The Two Landscapes of Desecrated Sexuality: 1984 and Brave New World

윤혜령 한국영어영문학회 2007 영어 영문학 Vol.53 No.5

This paper explores how the two famous dystopias, George Orwell’s1984 and Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World, draw on, among otherthings, the landscape of sexuality in a negative way and how thesewarnings and indictments concerning desecrated sexuality can be takenas a constant signifier in the modern wasteland.This paper is composed of four parts for convenience’s sake, the firstpart proposing the relative lack of research on this topic; the second partexplaining the landscape of sexuality in 1984;the third part focusing onanother landscape of sexual dystopia in Brave New Worldcompared tothe former work; and the last part concluding the implication that suchliterary imagination provides for the reader transcending time and place.Part I of this paper concerns the importance of the topic and explainshow the two dystopias can be compared in terms of literary depiction ofstandardized and institutionalized sexuality. Part II minutely discussesthe ways that George Orwell describes oppressed sex in a totalitariansociety called “Oceania.” The strategy of controlling sex in the societyis, characteristically, double-standard and accordingly hypocritical. Inthe terror-society banning and encouraging sexuality coexist based on

Felix Holt, The Radical

윤혜령 韓國外國語大學校 大學院 英語科 1994 外英論集 Vol.8 No.-

Women in Beckett′s Major Plays

윤혜령 韓國外國語大學校 大學院 英語科 1999 外英論集 Vol.13 No.-

조반니 파스콜리 시에 나타난 가족과 자연에 대한 소고 - 세 작품(8월 10일, 10월의 저녁, 꿈)을 중심으로

윤혜령 한국이탈리아어문학회 2019 이탈리아어문학 Vol.0 No.58

Giovanni Pascoli who is a deeply Italian poet is considered “as untranslatable as Leopardi” according to the Nobel prize winner, Eugenio Montale. Is it because his poems are too obscure to translate? Probably yes and no. Although there must be some reasons for that, we, the researchers who eulogize his masterpieces are meant to move forward to encounter more of them. Therefore, this paper focuses on not only how nature and family tragedy are reflected in the poems of Giovanni Pascoli but also how to deliver the poetic resonance of the poet in translation. Moreover, it examines the forms of each poem in detail. There are a huge number of poems that Pascoli created in his life, but unfortunately, only three pieces of the poetry were analyzed in this paper. Those three poems are “X of August”, “October Evening”, and “Dream”; the first one compares the father of the young poet who was assassinated on his way back home on the 10th of August with a swallow killed while returning to its nest. The second poem expresses the striking contrast of the diametrical opposite in nature and two persons, one is young and cheerful and the other is old and poor. Finally, the last one reflects the absence(death) of the poet's mother in his dream. Since the structure of the two languages: Korean and Italian are very dissimilar, delivering the inner messages of the poet with musicality in poetry was more concentrated on rather than the literal conveyance of the poems in translation. As a poet who was profoundly engrossed in "little things(piccole cose)", Pascoli in his work, "Il Fanciullino" claimed to listen to the inner voice of a little boy(fanciullino) and represented nature and the family in his works. To some extent, Pascoli seemed to transcend the family tragedy and the trauma he experienced as a young boy through his poetic composition on the little things around him and the family members including the dead and the living. 끊임없이 둥지를 지키려고 노력했던 파스콜리에게 둥지는 반드시 지 켜야만 하는 ‘그 무엇’으로 그가 먼저 보낸 가족들에게 진 부채와 같은 것은 아니었을까. 어린 나이에 부모를 잃은 그에게 가족의 보금자리라 면 으레 생각하게 되는 아버지, 어머니를 중심으로 형성되는 가족의 둥 지는 부모의 부재 상태에서 그가 보호하고 지켜야만 하는 성스러운 임 무였지만 그 자체가 끊임없는 도전이었을 것이고, 그런 까닭에 결혼으로 둥지를 떠난 여동생 이다에게 둥지의 근원을 흔드는 존재로서 배신 감마저 느끼지 않았을까 예측해볼 수 있겠다. 이 논문에 소개한 파스콜리의 시「8월10일」 ,「10월의 저녁」 ,「꿈」 은 파스콜리의 가족과 전원의 아름다움에 대한 생각이 섬세하게 표현된 대표적인 작품들이며 그가 자신의 시적 세계를 담아낸『어린아이』시 학에서 주장했던 것처럼, 그의 내면에 잠자고 있던 어린아이의 목소리 에 귀 기울이며 희망과 따뜻함으로 주변을 바라보려고 노력했던 그의 문학적 소통 방식이 잘 나타나 있다고 볼 수 있을 것이다. 세 작품 중 「10월의 저녁」을 제외하곤 전체적으로 다소 무겁고 비극적이지만 가 족과 자연을 소재로 한 파스콜리의 시는, 삶의 소중함을 알기에 죽음에 대한 사색의 과정을 통하여 자연과 더불어 살아가는 삶에 대한 소박한 경이로움을 느낄 수 있는 시의 역할뿐만 아니라, 가족을 잃은 깊은 상실 과 참담함을 그 특유의 둥지의식으로 재현함으로써 보다 강한 연대감을 구성하는 가족의 승화, 곧 시의 승화라는 함축적 맥락으로 보아야 할 것이다. 파스콜리의 이탈리아어 시편들을 비롯하여 그의 고전 연구나 그리스 어, 라틴어 시 작품집은 그의 수많은 작품들에 비해 많은 연구가 이루어 지지 않은 것으로 보이는 점은 참으로 안타까운 일이다. 많은 사람들이 생각하는 것처럼 “위대한 시인은 아니다. Non è poeta grande.” 라는 크 로체의 비평으로 현저하게 평가 절하되어 있는 듯이 보이는 파스콜리의 문학적 성취에 대한 진보적 연구 도약이야말로, 자신의 깊은 내면에 숨 겨져 있던 어린아이의 목소리를 통해 인간의 깊은 내면을 자연의 겸허 함을 빌어 통찰하고자 했던 파스콜리 자신이나 파스콜리언 문학을 사랑 하는 이들에게 문학적 발전을 위한 진일보의 계기가 될 수 있는 필연적 과정은 아닌지 다시 한번 생각해 볼 일이다.

전신진동 자극 훈련이 경직형 뇌성마비 아동의 고유수용감각 및 촉각에 미치는 영향

윤혜령,이은주,Yun, Hye-Lyeong,Lee, Eun-Ju 대한고유수용성신경근촉진법학회 2022 PNF and Movement Vol.20 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of whole-body vibration stimulation on proprioception and tactile in patients with spastic cerebral palsy. Methods: This study was conducted on 9 children diagnosed with spastic cerebral palsy. Of the single case study methods, the ABAB design was employed in this study. Out of a 12-week study period, three weeks were allocated to each of two baseline periods and two intervention periods. The exercise was performed twice a week for 30 minutes. A general trunk stabilization exercise was performed during the baseline period and a trunk stabilization exercise accompanied with whole-body vibration was performed during the intervention period. Evaluation was performed five times in total: before the experiment, after baseline 1, after intervention 1, after baseline 2, and after intervention 2. To determine the effect of the exercise method, a skin sensory evaluation tool (monofilament kit) and a trunk proprioception sensor (digital dual inclinometer) were used. To compare the effects of the exercises at baseline and after intervention, an analysis of variance on repeated measures (repeated ANOVA) was performed to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that there were statistically significant increases from baseline in the means of proprioception and tactile during the intervention period with whole-body vibration (p <.05). Conclusion: Whole-body vibration can be proposed as an effective intervention method for improving the proprioception and tactile in children with spastic cerebral palsy, and this exercise method is expected to be actively used in clinical practice.

A Postcolonial Reading of D.H. Lawrence’s The Rainbow: The Heroine Ursula Brangwen as a Latent Orientalist

윤혜령 신영어영문학회 2014 신영어영문학 Vol.59 No.-

This paper is a rereading of D. H. Lawrence’s The Rainbow from a postcolonial perspective based on the text of Edward W. Said’s Orientalism, the viewpoint of which has been neglected in Lawrence’s criticism as yet. This paper suggests that the heroine Ursula Brangwen, who possibly functions as the novelist’s spokesperson, can be interpreted as a latent Orientalist in Said’s sense. To support this critical point, the heroine’s dubious attitude about nationalism, imperialism, colonialism and racism that is usually seen through her relation with her lover Anton Skrebensky, is thoroughly analyzed and interpreted in the light of Said’s argument about the west’s creation of the myth of Orientalism. In this study Lawrence’s possible Orientalist subconscious is called into question, as well and this kind of new reading of the novel also provides some challenging new perspectives in interpreting Lawrence’s vision that has been neglected in his emphasis on individualism, transnationalism and life-philosophy.

George Orwell as a Religious Aspirant after the Humanities

윤혜령 신영어영문학회 2015 신영어영문학 Vol.62 No.-

This paper focuses on the themes of religion and the humanities in George Orwell’s most representative works―Animal Farm and 1984. This paper starts with Orwell’s assumed attitude about orthodox religion. Based on the general agreement that Orwell was quite critical and satirical of hypocritical religious practice, particularly of Catholicism in his times, this paper analyzes the literary implications related to the theme of religion manifested in the two novels. Subsequently, this paper suggests that in Orwell’s literature the world of the humanities generally represented by history, literature and philosophy takes a far more significant position than the transcendental world of orthodox religion. How Orwell might have valued―the sacred role of the humanities in the modern world, is explained in minute detail based on textual analysis and critical imagination. In conclusion, part of George Orwell’s greatness as a writer owes to his acute awareness of the important mission of the humanities fields as powerful as religion, the failure of which would possibly lead to dystopias of diverse kinds in the future.

문화에 따른 양육방식: 한국 어머니와 영아 간의 상호작용에서 주로 나타난 원격 양육행동 패턴

윤혜령,최영은 한국심리학회 산하 한국발달심리학회 2023 한국심리학회지 발달 Vol.36 No.4

부모와 영아 간 상호작용에서 나타나는 양육행동은 영아의 사회화 과정과 자기인식 능력의 발달에 중요한 역할을 할 수 있다. 특히, 신체적 거리에 따른 부모의 양육행동은 문화적 가치에 따라 달라질 수 있는데, 집단주의 문화권의 경우 근접 양육행동 패턴이 주를 이루고 개인주의 문화권에서는 상대적으로 원격 양육행동 패턴이 주를 이루는 것으로 보고되었다. 그러나, 국내에서는 신체적 거리에 따른 양육행동 패턴을 살펴본 연구가 아직 없었다. 본 연구에서는 최근 개인주의적 가치관으로 전환되고 있는 한국 문화적 맥락에서 원격과 근접 양육행동 중 어떤 패턴이 주로 나타나는지 검토하고 양육행동과 문화적 요인과의 관련성을 탐색해보았다. 추가로, 한국 어머니들의 양육행동 패턴과 영아 및 어머니 요인과의 관계성도 살펴보았다. 54명의 어머니-자녀의 자유놀이 상호작용을 분석한 결과, 한국의 어머니들은 집단주의 문화권에서 주로 관찰된 근접 양육행동보다는 스코틀랜드와 같은 개인주의 문화권에서 나타난 원격 양육행동을 주로 보였다. 또한, 영아의 성별, 연령 및 가구의 연간 소득이 근접 및 원격 양육행동과 유의한 상관을 보였다. 비록 양육방식의 제한적인 한 측면에서의 관찰이지만, 이러한 결과는 한국 어머니의 양육방식이 영아의 초기 자기인식 발달뿐만 아니라 다양한 발달영역에도 변화를 유도할 가능성을 시사한다. Parenting behavior that reflects cultural values plays an important role in the infants’ socialization and development of self-recognition. While proximal parenting strategies are used more frequently by caregivers who value social relations, distal parenting strategies are preferred more by caregivers who value individualism. No studies have examined predominant parenting strategies used by Korean caregivers in this respect. The present study employed a time-sampling method to analyze 54 Korean mothers’ parenting strategies during play interactions with their 14 to 20-month-olds. Additionally, our study examined the relationships between Korean mothers’ parenting strategies and factors related to infants and mothers. The results showed that Korean mothers heavily relied on distal parenting strategies, using mutual eye gaze and verbal contact more frequently than proximal strategies such as body contact or directive action. These results suggest that current generations of Korean mothers may value independence and autonomy more than social relations and harmony. Moreover, significant correlations were observed between the mothers’ parenting strategies and infants’ gender, age, and annual parental income. These findings suggest that the parenting strategies of Korean mothers may induce various changes in their infants’ development.

Dualism in Carlyle’s Sartor Resartus: Descendentalism and Transcendentalism

윤혜령 한국영어영문학회 2009 영어 영문학 Vol.55 No.3

Pointing out the reality of criticism done mostly on Carlyle’s original structure and rhetoric in his Sartor Resartus, this research paper focuses on Carlyle’s dualistic philosophy revealed in the work, limiting its focus mostly to the dualistic theme of descendentalism and transcendentalism. The essence of Caryle’s descendentalism is his irony and satire on human civilization, not for criticism itself, like other satirists, but rather out of his “deep,” “secret” humanism behind his mask. Roughly the two objects of his social criticism in the contemporary, descendentalisitc world, are mechanism and materialism in a variety of new ideologies. To diagnose the Zeitgeist and disillusion man living in contemporary civilization, Carlyle in this work uses a very original metaphor, the clothes-symbol. According to Carlyle, human history and progress can be said to be originated from man’s “adventitious” invention of clothes that was not for biological need or social decency, but for decoration, the instinct of which implies man’s innate vanity and desire. Interestingly enough here, however, Carlyle uses the same metaphor of clothes for his vision of transcendence, the world of “Everlasting Yea.” Man is also God’s apparel and Matter is that of Spirit. Carlyle’s “Everlasting Yea” world stresses especially the two attitudes, belief in God and love of man, which have been recently jeopardized in the socalled descendentalistic world. But Carlyle’s transcendental and religious vision in Sartor Resartus is, as critics also have agreed, a unique and mysterious vision as something different from orthodox Christianity or other Victorian ideologies, as more like an amalgamation among Calvinism, Romanticism, Platonism and German Idealism. All in all, reading Sartor Resartus is still a valuable experience of an “idiosyncratically” original vision along with his warning against dehumanizing forces lurking in the name of civilization and with his ultimate eulogy on man, proving descendentalism as just part of transcendentalism, although the reader from time to time can be embarrassed by his malecentered, politically conservative, and individual-oriented dynamism. Pointing out the reality of criticism done mostly on Carlyle’s original structure and rhetoric in his Sartor Resartus, this research paper focuses on Carlyle’s dualistic philosophy revealed in the work, limiting its focus mostly to the dualistic theme of descendentalism and transcendentalism. The essence of Caryle’s descendentalism is his irony and satire on human civilization, not for criticism itself, like other satirists, but rather out of his “deep,” “secret” humanism behind his mask. Roughly the two objects of his social criticism in the contemporary, descendentalisitc world, are mechanism and materialism in a variety of new ideologies. To diagnose the Zeitgeist and disillusion man living in contemporary civilization, Carlyle in this work uses a very original metaphor, the clothes-symbol. According to Carlyle, human history and progress can be said to be originated from man’s “adventitious” invention of clothes that was not for biological need or social decency, but for decoration, the instinct of which implies man’s innate vanity and desire. Interestingly enough here, however, Carlyle uses the same metaphor of clothes for his vision of transcendence, the world of “Everlasting Yea.” Man is also God’s apparel and Matter is that of Spirit. Carlyle’s “Everlasting Yea” world stresses especially the two attitudes, belief in God and love of man, which have been recently jeopardized in the socalled descendentalistic world. But Carlyle’s transcendental and religious vision in Sartor Resartus is, as critics also have agreed, a unique and mysterious vision as something different from orthodox Christianity or other Victorian ideologies, as more like an amalgamation among Calvinism, Romanticism, Platonism and German Idealism. All in all, reading Sartor Resartus is still a valuable experience of an “idiosyncratically” original vision along with his warning against dehumanizing forces lurking in the name of civilization and with his ultimate eulogy on man, proving descendentalism as just part of transcendentalism, although the reader from time to time can be embarrassed by his malecentered, politically conservative, and individual-oriented dynamism.

토니 모리슨의 『 술라 』 : 흑인 여성주의적 해석

윤혜령 한국영미문학페미니즘학회 1997 영미문학페미니즘 Vol.5 No.1

이 논문은 토니 모리슨의 소설 『술라』를 흑인 여성 주의 시각에서 새롭게 해석한 시도이다. 대부분의 흑인 문학 작품이 그렇듯 이 소설도 작품의 우수성화 비평가들의 높은 평가에도 불구하고 아직까지 충분하고 다양한 해석이 이루어지지 않은 작품들 중의 하나로, 특히 흑인 여성주의적 관점에서 집중적으로 행해진 이 작품에 대한 문학 비평은 아주 미미한 것이 현실이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 흑인 여성주의 시각에서 주인공과 공동사회의 관계를 주로 다루고 있는데, 첫째로는 백인의 인종 차별주의와 그 사회악의 파생물이기도 한 성차별주의의 희생물로서의 이 소설의 배경인 흑인 공동사회, the Bottom을, 둘째로는 여주인공이 이런 사회 속에서 어떤 식으로 예를 들어, 억압 모델(the Oppressed Model)과 능동 매체 모델(the Active Agency-model)로 동시에 기능하는지를 설명하고 있다. 이 흑인 사회의 맹목적인 인식과 문화의 동질성 지향과 흑인 남성들의 약화된 남성성은 백인 인종 차별주의의 간접 영향으로 이 소설 속에서 암시되어져 있고 여주인공 술라는 이러한 기형적 사회 모델의 희생자이면서 동시에 그녀가 부르는 신비로운 자아의 노래로 이 사회를 자극하고 움직이는 간접 매개체로 기능하도록 되어져있다. 일반 독자가 이런 종류의 소설과 주인공을 어떻게 받아들여야 할지, 이러한 작품이 흑인 여성주의 관점을 초월하여도 과연 보편적인 설득력이 충분한지는 한 과제로 볼 수 있는데, 이 소설은 시적 서정성과, 생명력 있는 대사, 개성 있는 인물묘사, 함축적이고 경제적인 문체와 단어 사용으로 대작가의 면모를 충분히 보여주고 있는 반면, 이 작품의 다소 지나친 선정적(sensational) 요소와 이 작가와 여주인공이 공유하고 있는 듯한 실존의 허무와 도덕적 진공(amorality) 상태가 때로 독자에게 조금은 피곤하고 위험하게 다가올 수 있다. 본 논문은 또한, 이러한 주제를 토론하는 중에 이 작품의 화술 구조, 인물 묘사, 심상(imagery)과 상징 등에 관한 새로운 해석을 제공할 것이다.