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장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4
Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.
흥미로운 구조를 가진 Dipyrrolylbenzene들의 합성에 관한 연구
정대일,김인식,정두희,박철우,김윤영 東亞大學校 大學院 1996 大學院論文集 Vol.21 No.-
1-(2-Aminophenyl)pyrrole 20a and 1,2-dipyrrolylbenzene 17a were synthesized by using 1,2-phenylenediamine 16a with 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran 12 in glacial acid. 1-(3-Aminophenyl)pyrrole 20b and 1,3-dipyrrolylbenzene 17b were obtained by using 1,3-phenylenediamine 16b with 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran 12 in glacial acetic acid. 1,4-Dipyrrolybenzene 17c was synthesized by using 1,4-phenylenediamine 16c with 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran 12 in glacial acetic acid. Aminophenylpyrroles 20 and dipyrrolylbenzenes 17 were respectively synthesized by the treatment of 1,2-phenylenediamine 16a, 13-phenylenediamine 16b, 1,4-phenylenediamine 16c and 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran 12 in no solvent, acrylic acid, silica-gel, acrylic acid + silica-gel + acetic acid instead of glacial acetic acid. In case of silica-gel + acetic acid among various methods reactivity about synthesis of dipyrrolylbenzene 17 was best. 9-Phenylcarbazole 15 was synthesized by treatment of 1-phenylpyrrole 13 with 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran 12 in glacial acetic acid.
정물의 사진적의미와 표현에 관한 연구 : 어빙 펜의 사진을 중심으로
鄭又營,최윤영 慶一大學校 1999 論文集 Vol.16 No.4
Still-life started from artists studies. It has changed with the birth of photography and its development. Photographers who had rather purpose their inner emotions, used still-life an ideal work form, to express themselves. Still-life photography, that are showing various forms in fine art and advertising will have a variation in forms and meanings in the coming 21th digital century. Irving penn, blew still-life and both meanings into objects. He also confirmed artists about still-life photography, its artistic level and its unlimited possibilities of expression. Irving penn will be, for sure, remembered to artists as a man of verification and esteem.
2상 HB형 Linear Stepping Motor의 정지정도 개선에 관한 연구
정의남,임윤희,이상교,이경호,송우창 三陟大學校 1999 論文集 Vol.32 No.1
A Linear Stepping Motor (LSM) can operate in an open loop control mode similarly to a rotary stepping motor. However, the LSM occur error between the actual mover position and the ideal position. In this paper, a position accuracy improvement method using an energy stored in winding inductance of the LPM is proposed.
이중우,이윤정 啓明大學校 産業技術硏究所 1999 産業技術硏究所 論文報告集 Vol.22 No.1
This study first investigates the concept and the meaning of centrality from the viewpoint of CHe-Yong-Sang theory as applied to architectural space and secondly investigates the way in which the centrality of modern urban dwelling space is perceived. The findings indicate that the centrality of modern urban dwelling space is perceived in more complex manners than is the case with the traditional dwelling space. While the centrality of dwelling space is observed at different locations, its significance persists in the urban dwelling space.
갈륨액체금속 이온원과 인듐액체금속 이온원의 빔 특성에 대한 연구
현정우,임연찬,정강원,정원희,박철우,이종향,강승언 한국공작기계학회 2005 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2005 No.-
본 연구에서는 인듐 액체금속이온원을 제작하여 빔 특성에 대해 연구를 하였으며, 기존에 연구를 하였던 갈륨 액체금속이온원의 빔특성과 비교 분석 하였다. 빔특성 분석을 위해 빔 안정도, 전류-전압특성곡선, 에너지 퍼짐을 측정하였다. 액체금속이온원에 사용되는 액체금속 저장소 및 바늘전극(tip)은 500μm의 직경을 갖는 텅스텐을 사용하였으며, 국내에서 제작된 제품을 사용하였다. 액체금속 저장소의 구조는 이전에 구상하여 연구가 이루어진 6개의 pre-etching된 텅스텐와이어(wire)가 묶여진 형태를 사용하였다.
Palmes Tube를 이용한 지역별 NO₂농도와 직종별 NO₂개인 폭로량에 관한 연구
김준연,박순우,김동일,장봉기,정경동,김두희,홍대용,정갑열,김용규,이종섭,유일수,김정만 동아대학교 의과대학 부설 산업의학연구소 1992 산업의학연구소 논총 Vol.- No.1
Indoor air quality is important to human wellbeing because people their spend much of time indoors. Current efforts to reduce ventilation rates in building may conserve energy but may also passibly empair human health and welfare through increased levels of indoor contaminants. Nitrogn dioxide( NO₂)has been regarded as one of the important indoor air pollutants. This report updates the assessment of NO₂concentrations at indoor & vehicle road and personal NO₂exposure levels by job groups in four urban cities. NO₂concentrations were measured using the diffusion tube method on 671 subjects in four cities(Pusan, Taegu, Chinju. Iri) from Dec. 1988 to Feb, 1989 and from Dec. 1989 to Feb. 1990. The results of the study obtained were as follows. Ⅰ. Indoor & vehicle road NO₂levels 1. The mean NO₂level was 37.8±19.6(8∼189)ppb and the highest with 42.2±20.5ppb at Bus & Taxi. 2. The NO₂levels by area were as follows: Pusan city, 38.3±20.3ppb: Taegu city, 41.1±17.6ppb: Chinju city, 33.0±19.4ppb: Iri city, 35.8±20.6ppb. 3. The site of the highest NO₂level in Pusan, Taegu, Chinju and Iri city were as follows: Bus & Taxi, 45.4ppb: Vehicle road, 50.8ppb: Bus & Taxi, 37.5ppb: Bus & Taxi. 45.0ppb. Ⅱ. Personal NO₂exposure level 1. The mean level of personal NO₂exposure was 42.7 ±23.1(6∼145)ppb and the highest with 54.0±25.5ppb at office workers. 2. Personal NO₂exposure levels by area were as follows: Pusan city 44.8±20.2ppb: Taegu city, 50.6±24.3ppb: Chinju city, 47.1±23.2ppb: Iri city, 48.0±27.0ppb. 3. The job group of the highest personal NO₂exposure level in Pusan, Taegu, Chinju and Iri city were as follows: Office workers, 50.3ppb: Bus & Taxi drivers, 63.8ppb: Office workers, 59.8ppb: Office workers, 60.0ppb.