와 불유합의 연관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 대상 및 방법 : 1993년 2월부터 2002년 1월까지 본원에 내원 했던 성인 중간부 쇄골 골절 환자 194명 중 완전 전위를 보인 78례를 조사하여 이중 63례를 대상으로 분석하여 후 향적 연구를 시행하였다. 4개월 추시 후에도 방사성 사진상 유합 소견이 관찰되지 않으면 불유합의 유의성을 알아보고자 하였다. 결 과 : 63례 중 불유합 및 지연 유합을 소견을 보인 환자는 15(23%)례였다. 골유합을 보인 48례의 단축은 평균 8.6㎜(2㎜-17㎜)였고, 전위는 평균 9.7㎜(2-22㎜)였다 .불유합 및 지연 유합을 보였던 15례에서 단축은 평균 14.5㎜(3㎜-37㎜), 전위는 평균 17.3㎜(4-25㎜)였다. 18㎜이상 단축이 있었던 경우 불유합의 발생과는 통계학적으로 유의성을 나타내었고(Fisher's exact test, p<0.01), Chi-square test상 16㎜ 이상의 전위를 보였던 경우 불유합 발생과 통계학적으로 의미가 있었다(p<0.01). 결 론 : 쇄골 골절 특히 중간 1/3의 골절은 비교적 보존적 치료에 결과가 좋은 것으로 되어 있으나, 전위 및 단축이 심한 경우 불유합에 대한 가능성이 높이 때문에 보다 경과 관찰시 유합의 진행이 없으면 적극적인 치료를 고려해야한다. Purpose : Because the prognosis of the mid 1.3 clavicle fracture is good, the conservative treatment with a figure of 8 bandage is the gold standard and the nonunions are rare. However, recently surgical treatment is recommended when the shortening and displacement is severe because of the high nonunion rate and the poor clinical result. This study was undertaken to evaluate that the shortening and displacement at fracture site are associated with the development of nonunion. Materials and Methods : We analysed the 194 fractures of mid 1/3 clavicle in adults which had been treated conservatively from February 1993 to January 2002 and did the retrospective study. Of these, 78 cases were originally in the middle third of the clavicle and had been completely displaced. We reviewed 63 of these cases. The shortening and displacement at the fracture site was measured on the initial roentgenogram. And the analysis of the patients' chart was done for another predisposing nonunion factors. Nonunion and delayed union are considered to be present when there has been little or no progression of clinical or radiographic healing at a minimum of 4 months after injury. Results : 15 of the 63 cases had developed nonunion.. The average 8.6㎜(2㎜-17㎜) shortening and average 9.7㎜(2-22㎜) in the union patients. The average 14.5㎜(3㎜-37㎜) shortening and average 17.3㎜(4-25㎜) in the nonunion patients. We found that initial shortening ≥18㎜(Fisher's exact test, p<0.01) and initial displacement ≥ 16㎜(Chi-square test. p<0.01)at the fracture site were significantly associated with the development of nonunion. Conclusion : The conservative treatment with figure-80-bandage is the gold standard in the clavicle middle one third fracture. However, the nonunion is commonly occurs in the cases of more of severely shortened and displaced fractures. If there are no signs of callus formation and the patient complains of pain after several week, osteosynthesis should be considered.

위암세포주에서 Recombinant Human Interferon-r와 Adriamycin의 투여순서가 항암효과에 미치는 영향

홍원선,손영숙,김창민,강윤구,이춘택,김유철,임영혁,남현석,이진오,강태웅 大韓免疫學會 1993 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.15 No.-

Numerous previous studies, both in vitro and in vivo, have demonstrated that the cytotoxicity can be enhanced by the combination of chemotherapeutic agent and interferons(IFNs) in various types of cancer cells. We have previously reported that combined treatment of MKN-45, human gastric adenocarcinoma cells, with adriamycin(ADM) and recombinant human interferon-r(rh-IFN-r) increased in the cytotoxicity. In this study, the effects of combination timing of rh-IFN-r and ADM on the cytotoxicity against MKN-45 were investigated using MTT assay. MKN-45 was treated with rh-IFN-r and ADM in vitro on three schedules : Treat A ; rh-IFN-r and ADM were treated simultaneously, Treat B ; rh-IFN-r was treated 24 hours after the treatment with ADM, Treat C ; rh-IFN-r was treated for 72 hours and followed by the treatment with ADM. The survival of MKN -45 was inhibited by ADM dose-dependently. 102 and 103U/ml of rh-IFN-r significantly inhibited the survival of MKN-45(% survival : 35.1 ±-1.2% and 34.4 ±1.1% in Treat A and 42.5 ± 2.1% and 45.9-±2.5% in Treat C, respectively). However no difference in the survival was observed between 102 and 103U/ml of rh-IFN-r. Combined treatment with rh-IFN-r and ADM significantly augmented the cytotoxicity at low concentrations of ADM. Combined effects of rh-IFN-r and ADM were evaluated using IC30(,ag/ml) to ADM. IC30s of MKN-45 in Treat A, B and C at 102 U/ml of rh -IFN-r _ were 0.019 -?- 0.003, 0.045 :I:0.001 and 0.054 ± 0.012, respectively, while IC30 of MKN-45 treated with ADM alone was 0.052±0.004. IC30s of MKN-45 in ADM alone group, Treat A, Treat B and Treat C at 103U/ml of rh-IFN-r were 0.047 ±0.003, 0.004 -±0.001, 0.031 ±0.004 and 0.056 0.008, respectively. These results indicate IC30s of Treat A and B were significantly lower than those of ADM alone(p<0.05) and IC30s of Treat A was significantly lower than those of Treat B(p <0.01). IC30s of Treat C, however, were not different from those of ADM alone. From these results demonstrating that cytotoxic effects were increased by the combination of rh-IFN-r and ADM in the order, Treat A > Treat B> Treat C, it can be concluded that the simultaneous administration of rh-IFN-r and ADM may be the most effective method to combine these two therapeutic modalties.

Permanent wave와 Bleaching에 의한 모발손상에 관한 연구

배선향,윤수홍,이도영 한국위생과학회 2002 한국위생과학회지 Vol.8 No.2

This study investigated the changes of hair cuticle shape by means of scanning Electron Microscope(SEM) after permanent waving and bleaching, according to different types of chemicals(perm, bleach)and of temperatures(25℃, 50℃). The subjects were Korean students in their twenties who did not go on a diet, took no drugs, and had virgin hair. Virgin hair remained dense without being splayed off the scale, overlapped in a regular basis, and clear of the boundary between scales. But, the scale of hair cuticle had been splayed, separated, and lost by permanent waving and bleaching with hair chemicals. The hair cuticle that was permanent waved at 25℃ once and three times showed almost virgin hair, and the cuticle of hair permanent waved at 50℃ once was just a little splayed, so it seemed that perm treatment frequency and the permanent wave lotion with low pH were not major factors at low temperature. However, repeating the performance of bleaching, though at low temperature, was more major harmful factor than high temperature. This result reveals that a chemical of pH 11.0 for bleach damages hair severely leaving splayed and cracked in the whole hair, and maker\s column wrinkled scales regardless of temperature.

병·의원에서 분리한 메티실린 내성 황색포도알균에서 SCCmec 유형과 Aminoglycoside 변형효소 유전자의 분포

정영희,김광욱,차정옥,이경민,유재일,유정식,김봉수,노영주,윤혜령,이영선 대한감염학회 2008 감염과 화학요법 Vol.40 No.1

목적 : 대부분의 AME 효소 유전자는 transposon이나 plasmid 상태로 전달되며 staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) 내에도 삽입되어 있다. 최근 MRSA의 SCCmec 유형에 따라 다양한 내성유전자를 가지는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 따라서 1, 2차 의료기관에서 분리된 황색포도알균의 항생제 내성률을 조사하고 MRSA에서 SCCmec type에 따른 AME 효소 유전자의 분포를 확인하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 2004년 1, 2차 의료기관에서 분리된 황색포도알균 640주를 대상으로 methicillin의 내성유전자 mecA와 AME 효소 유전자 aac(6')-aph(2"), aph(3')-IIIa, ant(4')-Ia 등을 multiplex PCR 방법을 이용하여 확인하였다. 항생제 감수성 시험과 MIC 값은 한천배지 희석법으로 확인하였고 SCCmec type도 결정하였다. 결과 : 640주의 황색포도알균 중 MRSA을은 39.7%였으며 MRSA 분리주 모두 mecA 유전자가 검출되었다. Aminoglycoside 중 kanamycin, tobramycin에 대한 내성률은 98.1%이었고, gentamicin 68.7%, amikacin 30.8%, netilomicin 2.8%이었으며 vancomycm에는 모두 감수성이었다. Oxacillin MIC_50과 MIC_90은 각각 128 ug/mL, 256 ug/mL이었으며 254주의 MRSA 중 214주를 선별하여 AME 효소 유전자를 확인한 결과 aph(3')-IIIa 13.1%, aad(6')-aph(2") 77.1%, ant(4)-Ia 53.3%이었으며 SCCmec type에 따라서는 type II, type III, type IV가 각각 50.9%, 16.4%, 32.7%였다. SCCmec type에 따른 AME 효소 유전자의 분포는 SCCmec type II에서는 aac(6')-aph(2")와 aac(6')-aph(2")/ant(4')-Ia가 각각 49.5%, 36.7%에서 검출되었고 type III에서는 aph(3')-IIIa/aac(6')-aph(2")가 60%, aac(6')-aph(2")가 31.4%, type IV에서는 aac(6')-aph(2")/ant(4')-Ia와 ant(4')-Ia가 각각 41.4%, 50%로 나타났다. 결론 : 1, 2차 의료기관에서 분리한 황색포도알균 분리주의 메티실린 내성률은 39.7%이었다. MRSA 분리주 중 SCCmec type II와 III에서는 aac(6')-aph(2")가, SCCmec type IV에서는 ant(4')-Ia가 90% 이상 검출되어 SCCmec type과 AME 효소 유전자 분포와는 연관성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. Background : Many genes encoding aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (AMEs) on transposon or plasmid were transferred from one strain to another strain and inserted into a staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec). There are very diverse subtypes in SCCmec type to the insertion of resistant genes. Therefore, we researched the resistance rates of antibiotics and distribution of AME genes according to SCCmec type in MRSA strains. Materials and Methods : We isolated 640 Staphylococcus aureus from non-tertiary hospitals in 2004, detected mecA, aac(6')-aph(2"), aph(3')-llla, and ant(4')-la using the multiplex PCR method, tested antibacterial susceptibility disk diffusion and minimal inhibitory concentration, and determined SCCmec type. Results : Of 640 S. aureus isolates, MRSA rate was 39.7% and all MRSA isolates carried mecA gene. Among 214 MRSA selected, aminoglycoside-resistant rates were 98.1% in kanamycin and tobramycin, 68.7% in gentamicin, 30.8% in amikacin, and 2.8% in netilmicin. The detection rates for aac(6')-aph(2"), aph(3')-llla, and ant(4')-la were 77.1%, 13.1%, and 53.3%, respectively. Also, SCCmec type was 50.9% in SCCmec type II, 16.4% in type Ill, and 32.7% in type IV. The genes encoding AMEs were distributed aac(6')-aph(2") (49.5%) and aac(6')-aph(2")/ant(4')-la (36.7%) in SCCmec type II, aph(3')-llla/aaac(6')-aph(2") (60%) and aac(6')-aph(2") (31.4%) in type III, and aac(6')-aph(2")/ant(4')-la (41.4%) and ant(4')-la (50%) in type IV. Conclusion : 39.7% of S. aureus isolated from non-tertiary hospitals was resistant to methicillin. More than 90% of MRSA isolates were detected aac(6')-aph(2") in SCCmec type II and Ill, and ant(4')-la in type IV. With these results, the genes encoding AMEs may be closed related to SCCmec type.

Permanent waVe와 Decoloration에 의한 모발손상에 관한 연구

배선향,윤수홍,이도영 한국위생과학회 2002 한국위생과학회지 Vol.8 No.2

펌 및 탈색 시 모발 손상을 줄이기 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위해 20대 여대생의 건강한 모발을 펌 및 탈색을 하면서 전자 현미경으로 그 형태적 변화를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 자연 모발은 굵기가 60~80 ㎛인 비교적 가는 건강한 직모로 나타났다. 모표피(hair cuticle)의 비늘은 벌어지거나 벗겨짐이 서로 밀착되어 있었으며, 비늘의 겹쳐진 폭이 규칙적이었다. 또한 비늘 사이의 경계가 뚜렷하였고, 비늘의 표면은 매끈하였다. 25 ℃에서 1회 펌을 한 모발의 경우 한 부위에서만 비늘의 가장자리가 벌어졌을 뿐 다른 부위에서는 비늘의 벌어짐이 없이 밀착된 상태로 나타났다. 25 ℃에서 3회 펌을 한 모발의 경우에는 네 부위에서 비늘의 가장자리가 약간 더 벌어졌으나 25 ℃에서 1회 펌을 한 모방의 손상 정도와 큰 차이가 없었다. 50 ℃에서 1회 펌을 한 모발은 전체부위에서 비늘이 약간씩 벌어졌다. 25 ℃에서 3회 펌을 한 모발에 비해 비늘의 형태가 더 손상된 형태로 나타났다. 50 ℃에서 3회 펌을 시술한 모발은 심하게 손상되었다. 약 40 %의 비늘 가장자리가 벌어졌고, 약 10 %의 비늘은 미세한 주름이 생겼으며, 모발의 한 부위에는 구멍이 생겼다. 25 ℃에서 1회 탈색한 모발의 경우 전체에서 비늘이 벌어졌으며, 두 부위에서는 비늘이 탈락되어 비늘의 간격이 불규칙하였고, 전체 모발 중에서 약 15 %의 비늘에 세로 주름이 나타났다. 25 ℃에서 3회 탈색한 경우에는 모발 전체에서 비늘이 용해되어 두꺼워졌고, 모표피의 문리가 일정하지 않았으며, 모발의 몇몇 부위에 구멍이 생겼다. 50 ℃에서 1회 탈색한 경우 90 % 이상의 비늘이 벌어졌고, 약 25 %의 비늘에 뚜렷한 세로 주름이 생겼으며, 한 장의 비늘에 작은 구멍이 나타났다. 50 ℃에서 3회 탈색한 경우에는 모발 전체에서 모표피의 문리가 없어졌고, 용해된 비늘이 뭉쳐 있었으며, 또한 작은 구멍들이 여러 부위에 생겼다. 펌을 한 경우보다 탈색한 경우 모방의 손상 정도가 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 가장 손상의 정도가 큰 것은 50 ℃에서 3회 탈색한 경우로 나타났다. The morphological changes were investigated for the purpose of suggest the basic information to lesson hair damages by perm and decoloration. Women hairs were permed and decolored one time and three times at different temperature(25 ℃, 50 ℃), respectively. Then, the hairs were photographed with scanning electron microscope. The virgin hairs, which were not permed and not decolored, were morphologically healthy. Hair cuticle scales were not splayed and overlapped regularly. Perm hairs, which were treated one time at 25 ℃, were relatively healthy though one scale of hair cuticle was splayed. and, on the occasion of perm hairs treated three times at 25 ℃, four scales of hair cuticle were splayed. Hairs, which were permed at 50 ℃, were more damaged than those which permed at 25 ℃. Hair scales, which were permed at 50 ℃, were almost splayed. On the occasion of perm hairs treated three times at 50 ℃, 10 percentages of hair scales were wrinkled, and one scale was holed. Hair scales, which were decolored one time at 25 ℃ were almost splayed, and 15 percentages of hair scales were wrinkled. Hair scales, which were decolored three times at 25 ℃, were almost melted and thickened. 90 percentages of hair scales, which were decolored one time at 50 ℃, were splayed, and 25 percentages of hair scales were wrinkled. On the occasion of decoloration hairs treated three times at 50 ℃, the boundaries between scales were almost disappeared, and hair scales were melted and were agglomerated. Hairs, which were decolored, were more morphologically damaged than those which premed.

단체급식소에서 제공되는 음식온도의 기호성에 관한 연구

金蕙英,趙允旋 성신여자대학교 생활문화연구소 1993 生活文化硏究 Vol.7 No.-